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PubMed1979

The fluorescence scanning of microgels stained for glycoproteins with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled concanavalin A.

A technique is presented which allows one to label and quantitate glycoproteins. Small amounts of protein from biological samples (0.5-2.5 microgram for mixtures and less for individual proteins) are separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis on 1-30% polyacrylamide gradient microgels. The gels are stained with Co-omassie Brillant Blue R250 to evaluate relative migration or fixed in 2-propanol/acetic acid and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled concanavalin A. The microgels are then scanned using a fluorescence microscope controlled by a computer, although simpler configurations are possible. Standards of known carbohydrate composition (e.g., glucose oxidase) are used for comparative purposes. Glycoproteins in the order of 5-30 ng protein (or 1-5 ng carbohydrate) can be detected without difficulty. This technique may prove valuable in evaluating glycoproteins when the available material is limited.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Alpha-naphthyl-isothiocyanate-induced cholestasis in the rat: studies of liver plasma membrane enzymes.

Oral administration of a single dose of alpha-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT) to rats produced a conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, maximal at 2 days and which subsided by 7. The activities of 3 liver plasma membrane enzymes, Mg-2+-ATPase, (Na-+-K-+)-ATPase and 5-nucleotidase, and serum bilirubin levels were studied for up to 7 days after treatment. Activities of the 3 enzymes were significantly decreased at 2 days after treatment and returned to normal by 7, thus varying inversely with the degree of hyperbilirubinaemia. Enzyme histochemistry used to demonstrate canalicular localization of Mg-2+-ATPase in sections of whole liver and of isolated plasma membrane pellets showed that the reduction in activity was not a uniform partial loss, but represented a range of reductions in most canaliculi with a few retaining normal staining intensity. The results suggest that after ANIT intoxication there is a membrane lesion which may be responsible for the observed hyperbilirubinaemia due to the failure of secretion of biliary constituents into the canaliculus. However, more direct studies are necessary to determine whether any one of these enzymes is directly involved in the transport of biliary constituents across the bile canalicular membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

A conjugate of cellulase with fluorescein isothiocyanate: a specific stain for cellulose.

A fluorescent technique has been developed for in situ staining of cellulose. The staining agent in conjugate of cellulase and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Application of this agent does not disturb intercellular or intracellular substances. The technique depends on the specific binding of the fluorescent labeled enzyme to its substrate. The stain has been tested on cell-free noncellulose polysaccharides similar to cellulose and does not stain them. The technique has been used to localize cellulose during the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum with results that correspond to previous work using other methods.

Acetobacter↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of melanoma cells in peripheral blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for tyrosinase and MART-1 after mononuclear cell collection with cell preparation tubes: a comparison with the whole blood guanidinium isothiocyanate RNA isolation method.

Melanoma cell detection in peripheral blood by tyrosinase reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is usually performed on RNA isolated from whole blood using a guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC)/phenol extraction method or from Ficoll Hypaque isolated mononuclear cells. The first method contains environmentally harmful reagents, and the second is laborious in the preanalytical steps. Cell preparation tubes (CPTs) are ready-to-use Ficoll Hypaque-based tubes that avoid the time-consuming and critical loading on Ficoll Hypaque. We examined whether CPTs can be used to determine melanoma cell dissemination in peripheral blood. We first investigated whether melanoma cells were retained in the mononuclear cell layer. All six morphologically different melanoma cell lines studied in the spiking experiments were retained in the upper layer. In further experiments, we were able to detect low dilutions of added SK-MEL-28 cells more consistently after nested RT-PCR for tyrosinase or MART-1 in the RNA isolated from mononuclear cells from CPTs than from RNA isolated with the GITC method. In addition, RNA was extracted from paired blood samples from 24 analysable stage III and stage IV melanoma patients and analysed for the presence of tyrosinase and MART-1 RNA using both the CPT/RNeasy and the whole blood/GITC method. The quality of the CPT/RNeasy RNA was better than the RNA isolated from whole blood with GITC/phenol. However, the RT-PCR results were less unequivocal: MART-1 mRNA was more often detected with CPTIRNeasy compared with whole blood/GITC (six versus three), whereas tyrosinase mRNA was found less often in CPT/RNeasy RNA (two versus eight). Taken together these results suggest that the CPT isolation method is suitable for the isolation of mononuclear cells, including melanoma cells.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2004

[The medium effects of fluorescence of eosin-5-isothiocyanate as a luminescent marker].

In this paper, the medium (pH, organic solvent and surfactant) effects on fluorescence of eosin-5-isothiocyanate (eosin-ITC) have been studied in detail. The results show that the pH and polarity of system studied are two great important influence factors on fluorescence of eosin-ITC. The fluorescence intensity of eosin-ITC in weak acidic medium is higher obviously than that of in weak basic medium, but it is sensitive to change of pH, be careful to use. The reaction between surfactant and eosin-ITC shows a good electric selectivity, and the effect of CTMAB on fluorescence of eosin-ITC can be classified as two stages: monomer quenching (below cmc) and micelle sensibilization (above cmc). In the presence of micelle of CTMAB, the fluorescence intensity of eosin-ITC in weak basic medium is even higher than that of in weak acidic medium. In the presence of high organic solvent content, the fluorescence intensity of eosin-ITC is also increased obviously. These properties are available for use.

Eosine Yellowish-(YS)↗
PubMed1979

Facile syntheses of 1,2,4-triazole and s-triazine glycosides from glycosyl isothiocyanates.

Reaction of glycosyl isothiocyanates (la, b or c) with acyl or aroyl hydrazine gave the corresponding glycosyl thiosemicarbazides, and which were treated with Ac2O-H3PO4 to yield 1,2,4-triazole glycosides. Similar treatment of la, b or c with amidino compounds gave glycosylisothiobiurets, followed by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) oxidation to give 1,2,4-triazole glycosides. Treatment of glycosylisothiobiurets with triethyl orthoformate gave the corresponding s-triazine glycosides.

Glycosides↗
PubMed1977

Distribution and fate of alpha-naphthl-isothiocyanate (ANIT) in the organs and body fluids of the rat.

alpha-Naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT) is a well known toxic substance which induces characteristic hepatic lesions. Its distribution in some organs and body fluids was investigated by using spectrophotometry, gas-chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The results indicate that ANIT concentrates in the liver, kidneys and blood but not in the brain, urine and bile. Another five ANIT-like substances have also been examined, but no trace of them has been found in these organs and body fluids. The authors suppose that ANIT is metabolized to an unknown metabolite which is responsible for the toxic action of ANIT. None of the ANIT-like substances examined by us can be indentified with this metabolite.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1981

[Covalent binding of 1-aminoadamantan derivatives to protein antigens using the isothiocyanate and the imidic acid ester procedures. Part 27: Immunosuppressive agent-antigen conjugates (author's transl)].

Because of the described immunosuppressive potency of 1-aminoadamantan, the authors prepared conjugates of N-substituted 1-aminoadamantan derivatives with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine gamma globulin (BGG). To achieve covalent binding of 1-aminoadamantan (1) to HSA and BGG (following the isothiocyanate procedure), 1 was converted to the N-(p-isothiocyanatobenzoyl) derivative of 1-aminoadamantan (4) via the nitro compound (2) and the amino compound (3). The reaction of 4 with HSA and BGG yielded conjugates with thiourea structure. The imidic acid ester hydrochloride (7) and the thioimidic acid ester hydrochloride (11) were prepared from the N-(p-cyanobenzoyl) derivative of 1-aminoadamantan (6) and reacted with HSA and BGG to give conjugates with amidine structure.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1982

Non-H-2-linked genetic control of murine cell-mediated lympholysis to autologous cells modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTC-self).

Spleen cells from mouse strains expressing the H-2b haplotype (C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, C57BL/10J, and C3H.SW) were compared for their ability to generate primary in vitro cytotoxic responses to autologous cells modified with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (FTC-self) or trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) (TNP-self). The resulting hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were assayed on hapten-self Con A blast target cells. Among the four H-2b strains tested, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N were high responders, whereas C57BL/10J and C3H.SW were low responders for CTL generated against FTC-self. Studies using (C57BL/6J x C3H.SW)F1 responding cells and F1 or parenteral-modified stimulating cells indicated that the F1 cells generated cytotoxic activity equivalent to that of the high-responder strain C57BL/6J. Further comparisons of the C57BL/6J and C2H.SW strains indicated that C57BL/6J is a high responder to both FTC-self and TNP-self, whereas C3H.SW is a high responder to TNP-self but a low responder to FTC-self. The results of this study indicate that non-H-2-linked genetic control of CTL response to hapten-self depends not only on the self determinant but also on the foreign antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of immunogenic cells after painting with the contact sensitizers fluorescein isothiocyanate and oxazolone. Different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations.

The distribution of fluorescent cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with the contact sensitizing agent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was investigated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Up to 30% of the cells were fluorescent after 18 h and this decreased thereafter becoming undetectable after 4-5 days. Most of the fluorescent cells were morphologically lymphocytes, theta - ve and adherent to nylon wool. Immunogenicity of these cells was tested by injecting them into the footpads of normal mice and measuring contact sensitivity after 6 days. This was restricted to large cells which represented less than 5% of the white cell population and nearly all of which became fluorescent after skin painting. The large fluorescent cells were a mixture of monocytes and lymphocytes. Most of the lymphocytes had surface immunoglobulin. The immunogenicity was reduced by nylon filtration but was not affected by silica and anti-theta. These results showed that the immunogenicity is not associated with T cells. In contrast, similar immunogenic activity in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with oxazolone is associated with T cells. The results therefore showed that different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations, perhaps in this case becuase of the different water solubilities of FITC and oxazolone. They also suggested that this may cause important differences in antigen presentation, for example in their association with different MHC products.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

H-2-dependent cell-mediated immunity in vivo: delayed-type hypersensitivity and contact sensitization induced by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated cells.

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was found to be a suitable hapten to study cell-mediated immunity in vivo in mice. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) footpad swelling reactions were induced and elicited by injection of FITC-conjugated syngeneic spleen cells, and contact sensitivity (CS) was induced and elicited by skin painting with reactive FITC. Cross-reactive specificity between DTH and CS was demonstrated. Thus, DTH induction with FITC-spleen cells (FITC-SC) also led to the ability to elicit CS; and CS induction by skin painting also led to the ability to elicit DTH with FITC-SC. However, the 2 reactions differed in that the ability to elicit DTH induced by subcutaneous immunization with FITC-SC was evanescent, whereas CS induced by skin painting was long lived. Specificity of these reactions was hapten dependent and additionally required homology at the H-2 locus of the major histocompatibility complex. The H-2 specificity requirement was not evanescent.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Reactions of cyanomethylbenzimidazoles. Part III. Reaction of cyanomethylbenzimidazoles with isocyanates and isothiocyanates.

In the reaction of 2-cyanomethylbenzmidazole and their 1- and 5-methyl derivatives with aromatic isocyanates and isothiocyanates, 23 N-arylamides resp. thioamides of benzimidazolyl-2-alpha-cyanoacetic acid were obtained. The structure of the newly compounds (Table 1) was confirmed by NMR and IR spectra. Some of these shown moderate tuberculostatic activity in vitro.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1998

Some reactions of 2-cyanomethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with isothiocyanates. Antituberculotic activity of the obtained compounds.

Some reactions of 2-cyanomethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with isothiocyanates were carried out. New derivatives of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with different substituents in 2-position and derivatives of the new thiazolo-pyrido-imidazo-pyrimidine ring system were synthesized. Most of the obtained compounds were tested in vitro for their antituberculotic activity.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1998

Stage and organ dependent effects of 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone, ascorbic acid derivatives, n-heptadecane-8-10-dione and phenylethyl isothiocyanate in a rat multiorgan carcinogenesis model.

The effects of 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), 3-O-ethylascorbic acid, 3-O-dodecylcarbomethylascorbic acid and n-heptadecane-8, 10-dione were analyzed in a rat multiorgan carcinogenesis model. Groups of 15 animals were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of diethylnitrosamine and 4 i.p. injections of N-methylnitrosourea as well as N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine in the drinking water during the first 2 weeks. Then 4 subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of dimethylhydrazine and 2,2'-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine were given in the drinking water over the next 2 weeks for initiation. Test compounds were administered during the initiation or post-initiation periods. The dietary dose was 1% except for n-heptadecane-8, 10-dione and PEITC (0.1%). Complete autopsy was performed at the end of experimental week 28. All 5 compounds reduced the number of lung hyperplasia, particularly PEITC when given during the initiation period. In addition, HTHQ lowered the incidence of esophageal hyperplasia in the initiation period, and of small and large intestinal adenomas in the post-initiation period. However, it also enhanced the development of hyperplasia and papilloma in the forestomach and tongue. PEITC lowered the induction of esophageal hyperplasia, kidney atypical tubules and liver glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci when given during the initiation period but enhanced the development of liver GST-P positive foci and urinary bladder tumors in the post-initiation period. Moreover, it induced hyperplasia of the urinary bladder. Our results indicate minor adverse effects for HTHQ in the forestomach and tongue, and demonstrate that PEITC, which inhibits carcinogenesis at the initiation stage in several organs, also exhibits promotion potential in liver and urinary bladder in the post-initiation stage under the present experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

An automated fluorescence protein sequencer using 7-methylthio-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl) isothiocyanate (MTBD-NCS) as an Edman reagent.

An automated fluorescence protein sequencer using 7-methylthio-5-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl) isithiocyanate (MTBD-NCS), a fluorescent Edman reagent, is developed by the modification of a commercial protein sequencer. The generated MTBD-thiohydantoin amino acids fluoresced strongly, whereas the by-products such as MTBD-thiocarbamoyl amino acids and MTBD-carbamoly amino acids did not fluoresce. A few interfering peaks were observed in the chromatogram and amino acid sequence was easily determined. The coupling and cyclization/cleavage reaction conditions and extraction conditions of generated MTBD-thiazolinone amino acids were optimized using an autonalyzer. Finally, the sequence of a synthetic peptide (25 pmol), leucine-enkephalin-Thr-amide, was determined and up to six residues were successively analyzed.

Fluorescent Dyes↗