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PubMed1980

Heterotopic bone formation: a case report.

The authors discuss a rare case of heterotopic bone formation in the ankle of an athletic, 20-year-old Caucasian male. After conservative treatment provided minimal relief of symptoms, resection of the talar neck exostosis and inferior, anterior tibial exostosis was performed by an anterior medial approach. Two months postoperatively, after physical therapy, the patient had no pain or limitation of ankle dorsiflexion. He resumed jogging 1 mile per day and performing strenuous exercises.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[On the significance of combined kinesitherapy for the rehabilitation of ageing people with essential hypertension (author's transl)].

Proceeding from their investigations the authors have formulated the following questions: 1. How do ageing people with essential hypertension tolerate sauna treatment (hyperthermia)? 2. What is the optimum thermal load for effective antihypertensive treatment? 3. What is the optimum interval, i.e. how many sauna baths are recommended per week? 4. Does an anti-hypertensive combination therapy consisting of sauna baths and jogging produce the same or even better results in aged hypertensives than sauna treatment on its own?

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Functional differentiation within the tensor fasciae latae. A telemetered electromyographic analysis of its locomotor roles.

Electromyograms recorded by three or four fine-wire bipolar electrodes inserted along a transverse line across the right tensor fasciae latae of ten normal adults (five men and five women, twenty to thirty-six years old) during a standardized series of exercises and locomotor activities demonstrated different functional roles for the anteromedial and posterolateral fibers of the muscle. Although anatomical dissections in six normal cadavera demonstrated that the force of contraction of the tensor fasciae latae could be transmitted to the knee by the iliotibial tract, the observed activity of this muscle can be explained completely in terms of its action at the hip. The anteromedial fibers have a greater mechanical advantage for hip flexion than do the posterolateral fibers, whereas the posterolateral fibers possess a better mechanical advantage for hip abduction and internal rotation. During walking the anteromedial fibers were electromyographically silent, whereas the posterolateral fibers were active near heel-strike. For all subjects, increased locomotor velocity (during jogging, running, and sprinting) was associated both with increased activity of the anteromedial fibers near toe-off apparently to assist deceleration of extension and acceleration of flexion of the thigh, and with increased activity of the posterolateral fibers at heel-strike.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Extremely obese patients: improvements in exercise tolerance with physical training and weight loss.

The relationship between improvements in exercise tolerance and body weight was determined for 11 extremely obese patients (mean entry weight = 189kg) concomitantly participating in progressive physical training (walking-jogging) and severe caloric restriction (600kcal/day) to induce weight loss as part of a residential multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Two standardized tests (treadmill mile-walk and graded-exhaustive) to quantitatively evaluate exercise performance were administered periodically. Significant weight reductions and improvements in exercise tolerance were observed, with measures of the latter occurring relatively sooner. Correlation coefficients between body weight and performance or physiologic response measures were extremely low, indicating widespread individual responsiveness to training and the probable separateness of training and dietary effects. A moderate inverse correlation was found between body weight and a simple measure of work performance: endurance time to volitional exhaustion (r = -0.45). Training programs of moderate rather than higher intensity, duration, and progression rate were used with this obese group. Such programs can be safely administered and will be well tolerated but therapists should recognize the inability to predict improvements in exercise performance on the basis of the current body weights of individual patients. The major application of results from standardized exercise tests, therefore, resides in direct reinforcement of patient progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Recreational activities of lower extremity amputees: a survey.

This study summarizes a detailed questionnaire evaluation of recreational activities participated in by 100 persons with lower extremity amputations. Additional information was obtained from prosthetists and physical therapists. Approximately 60% of the respondents are active in sports. Younger persons of either sex, who have had amputations for congenital deformities or trauma, are most active. Level of amputation does not appear to be a determining factor as to whether amputees participated or not. The most common recreational activities are fishing and swimming. Sports causing the amputee most discomfort are hunting and jogging. The ability to run and jump is the most difficult to achieve. Reasons for non-participation are pain, embarrassment, insufficient training and lack of organized sports programs for the disabled. Fear of further injury or an overprotective family are not inhibiting factors, nor is cost of the prosthesis. Only a few people wear specifically designed recreational prostheses, and only one-third of the amputees believe that their prosthetist is knowledgeable about recreational prostheses, while 40% feel the prosthetist discouraged their own ideas about prosthetic innovations. Therapists also proved inadequate in their knowledge and efforts at preparing the amputee for recreation. The amputees indicate a need for improved prosthetic design, and believe that insufficient information, both verbal and written, was given to them.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Influence of exercise on serum selenium and peroxide reduction system of racing Standardbreds.

Blood samples were obtained from 45 racing Standardbred horses immediately before and immediately after a training jog at a commercial race track to establish reference values for serum selenium and related values of the peroxide reduction system of racing horses. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum selenium increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas RBC-reduced glutathione decreased significantly (P < 0.01) immediately after exercise. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were not altered by exercise. Serum copper and magnesium were significantly increased (P < 0.01) after exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[National Research Program 1A: health educational interventions in Aarau: examples and detailed concepts].

In order to participate in the production of new ideas for local health campaigns, regular sessions are held with members of the health committee and the project team. These brain-storming sessions are based on problem lists using data of the initial health examination and the experience with health education campaigns accumulated so far in the program. The ideas are operationalized into concepts for health education campaigns: for each campaign, goals have to be stated clearly (attitudinal, behavioral goals), target groups have to be identified, the arguments and the type of media have to be specified and the costs calculated. This paper presents four examples of health education campaigns within the local intervention program in Aarau. For each of the two risk factors "nutrition" and "physical activity", a mass media campaign and a group-oriented campaign is discussed (nutrition: a campaign including fifteen restaurants to promote healthy alternatives to regular menus, groups to lose weight. Physical activity: "the walk around the world", jogging groups). It is concluded that, based on a community intervention model, health education campaigns are feasible and have the potential to reach a large fraction of the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Exercise-induced bronchospasm in children.

Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is common among asthmatic children. After vigorous exercise, about 80 percent of childhood asthmatics develop significant bronchoconstriction. The mechanism is probably related to heat loss from the respiratory tract during exercise. Jogging, soccer and basketball are the activities most often implicated. Adequate bronchodilator therapy can prevent most EIB episodes. Recognition and treatment of EIB will allow full participation in sports.

Asthma↗
PubMed1995

[Acute myocardial infarction during sport].

Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction which occurred during sport were investigated to identify the type of sport, prodromata, situations at the onset of disease, habit of exercise, preceding medical evaluation, coronary risk factors, and coronary angiographic findings. Infarction occurred during golf in 12 patients, bowling in 4, gateball in 4, jogging or running in 5, baseball in 2, and tennis or table tennis in 3. The majority of the patients were playing ball games. Twenty-seven patients were men (90%) and 3 were women (10%). All patients had played the same kind of sport for several years. Twenty-four patients had one or more coronary risk factors, and especially 18 patients smoked cigarettes. Nine patients had experienced anterior chest pain but only two patients had received medical evaluation. Coronary angiography was performed in 25 patients (83.3%), revealing single-vessel disease in 14, two-vessel disease in 6, three-vessel disease in 4, and disease of all left main coronary trunks in 1. The acute episode of infarction occurred mainly in spring or fall. Many patients with acute myocardial infarction occurring during sport participate in sports of low or moderate dynamic and low static exercises which are generally regarded safe. Many patients had enjoyed their sports regularly for a long time. Though many patients had coronary risk factors, only a few had received a medical check before their heart attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Functional rehabilitation for the upper and lower extremity.

Functional rehabilitation is an extension of the traditional elements of physical therapy, the purpose of which is to return the athlete to highly complex movement patterns such as athletics. As well as the traditional elements of physical therapy such as strength and flexibility, the functional rehabilitation program incorporates agility and proprioceptive/kinesthetic training, which enables the athlete to participate at preinjury levels of activity while reducing the risk of recurrent injury. The functional rehabilitation program is designed to progress the athlete from simple activities, such as walking or jogging, to highly complex sport-specific activities that require refined levels of proprioceptive acuity. The final phase of the functional rehabilitation program is determining when the athlete is ready to resume participation in their respective sport. This is a very important and sometimes overlooked component of the functional rehabilitation program. The decision for returning an athlete to participation should be made using objective assessments of function that simulate sport activity whenever possible. Last, return to sport activity should be done gradually. Progression into the sport activity is essential to a full and healthy return to participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of recommended levels of physical activity among women--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1992.

Regular physical activity provides important health benefits for women, including lower risks for coronary heart disease, some cancers, osteoporosis, and other leading causes of death and disability (1-3). Despite such benefits, the proportion of women in the United States reporting regular physical activity has been low (4). Because even moderately intense physical activity has substantial health benefits, public health recommendations for physical activity have been expanded to a broader spectrum of activity, including gardening, walking, and housework in addition to more vigorous aerobic exercise (e.g., jogging) (5,6). To improve estimates of the prevalence of participation in physical activity at levels associated with health benefits among adult women, data about leisure-time physical activity were analyzed from the 1992 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of these analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Physical activity, diet, and health: independent and interactive effects.

Much work on the relationship of exercise level to cardiovascular risk factors has been stimulated by the pioneering epidemiological studies of Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger. At Stanford we have conducted a series of studies since 1973, with the following major findings. Very active middle-aged men and women (compared with sedentary controls) have higher plasma lipoprotein concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lower levels of very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), and often moderately lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Lipoprotein subfractions are also different: higher levels of HDL2 and lower levels of "small" LDL in the active groups. Very active people are leaner and smoke less. All of these characteristics predict lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). A 1-yr trial of jogging in sedentary men suggested that 8-10 miles.wk-1 of running is required for significant HDL changes. Body fat loss correlated positively with distance run, with increase in HDL, and with increase in caloric intake. A 1-yr trial in overweight men showed that fat loss by dieting alone or by exercising alone results in similar elevation of HDL cholesterol. A 1-yr trial in sedentary, overweight men and women losing weight on a hypocaloric low-fat diet showed that addition of regular exercise increases weight loss, improves lipoprotein pattern, and further decreases 12-yr CHD risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Downwind drift and deposition of malathion on human targets from ground ultra-low volume mosquito sprays.

Malathion was sprayed using a truck-mounted ultra-low volume (ULV) aerosol generator. The generator was operated at 41.4 kPa (6 psi) at flow rate of 128 ml (4.3 fl. oz.) per min. Malathion concentrations were measured at selected positions on live, stationary human subjects wearing protective clothing and placed along a transect at right angles to the path of the truck. Two standing subjects were exposed downwind to the malathion spray at 7.6 and 15.2 m. A third subject was exposed while jogging in the same direction as the spray vehicle and 1.5 m from the spray path. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in total amount of malathion deposited on subjects was demonstrated. During the last 4 sprays, average amounts of malathion deposited on ground level at 15.2, 30.4 and 91.2 m were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Malathion dermal residues were compared with the acute LD50 value (4,100 mg/kg) for a 70 kg adult male. Calculated malathion dermal exposures were less than the acute lethal dose for a human subject by 4 orders-of-magnitude or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Overuse damage in modern cross-country skiing].

The skating technique in cross-country skiing has changed the demands on the human body. The purpose of this study was to determine the stress on the locomotor system of young cross-country skiers, and whether overuse injuries result from this sport activity. 51 young cross-country skiers of the Swiss national team were interviewed and examined for problems and overuse injuries of the skeleton. The investigations were repeated yearly during a follow-up time of 3 years. Most of the painful irritations and most overuse injuries were localized in the femoropatellar joint and in the distal Achilles tendon. Orthotics were made in 36 cases (71%). Individual adaptations of training programs, as well as special physical exercises were proposed. The frequency of pain limiting the sport activity was reduced from 62.7% to 21.9% within 3 years. The amount of overuse injuries had also decreased from 66.7% to 32.0%. This may signalize the reversibility of overuse injuries following normalization of loading stress although sport activity continues. In particular, no relation was observed between the frequency of overuse injuries and the new skating technique. However, it was shown that skating and jogging may stress the same structures and thus lead to excessive pronation.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1994

Exercise and the older person.

The enormous pleasure that older people derive from an exercise class to music or from an aquarobics group makes instant converts of any professionals involved in these health promotion activities. Irrefutable evidence now exists to show that regular physical activity slows the rate of decline of most of the physiological parameters that we associate with health and fitness--muscle strength, aerobic capacity, reaction time and joint flexibility. Master athletes at age 60 can perform considerably better than some sedentary men at age 30. The ideal is clearly to maintain a regular regimen of physical activity throughout adult life. It has now been shown that such exercise does not need to be heavy to maintain cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness. Walking and swimming are as good and much safer than jogging provided the regimen entails at least 30 minutes three to four times a week. The evidence is equally strong that sedentary older people can benefit from taking up an exercise program in later life. Significant gains in muscle strength and aerobic capacity can result from gentle exercise programs carried out at least three times a week. Improvements in balance, bone density and psychological health have yet to be confirmed. Exercise and fitness programs for older adults can attract large numbers and achieve high compliance rates if the programs are accessible, affordable and, above all, fun. Men tend to be more interested in monitoring fitness levels while women are satisfied to enjoy themselves and feel better. Older adults can also continue or take up competitive sports provided simple precautions are taken to ensure cardiovascular health and to minimise injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Exercise rehabilitation in coronary heart disease: community group programs.

This paper outlines a suggested protocol for community exercise programs for the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. Information presented is based on more than seven years of experience gained by the Cardio-Pulmonary Research Institute through programs in Seattle, Mercer Island, and Yakima, WA, and in Portland, OR. Participants, referred by their personal physicians, meet three times weekly for individually prescribed group walking-jogging-calisthenic sessions lasting 45 minutes each. More than 900 individuals have participated in the program, which has been shown to be feasible, economical and safe.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Acute apatite podagra with negative birefringent spherulites in the synovial fluid.

We describe a young male patient who presented with acute podagra after jogging activity. He had no underlying pathology. Polarized light microscopy of the synovial fluid from his first metatarsophalangeal joint revealed numerous negative birefringent spherulites about 6 microns in diameter, presenting the typical appearance of Maltese crosses. The molar calcium/phosphorus ratio of these spherulites as determined by X-ray energy dispersive analysis was virtually identical to that of synthetic or pathologic apatite.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

The descriptive epidemiology of selected physical activities and body weight among adults trying to lose weight: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, 1989.

Few population-based studies have described the physical activity patterns of individuals trying to lose weight. We analysed cross-sectional, self-reported data from 6125 men and 12,557 women (> or = 18 years of age) from 40 states who reported in the 1989 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey that they were trying to lose weight. The BRFSS is a state-based telephone survey of non-institutionalized US adults, which utilizes a multi-stage cluster design based on the Waksberg method of random digit dialing. Walking was the most prevalent physical activity (48%), followed by aerobics (8%), gardening (5%), cycling (5%), and running (4%); however, activity choices varied by socio-demographic characteristics. Among both sexes, the prevalence of overweight (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) decreased significantly with increasing level of activity (P < or = 0.001). Regression results showed that among both sexes and in most age groups, those who ran or jogged, performed aerobics, or cycled weighed less (P < or = 0.001) than those who reported no activity--independent of height, race, education, smoking, and caloric restriction. Walking was also associated with lower weight (P < or = 0.001) among persons aged 40 or older. Because walking is highly prevalent among persons in most socio-demographic strata and is accessible and low risk, its relative merits should be stressed in developing interventions for weight loss and maintenance.

Adult↗