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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Coagulation studies in leptospirosis.

Coagulation and serum F.D.P. studies in 10 leptospirosis patients (5, L. bataviae, 2, L. autumnalis, 2, L. australis, and 1, L. akiyami A.)showed prolongation of prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and thrombin clotting time, slight low platelet count, depletion of factor V and slightly high serum F.D.P. in only four cases. Four cases had bleeding and one case died because of severe haemorrhage but with only slight changes in coagulation factors and slightly high serum F.D.P. These findings suggested that the damage of capillary endothelium was more pronounced than the coagulopathy which may be due to liver cell damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Immunity to leptospirosis: Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona bacterins in cattle.

Immunity to renal leptospirosis was demonstrated in cattle vaccinated with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. Vaccinated cattle, challenge inoculated with virulent L interrogans serotype pomona organisms 12 months after vaccination, were resistant to renal infection; similarly inoculated, but nonvaccinated, cattle were susceptible to renal infection. Relationship was demonstrated between immunity induced in vaccinated cattle and that induced in hamsters vaccinated with a dilution of the same bacterin and later inoculated with virulent L interrogans serotype pomona organisms.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2001

Of mice and mongooses ... a history of leptospirosis research in Hawaii.

A history of leptospirosis research in Hawaii is presented, beginning with the first published work in 1937. This account traces the leading researchers who described the organism and the disease, the diagnostic tests developed and used, the reservoir animals identified, methods of disease transmission discovered, prevention programs developed in the state, and research into more effective disease detection and prevention.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Leptospirosis: report of one case.

An 8-year-old male aborigine was referred to our hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The major symptom presented was a persistent fever for six days. Several other symptoms were drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nuchal rigidity, lymphadenopathy, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and muscle aching of the calf. During hospitalization, cerebrospinal fluid studies showed pleocytosis. Abdominal sonograms revealed hepatosplenomegaly, moderate ascites and gallbladder wall thickening. These data were suggestive of leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test of leptospiral antibodies further confirmed the diagnosis. After treatment with intravenous aqueous penicillin and gentamicin, the clinical course improved significantly.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methodological aspects of serological diagnosis in leptospirosis].

The results of serological study for leptospirosis of 515 blood serum specimens from patients coming to different clinics of the Republic of Bangladesh, are presented. The sera were tested in microagglutination test. To exclude intergroup reactions and to enhance reliability of results, immunoglobulin classes were determined with the use of cysteine as a reducing agent and immunoabsorption test. In 51 patients (9.9%) antileptospiral antibodies were detected in titers from 1:20 to 1:1600 against pathogenic leptospires of different serological groups.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

The prevalence of interstitial nephritis and leptospirosis in 283 raccoons (Procyon lotor) from 5 different sites in the United States.

A retrospective histopathological study was carried out on tissues of 283 raccoons from 5 different geographical locations for presence of interstitial nephritis and renal leptospirosis. Results of this study indicate that although interstitial nephritis was common in raccoons from all locations, the presence of renal leptospiral spirochetes was not.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of microscopic agglutination test as a diagnostic tool during acute stage of leptospirosis in high & low endemic areas.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Making a diagnosis on the results of a single microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is difficult because of the uncertainties about the cut-off titre. The present study was conducted to determine the significant titre for a single MAT in areas of high and low endemicity for leptospirosis. METHODS: A total of 1944 serum samples were collected from healthy individuals and confirmed patients residing in areas of high and low endemicity. All the sera were screened by MAT using 10 live leptospiral strains as antigens. From the distribution of titres among healthy individuals and in patients, the sensitivity and specificity at different cut-off titres were calculated. Likelihood ratio positive (LR+), likelihood ratio negative (LR-), and LR+/LR- were calculated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were plotted for the early and late stages of the disease in both the areas. RESULTS: The ROC plot was totally below the no benefit line during the first week of illness in high endemic area. During the second to fourth weeks it showed better characteristics and the best cut-off titre was 1:200, where the sensitivity was 93.4 per cent and specificity 74.7 per cent LR+ LR- ratio was 41.82 indicating reasonable separation between the positive and negative test results. In the other states the ROC plot was above the no benefit line even during the first week, the best cut-off being 1:50 where the sensitivity was 56.7 per cent and specificity was 90.6 per cent. During the second to fourth weeks the test showed the best characteristics in the low endemicity regions with an ROC curve having the ideal shape. Best cut-off was at 1:100 where the sensitivity was 96.6 per cent and specificity 94.8 per cent LR+ LR- ratio was 523.25 indicating a wide separation between the positive and negative test results. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: MAT does not have any diagnostic value during the first week, particularly in high endemic areas. The best cut-off to be used will be 1:50 in low endemicity areas during the first week, 1:100 during the second to fourth week and 1:200 in high endemicity regions during the second to fourth weeks.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2002

[Leptospirosis in the Province of Santa Fé, Argentina. Epidemiologic, clinical and socioeconomic description].

Leptospirosis is produced by a bacteria belonging to the Leptospira genus. Water contaminated with this germ which comes from the urine of infected animals is an excellent source of infection for mammals. It gets into the human body through the skin or mucus. The aims of this work were to describe the cases that occurred during the first five months of 2001, and to determine the causes of this phenomenon. There was a total of 49 patients confirmed by the laboratory, 39 of whom completed the epidemiologic form; 24 of whom were over 15 years of age, 19 were male cases, 13 of whom involved in semiurban jobs; 82% presented fever, 74.3% headaches: 71.8% mialgias and 48.7% presented the conjunctivitis shot; 61.5% showed a flu syndrome, 20.5% a meningeal, and 18.5% respiratory and renal syndrome. These patients had a low level of education, with unstable jobs and lots of rodents in or near their houses. The structure of these houses was precarious, with a deficient system of water drainage. Fifty percent of the patients had primary instruction, 11.1% secondary instruction, one was illiterate, and none had gone to university. Patients coming from rural areas (an outbreak), belonged to a higher social and economic condition and had got infected through exposure in relation with their jobs. Sources of infection in the rural patients were different from those of the urban patients: in the former they were related to the presence of rodents, which related to the type of work, while in the urban cases they had to do with the poverty of their living conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Human leptospirosis in Brazil.

Serological data on the prevalence of human leptospiroses in certain regions of Brazil are presented. Out of 467 diseased and clinically healthy persons, 40 were positive in the Amazonia. The most frequent serotypes were grippotyphosa (27.5%), panama (25%), icterohaemorrhagiae (10%) and woffi (10%). In 1966 and 1970, 279 cases were identified in Recife (northeastern Brazil) during outbreaks subsequent to floods. Among these 92.5% belonged to the icterohaemorrhagiae serotype. From 1947 to 1972, in São Paulo City (southeastern Brazil), of 18,233 patients with clinical signs of leptospirosis, 2,237 were positive with 86.5% belonging to icterohaemorrhagiae. In all Brazil, 32 strains of leptospires were isolated, 27 of which belonged to the icterohaemorrhagiae serotype and one strain for each wolffi, canicola, grippotyphosa, andamana and alexi serotypes.

Brazil↗
PubMed2002

Antibodies to leptospirosis in rodents from Thailand using a modified human diagnostic assay.

The number of reported cases of Leptospirosis in Thailand has grown since 1996. Identification of major reservoirs and endemic areas is essential in surveillance of Leptospira species in Thailand. To assist in the effort of surveillance, a dipstick assay for detecting Leptospira antibodies in mammals was adapted from a human diagnostic assay and tested in a field trial in Thailand. Antibodies to Leptospira were detected in 18 of 60 wild rodents. Four of 9 culture positive rodents were positive by the dipstick assay. The proportion of sera positive for antibodies by dipstick was correlated with positive culture outcome using McNemar test for correlated proportions (0.83, P> 0.05). The dipstick assay was effective in detecting antibodies to Leptospira in mammals and may be useful in resource poor areas or under circumstances where the microagglutination test (MAT) is not practical.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serologic survey on human leptospirosis in Argentina].

This paper presents the results obtained with the sera of persons having direct or indirect contact with ethiological agents of leptospirosis. Exposure could have ocurred during the performance of their duties, by contact with contaminated habitats and/or animals. One thousand thirty eight sera from persons living in different regions of Argentina were received at the laboratory and studied by the microscopic agglutination tecnique. Of these, 164 were positive (15.7%) to serveral serotypes. One hundred thirty eight sera of the 857 males studied (16.1%) were positive, and 16 out of 173 female sera (15%) were positive. Males between 31 and 40 years of age had the highest proportion of positives (21.7%); however, among females the group between 21 and 30 years of age had the highest rate (14.2%). Most of the sera reacted to L. brastislava (15%), followed by L. icterohaemorrhagiae (17.7%) and L. butembo (14%), with nine other serotypes at lower rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of study of a combined focus of leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the Primor'e territory].

Survey of the circulation and spread of causative agents of the infection among wild rodents may predict the activation of an epizootic process and the aggravation of an epidemic situation. The status of a combined focus of leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the Primorye Territory was studied. It was found that mixed infection may run in pocket mice (Phascogalinae) under natural conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Electrocardiographic abnormalities in leptospirosis.

Electrocardiographic abnormalities occurred in 46 per cent of cases uith leptospirosis. Although the individual changes noted do not appear to be of importance, they indicate that sub-clinical cardiac involvement does occur in a significant proportion of the patients. The abnormalities observed include disorders in cardiac rhythm and changes in the P-QRS-T complexes, probably resulting from direct myocardial involvement or from a changing milieu interior. While serial tracings are indicated in patients with acute renal failure of the oliguric variety, repeated tracings may detect more definitely changing patterns which indicate the presence of cardiac involvement in patients with other presentations of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation].

There have recently substantial changes in the basic parameters of Leptospira infection in the eastern regions. The infection is characterized by a pronounced and steady-state rise in morbidity rates, by its trend for urbanization, by the spread of the disease in recreational areas, by a primary role of dogs as sources of infection, by polymorphism and atypical nature of the clinical picture of Canicola leptospirosis, which make its diagnosis difficult. The anthropurgic foci where dogs and pigs are the main sources of pathogenic leptospiras are of the leading epidemiological significance. The optimum package of measures reducing a risk of human infection is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new methodological approach for leptospira persistence studies in case of mixed leptospirosis].

A new methodical approach for Leptospira persistence studies in case of mixed leptospirosis, based on the use of PCR test systems with different taxonomic specificity for the indication and identification of leptospires, was developed. Two PCR test systems (G and B) were used in experiments on BALB/c white mice to study patterns of the development of mixed infection caused by leptospires of serovar poi (genomospecies L. borgpeterseni) and grippotyphosa (genomospecies L. kirschneri). The conclusion was made of good prospects of this method application in studies on symbiotic relationships of leptospires both in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic value of blood fibrinogen in leptospirosis].

A study was carried out on the value of the presumptive diagnosis of fibrinogenemia in the uncharacteristic forms of leptospirosis, during the first eight days of the disease, in 42 cases, as compared to that of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The results of fibrinogenemia determinations were more suggestive of the diagnosis at the beginning of the disease.

Fibrinogen↗
PubMed1992

[Leptospirosis. A disease with non-specific initial symptoms].

A case of leptospirosis in a young fish-farm worker is described. Early penicillin therapy was initiated solely on the clinical suspicion of the disease. The importance of recognition of the disease is emphasized together with early institution of penicillin therapy and effective eradication of vermin.

Adult↗