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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evaluation of a nursery based language intervention in a socially disadvantaged area.

This longitudinal study was designed to evaluate the impact of a community-based speech and language project, set in an area of Plymouth known for its high levels of social disadvantage. The interventions include a specifically designed nursery programme, known as Wise Words for Nursery, and a modular series of parenting groups for the parents of pre-school children. The data were collected from five consecutive year groups entering a single primary school for the years 1993-1997. Each of the five cohorts underwent a battery of tests to collect data on their lexical development, information recall, reception of grammar, sentence length and speech clarity. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference in the communication abilities of the most recent cohort when compared to the previous years. The findings provide considerable support for the efficacy of the approach employed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

'Partnership with parents'--a progressive pathway.

This paper presents the problems associated with the implementation of a new model of service delivery involving parent programmes. Factors affecting the cost-effectiveness included the influence of the learning curve. Change, innovation and adoption will be discussed in relation to the new model of service delivery. The correlation with years of experience will also be considered.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1998

'Partnership with parents' a pilot project.

This paper looks at a controlled study which aimed to measure the efficacy of a parent programme. The parents involved were all parents of pre-school children with specific expressive language delay (SELD). A number of measures were used to identify changes in mother-child interaction and language development. Significant differences were noted in the experimental group while the control group remained stable over time. The results indicate the potential effectiveness of this type of intervention for children identified as having SELD.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Styles of interaction used by learning assistants: the effectiveness of training.

This study examines the effectiveness of a training day for classroom learning assistants (LAs), which aims to change the way LAs interact with language-impaired children. The subjects were eight LA/language-impaired child dyads (with children aged 4;11 to 9;11 years) attending mainstream schools. The dyads were video recorded interacting at two times (before and after training) and in two contexts each time (sharing a book and in class). The training increased the percentage of facilitating utterances and recasts used by the LAs but did not decrease the percentage of controlling utterances used. Although the trained styles of interaction were used more frequently while sharing a book than in a classroom activity, the amount of change following training was not significantly different for these two settings.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Working towards an inclusive curriculum.

The move towards an inclusive model of education presents teachers with the difficulty of differentiating the curriculum for children with speech, language and communication impairments. This paper focuses on the 'WiSaLT Curriculum Appendix'-a tool which can be used by teachers and speech and language therapists to help such children access the mainstream curriculum and to promote improvement in their language and communication skills. As well as highlighting potential areas of difficulty within each attainment target for key stage one, the appendix guides users to specific strategies and activities. Thus the speech and language therapist and teacher can identify which attainment targets might prove problematic for any one child and also have access to ideas which can help.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design and development of an expert system to assist diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis using traditional Chinese medicine.

The treatment of chronic hepatitis with traditional Chinese medicine shows good therapeutic effectiveness in clinical practice. Since the process for the diagnosis in Chinese medicine is quite different from that of modern Western medicine, many physicians of modern medicine cannot practise it readily and effectively. We describe an expert system designed to support physicians who may not be familiar with the domain of traditional Chinese medicine, to treat chronic hepatitis by using Chinese medicine. This system was developed by logic programming language PROLOG, where the knowledge of Chinese medicine is represented in a semantic network structure and the reasoning strategy is based on the hypothesize-and-test approach. This system can guide the user to collect patient information easily, and based on those items of information this leads to the possible diagnosis and treatment for chronic hepatitis using Chinese medicine. The results of this system are compared with 40 patient case records and analysed by a specialist in Chinese medicine.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1999

[Logopedic intervention in language learning disorderss].

The objective of this study is to analyze, from the conceptual point of view, logopaedic intervention in disorders of acquisition of language. We describe the 'model of intervention at three levels': reinforcing stimulation of language, restructuration of language and substitution of language. We analyze the concepts of 'ambiental intervention', from the naturalist point of view, that of functional exercises and of directed or formal exercises. We study the variables which affect the specificity of logopaedic treatments. As a specific example we describe intervention in auditory perception.

Child↗
PubMed1999

[Comparison of tongue position and movement pattern before and after repair in cleft palate patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of tongue position and movement pattern on the phonation of cleft palate patients. METHODS: The standard lateral cephalometric roentgenographic recordings were performed at rest and functional position. Computer scanning system was used to measure and analyse the graphs. RESULTS: At rest position, A/F ratio in pre-operation group is smaller than in post-operation and control groups; C/H ratio in post-operation group is greater than in pre-operation and control groups; S/V ratio in post-operation group is smaller than in control group. During phonation of /a:/, D/F, A/P, A/F and a/p ratios in post-operation group are smaller, but P/B, C/H ratios are bigger than in control group. A/F ratio in post-operation group is smaller and C/H ratio is bigger than in control group. D/F, A/P, a/p ratios in pre-operation group are smaller than in post-operation group. CONCLUSION: Significant abnormalities of tongue position and movement pattern exist in pre-operation group. After operation for cleft palate, most abnormalities disappeared, but some still persist. It is necessary for the patients to have phonetic training to eliminate these abnormalities and achieve clear phonation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Beginnings of the study of Western sciences, "Rangaku," in Kyoto and Osaka in close relations with the Edo school].

Beginnings of the study of Western sciences, "Rangaku," in Kyoto and Osaka in the late 18th century are reviewed. Profiles and achievements of several active learners are briefly described; they include Koishi Genzui (Osaka-Kyoto), Tsuji Ranshitsu (Kyoto), Kimura Kenkadō (Osaka), and Hashimoto Sōkichi (Osaka). Genzui, after having successfully made good relations with Sugita Genpaku and Ohtsuki Gentaku, leading masters of the Edo school, played a role of an advocator for promoting "Rangaku" in Osaka and Kyoto. As a result, Kenkadō attained the publication of his book "Ikkaku Sankō," a monograph of the Western crude drug unicorn, with the help of Gentaku, who had translated a Dutch reference into Japanese for him. Ranshitsu and Sōkichi were taught the Dutch language by Gentaku; Sōkichi is known as the founder of "Rangaku" in Osaka.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed2001

[Conduction aphasia and phonemic disorder].

Conduction aphasia is usually described as a repetition impairment. Semiology or pathophysiology cannot be explained with this definition. We report a single case particularly demonstrative. The patient showed spontaneous speech, denomination, repetition and reading impairments. Main errors were phonemic paraphasia. No arthric disorder nor comprehension impairment was observed. Damage of supramarginalis gyrus and Wernicke's area was found. A cognitive analysis suggested that the phonological buffer and the working memory were impaired. Implication for rehabilitation, which included segmentation and semantisation associated to phonological training, is discussed. The course of the conduction aphasia was good and the patient was able to work again.

Aphasia, Conduction↗
PubMed1999

[The clinic application of multichannel cochlear implant with eleven cases reported].

OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of profound sensorineural deaf patients who were implanted multichannel cochlear. METHOD: Eleven profound deaf patients (6 prelingually deaf and 5 postlingually deaf) were implanted with twenty-two (model Minisystem 22) and twenty-four (model Nucleus 24) channel cochlear. Mapping of cochlear speech processor was done in 1 to 1.5 months after operation. RESULT: All of 11 patients obtained the hearing. The patients with postlingually deaf can dialog and communicate with telephone after a simple language training without lip reading training. These patients achieved the best results, they not only stepped in sound world but also obtained a normal living and work. In the prelingually deaf patients, they got hold of incoordinate progress in speech ability after assess and speech training. CONCLUSION: The multichannel cochlear implant had good effects in profound deaf patients, especial in postlingually deaf patients and younger children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Training and generalization of expressive syntax in nonfluent aphasia.

Generalization of treatment effects remains a consistent goal of clinicians who treat aphasic adults. Specifically, various types of stimulus/response generalization designs are available, depending on the level of generalization desired. We have reviewed training matrices designed to elicit gestural subject-plus-verb targets and treatment studies designed to answer more global questions regarding treatment efficacy. As Kearns (1989) so eloquently states, "clinical accountability cannot, in fact, be fully achieved without documentation of communication skills trained in the clinic generalized to other settings and situations." Although the studies cited and data reviewed in this article did not meet this standard specifically, an attempt was made to provide a brief prelude to the data now emerging in the aphasiology literature. Additionally, with an increasing data base in the literature specific to generalization, more efficacious treatment paradigms will be made available. Clinicians treating aphasic adults thus should have the opportunity to choose the treatments shown to be most effective for a specific type and severity of aphasia.

Aged↗