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PubMed1972

Vibrio fetus infection in man: a serological test.

Antigen preparations derived from a typical human strain of Vibrio fetus were employed in four tests. Of these, the indirect bacterial hemagglutination test proved most sensitive. By this test, antibodies titering 320 to 3,200 were found in five of eight patients with confirmed infections. Two patients without antibodies were on antimetabolites. Antigenic relationship with other compounds, and in particular with Brucella organisms, was not observed. No sero-reactors were found among 184 apparently healthy young men; of 401 unselected hospital patients, four had low sero-titers.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1969

Transitional forms of Corynebacterium acnes in disease.

A clear-cut triad of sequential Corynebacterium acnes transitional forms from disease has been discovered. This entity includes three major forms which are capable of stabilization in culture, the spherical, the intermediate, and the definitive C. acnes. During conversion or reversion among the three forms, a variety of forms with mixed characteristics was observed. The spherical form was gram-negative and osmotically fragile, but it possessed a vestigial cell wall and mesosomes which excluded it from the L forms. In lieu of the L-form designation, the term "transitional" was adopted for all forms leading up to the definitive C. acnes. Culture of the spherical form was successful only on Mycoplasma-type media. The intermediate form was gram-negative, had mixed spherical and filamentous morphology, and bore a striking resemblance to Streptobacillus moniliformis. Like the spherical form, it was nutritionally exacting. The definitive form of C. acnes was preceded by gram-positive transitional forms of C. acnes morphology. It lacked, however, the carbohydrases and proteinases of C. acnes and susceptibility to C. acnes bacteriophages. Reversion was often blocked at this stage. A series of blood cultures from a patient with endocarditis was studied. Postmortem stain sections of the heart-valve lesion included intracellular masses of gram-negative spherical organisms. Indirect fluorescent antibody staining of these masses was strongly positive with antiserum to the spherical form and weakly positive with antiserum to the intermediate form.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of a latex agglutination test with five other methods for determining the presence of antibody against cytomegalovirus.

A latex agglutination test for determination of antibody against cytomegalovirus was compared with five other methods: a solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay, an indirect hemagglutination test, two solid-phase enzyme immunoassays, and an indirect fluorescent-antibody method, with sera collected from 210 random blood donors. Of the sera tested, 28% were positive for anti-cytomegalovirus by concordance of four or more methods. The latex agglutination test performed well, with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 99%, and positive and negative predictive values of 97 and 100%, respectively. The methods were also evaluated for the number of sera requiring repeat testing, equivocal results after retesting, ease of performance, turnaround time, and technical demands. The tests which best met the requirements for a screening test were the solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay, the indirect hemagglutination test, and the latex agglutination test. The latex agglutination test is a valuable screening tool for detecting total anti-cytomegalovirus which has high sensitivity, high negative predictive value, and rare equivocal results and also has the added advantages of ease of performance and rapid turnaround time.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of commercial serodiagnostic kits for toxoplasmosis.

To evaluate commercially available diagnostic kits for human immunoglobulin G to Toxoplasma gondii, we purchased three enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Cordia-T, Toxo Bio-EnzaBead, and Toxoelisa), two indirect hemagglutination (IHA) (TPM-Test and ToxHAtest), one fluoroimmunoassay (Toxoplasma-G FIAX), and one latex agglutination (Eiken Toxotest-MT) kit from U.S. suppliers. A total of 100 serum specimens, including 27 that were negative (less than 1:16) and 73 that were positive for the various titers in the Toxoplasma indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test, were tested once with each kit; serum samples with discrepant results were retested. Qualitatively, results obtained with the Toxo Bio-EnzaBead EIA, the TMP-Test IHA, and FIAX, and the Toxotest-MT latex agglutination kits agreed exactly with those of IIF. Although all IIF-positive serum samples were detected by the Cordia-T and the Toxoelisa EIAs, four samples determined to be negative by IIF were identified as positive with the Cordia-T kit, and six negative samples by IIF were determined to be positive with the Toxoelisa kit. Results of the ToxoHAtest IHA kit were extremely difficult to read. Quantitatively, the seven kits were difficult to compare because the expression of results was not standardized. Of the four kits that gave positive results in titers, Toxoplasma-G FIAX had the closest agreement with IIF, as determined by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (0.9168), followed by the Eiken Toxotest-MT (0.8293), the Toxo Bio-EnzaBead (0.7553), and the TPM-Test (0.7206) kits.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Rapid presumptive identification of streptococci directly from blood cultures by serologic tests and the L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide reaction.

The value of the Strepslide kit for the rapid presumptive identification of streptococci directly from blood cultures without prior determination of hemolysis patterns was assessed and compared with that of the Streptex and Phadebact streptococcus kits. Studies involved 94 simulated and 60 clinical isolates of 83 streptococci. The Streptex and Strepslide kits had excellent sensitivity and specificity for group A, B, F, and G organisms, and the Phadebact kit had excellent sensitivity and specificity for groups B and G. Group C reactions usually occurred with all of the streptococcus kits with pneumococci and occasionally with alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Although these kits were unacceptable for group C and D organisms, enterococci which were common clinical isolates could be directly identified in blood cultures by a supplementary rapid L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide biochemical test. Direct application of the Phadebact pneumococcus kit to blood cultures was also assessed with 29 isolates of 20 organisms. The specificity was good, but the sensitivity was only 65.5%.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a new latex test and a new enzyme immunoassay for determination of rubella immunity.

A new enzyme immunoassay (Rubenostika; Organon Teknika, Turnhout, Belgium), a new latex agglutination test (Rubalex; Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), and three other accepted methods for the determination of rubella immunity were compared with a standard hemagglutination inhibition assay. Of 224 serum samples tested, 54 (24%) were nonreactive and 24 (11%) were low titered. All procedures were very specific (94 to 100%). Rubenostika was the least sensitive method (88%), and Rubalex was the most sensitive (98%).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1972

A comparison of the TRCII and latex-particle tests for the titration of FR-antigen.

The great convenience of a method using a suspension of antibody-coated latex particles for the titration of fibrinogen-related antigens over the tanned red cell haemaglutination immunoassay (TRCHII test) of Merskey, Lalezari, and Johnson (1969) has been demonstrated. The usefulness of Ca-Ancrod for the defibrination of heparinized plasma is presented here.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of a latex agglutination test with other serological tests for the measurement of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.

One hundred sera from 49 patients with glandular toxoplasmosis were examined by a latex agglutination test, the dye test, an indirect haemagglutination test, and a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antitoxoplasma IgM. The results support previous findings that the dye test, indirect haemagglutination test, and latex agglutination test measure different antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. In early glandular toxoplasmosis, when specific IgM was detected, the titres of both the latex agglutination test and the indirect haemagglutination test were lower than the dye test. Repeat specimens from 11 of the patients showed four cases in which the latex agglutination test titres never exceeded 1/256, whereas both the dye test and the indirect haemagglutination test showed significant titres and specific IgM was detected in every case. We conclude that the latex agglutination test should not be used as a substitute for the dye test in the serological diagnosis of glandular toxoplasmosis. All sera giving a positive latex agglutination test result should be referred for further tests. A combination of the dye test and double antibody sandwich ELISA gives the most reliable serological diagnosis of early glandular toxoplasmosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

Problems with serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infections in heart transplant recipients.

Of the first 128 patients to receive either heart or heart and lung transplants at Papworth Hospital, four developed Toxoplasma gondii infections acquired from the donor heart and two died. Six patients had passively acquired T gondii antibody as a result of blood transfusions around the time of transplantation. Eight patients developed antibodies against T gondii, which were detectable by changes in the latex agglutination test titres but not by those of the dye test. These false positive latex agglutination reactions occurred simultaneously with cytomegalovirus infection and were associated with the IgM serum fraction in the patients' sera. These reactions were not associated with cytomegalovirus specific IgM, Paul-Bunnell antibody, nor detectable rheumatoid factor. These findings emphasise the need for T gondii dye test confirmation of latex agglutination test titre rises in heart transplant recipients.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with other serologic tests in the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi.

Application of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in detection of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in sera of 180 subjects from an endemic area (Bolivia), and 50 subjects from a nonendemic area (U.S.A.) was carried out, and the results were compared to ones obtained with latex agglutination (LA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA). The optimal conditions for CIE were determined to be as follows: barbitone buffer of pH 8.2 and ionic strength 0.05 M was used in the chambers and in preparing the 1% agarose plates. The wells in the plates were 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm apart. Electric current was applied at 500 volts and 25 mA for 60 minutes. T. cruzi antigen (Center for Disease Control) was used in a dilution of 1:2. The sera were studied undiluted. The study population comprised the following groups: LA+ IHA+ (group I); LA+ IHA- (group II); LA- IHA+ (group III); LA- IHA- (group IV); and the control group (group V). Each group was comprised of 50 sera, except for group II which was comprised of only 30 sera. Antibodies were detected by CIE in 94% of sera in group I, 40% in group II, 76% in group III and 6% in group IV. There were no positive reactions in group V. CIE was positive in 74% of sera from the combined LA+ serum groups (I and II), and in 85% of sera from the IHA+ groups (I and III). A good correlation between CIE and the other tests in the LA+ and IHA+ group (I), and the lack of false positive reactions in group V suggest that CIE is a good diagnostic method for detection of T. cruzi antibodies. However, this study showed that IHA is a more sensitive test in epidemiological surveys than CIE. The finding of 6% sera positive by CIE in group IV may indicate a lower specificity of the test.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kinetics of the serological response in the experimental primary hydatid disease of mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus embryophores (author's transl)].

A serological response kinetics study was carried out in CF-1 mice orally infected with Echinococcus granulosus embryophores using immuno-electrophoresis, double diffusion, latex agglutination and passive hemagglutination. Starting from the 76th day after the infection, serum antibodies reach the minimum detectable level by immunoelectrophoresis test. Band number 5, now considered as specific for E. granulosus, was proved to be the first precipitating system exhibited in this test. Double diffusion, latex agglutination and passive hemagglutination tests developed positive results later (125--144 days after infection). Correlation between serologic and anatomo-pathologic findings suggest that hydatid cyst fluid presence in the cysts is necessary for circulating antibodies production.

Animals↗