Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HYPNOTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Hypnotic devices may be more than placebo.

The study attempted to assess the effectiveness of two devices in facilitating the induction of hypnosis in subjects preselected as low in hypnotizability. Undergraduates were exposed to no treatment (control) or one of four combinations of devices during the induction phase of being administered the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form B of Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1959). Analyses revealed only one of the conditions resulted in a significant difference in subjects' realness ratings of hypnotic items and an increase in hypnotizability score. If the effect is more than a chance significance of placebo, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Can devices facilitate a hypnotic induction?

Historically, many devices were believed to have the ability to facilitate a hypnotic induction, but in time such devices proved to have no inherent facilitating properties other than a general placebo effect. To test the efficacy of a device called a "plasma ball" that may facilitate an induction by combining two sensory modalities simultaneously (visual and auditory), 42 college students who scored 6 and below on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) and completed a scale rating the realness of items, were selected for a second session. Participants were matched on hypnotizability scores and randomly assigned to experimental or standard eye fixation induction control condition. Although hypnotizability scores and realness ratings increased significantly from the initial session, use of the device did not produce higher hypnotizability scores or realness ratings in the experimental compared with the control condition. Results indicate that there is still no evidence that one fixation device works better as a target than any other.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Binaural beat induced theta EEG activity and hypnotic susceptibility: contradictory results and technical considerations.

The present study offered a constructive replication of an earlier study which demonstrated significant increases in theta EEG activity following theta binaural beat (BB) entrainment training and significant increases in hypnotic susceptibility. This study improved upon the earlier small-sample, multiple-baseline investigation by employing a larger sample, by utilizing a double-blind, repeated-measures group experimental design, by investigating only low and moderate susceptible participants, and by providing 4 hours of binaural beat training. With these design improvements, results were not supportive of the specific efficacy of the theta binaural beat training employed in this study in either increasing frontal theta EEG activity or in increasing hypnotic susceptibility. Statistical power analyses indicated the theta binaural beat training to be a very low power phenomenon on theta EEG activity. Furthermore, we found no significant relationship between frontal theta power and hypnotizability, although the more hypnotizable participants showed significantly greater increases in hypnotizability than the less hypnotizables. Results are discussed within the context of participant selection and classification factors, technical considerations in the presentation of TBB training, and theta blocking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effect of hypnotic training programs on the academic performance of students.

The main objective of the present study was to empirically verify the effect of hypnotic training programs on the academic performance of students. A pre and posttest design was used. Two experimental and two control groups (total sample N=119) of volunteer second year psychology students at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa comprised the sample. One of the experimental groups was exposed to active alert hypnosis and the other to relaxation hypnosis. One control group was exposed to progressive relaxation, while the other did not receive any intervention. The participants' April grades were used as a pretest, while their June grades served as a posttest. The two hypnotic training programs had a significant effect on the academic achievement of the participants, which was not found in the control groups. Regarding the efficacy of the two programs, however, no significant difference was found.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

Hypnotic imagery rehearsal in the treatment of nightmares: a case report.

This case report discusses a patient who experienced frequent nightmares and chronic low-level anxiety during his 3 1/2 year imprisonment. He developed post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in part because he adamantly insisted that he had been wrongfully incarcerated. The literature supports the use of hypnotic imagery rehearsal for treating nightmares that stem from PTSD. Due to the patient's distrust of others and trauma history, it was uncertain whether hypnotic intervention would be effective. It is of note, there is no indication in the literature that hypnosis has been used with people on parole, let alone individuals who believe they were wrongly accused of committing a crime.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Italian norms for the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C.

This paper presents norms for an Italian translation of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C; Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962). Archival data on hypnosis research subjects recruited over a 10-year period of research on hypnosis were pooled, resulting in an aggregate sample of 356 participants (263 female and 93 male). Score distribution, item difficulty levels, and reliability of the SHSS:C were computed. Of this group, 218 subjects were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility approximately 3 weeks prior to administration of the SHSS:C. The remaining 138 subjects received only the SHSS:C. Results suggest that the Italian version of the SHSS:C is a reliable and valid measure.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Treating adolescent conversion disorders: are hypnotic techniques reusable?

When treating disabling conversion disorders in hospitalized adolescents, clinicians must act to restore function as rapidly as possible. After attempting to rule out physical causes for the symptoms and trying to find persuasive psychological reasons that the patient will accept and use to resolve the condition, the inpatient staff of a multidisciplinary therapeutic milieu must seek additional approaches to the care of these seriously ill individuals. This clinical forum reports the author's experience treating 2 young patients, a 12-year-old girl and a 15-year-old boy, with hypnosis. Therapists of every experience level find hypnotic techniques that work for them in a variety of patients, but are hypnotic techniques really reusable? The author reports what he learned once again.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hypnotic color blindness and performance on the Stroop test.

A suggestion for hypnotic color blindness was investigated by administering a reverse Stroop color-naming task. Prior to the suggestion for color blindness, participants learned associations between color names and shapes. Following the color blindness suggestion, participants were required to name the shapes when they appeared in colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the learned associations. The 18 high hypnotizable participants who passed the suggestion were slower to name (a) shapes in which the color name was incongruent with the color in which it was printed, (b) "unseen" rather than "seen" shapes, and (c) color-incongruent shapes that were printed in the color in which they were "color-blind." These patterns are discussed in terms of potential cognitive and social mechanisms that may mediate responses to hypnotic color blindness.

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed2001

Phenomenological experiences associated with hypnotic susceptibility.

Following the administration of a Hungarian translation of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C), 104 Hungarian subjects completed the Hungarian translation of the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI). Subjects had also been administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) about 1 week to 2 months before the SHSS:C. The pattern of correlations between hypnotizability (as measured by the HGSHS:A and the SHSS:C) and the 5 factors of the PCI was quite similar to that of previous work carried out using the English language versions on subjects in the United States. SHSS:C and HGSHS:A scores correlated significantly with the PCI factors of dissociated control, positive affect, and attention to internal processes factors. In addition, the SHSS:C score correlated significantly with the visual imagery factor, as found in previous work.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Motor imagery during hypnotic arm paralysis in high and low hypnotizable subjects.

Previous research suggests that conversion disordered patients with hand/arm paralysis exhibit slowed reaction times for mental hand-rotation tasks that correspond to their affected arm when the tasks are explicitly instructed and not when they are implicitly cued. Because of the many similarities between hypnotic phenomena and conversion symptoms, the authors tested whether similar motor imagery impairment would occur among normal high hypnotizable subjects when paralysis is suggested. Nine high and 8 low hypnotizable subjects were administered an implicit and an explicit mental hand-rotation task during hypnotically suggested paralysis of the right arm. On the implicit task, there were no significant reaction time (RT) differences between highs and lows. On the explicit task, only highs showed a significantly larger RT increase per degree of rotation with the paralyzed arm, compared to the normal arm. These preliminary findings suggest that the motor imagery impairment observed in conversion paralysis can be induced in highs using hypnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The "big five" and hypnotic suggestibility.

A recent approach to personality measurement argues that the essential personality traits are encompassed by 5 basic factors: openness/intellect, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion. This study used the Big Five Inventory to test the hypothesis that 1 or more of the 5 factors underlie hypnotic suggestibility. No meaningful relationships between hypnotic suggestibility and any of the 5 factors were found.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A Rasch analysis of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C.

The psychometric structure of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) was tested in a Rasch analysis using data from 279 subjects. The Rasch model is the model of choice because it justifies the use of the sum of the item scores as a measure for the underlying construct. Rasch analysis revealed that use of a single sum score (number of suggestions passed) to express hypnotic ability is not sufficiently justified. However, the omission of the mosquito-hallucination and anosmia items (Items 3 and 9) rendered this short 10-item form of the SHSS:C sufficiently compatible with requirements of one-dimensionality, local stochastic independence,and equi-discriminability. Hence, the 10-item form justifies use of a sum score.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed2005

Hypnotic analgesia for chronic pain in persons with disabilities: a case series.

Thirty-three adults with chronic pain and a disability were treated with hypnotic analgesia. Analyses showed significant pre- to posttreatment changes in average pain intensity that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Significant changes were also found in pain unpleasantness and perceived control over pain but not in pain interference or depressive symptoms. Hypnotizability, concentration of treatment (e.g., daily vs. up to weekly), and initial response to treatment were not significantly associated with treatment outcome. However, treatment-outcome expectancy assessed after the first session showed a moderate association with treatment outcome. The findings support the use of hypnotic analgesia for the treatment of pain in persons with disabilities for some patients but not the use of pretreatment measures of hypnotizability or treatment-outcome expectancy for screening patients for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mexican norms for the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C.

Normative data for the Mexican adaptation of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) are presented. Twenty-seven raters administered the scale to 513 Mexican volunteers. Score distribution, item analysis, and reliability of the SHSS:C are presented and compared to other international norming studies. The findings show that the Mexican adaptation of the SHSS:C has psychometric properties essentially comparable to those of the Dutch, German, Italian, and United States reference samples. However, the elevated sample mean suggests Mexicans may have an elevated ability to engage in hypnotic behavior, thus they would likely be especially good candidates for hypnotherapeutic interventions that would better the health options currently available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hypnotically induced emotional numbing: the roles of hypnosis and hypnotizability.

This study investigated the roles of hypnotizability and hypnosis in suggested emotional numbing. Thirty-two high hypnotizable and 32 low hypnotizable participants were administered either a hypnotic or wake induction and were then presented with emotionally distressing and neutral images during a suggestion for emotional numbing or a control condition. Emotional response was indexed through self-report and EMG corrugator-muscle activity. High hypnotizable participants, in both the hypnosis and wake conditions, reported more diminished emotional responses on self-report and EMG corrugator-muscle activity than low hypnotizable participants during the emotional-numbing suggestion. These findings suggest that elevated hypnotic susceptibility, rather than hypnosis, is an important mediator of emotional numbing. The importance of individual differences in emotional numbing is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Bimodality, dimensionality, and the notion of hypnotic types.

The notion of hypnotic types--of qualitative differences in the mechanisms by which people respond to hypnotic suggestions--is examined with respect to the kind of evidence that has traditionally been seen to support it. Bimodality in the distribution of hypnosis scores has been taken as evidence for two "types" of hypnotizability. It is argued that little can be said about the nature of underlying processes from the distribution of raw scores. The relationship of factor analytic results to possible underlying typologies is examined. It is concluded that the present evidence simply does not allow an evaluation of the merits of current typological formulations.

Dissociative Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Subjective scoring for the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

A scale is presented which assesses subjective experiences associated with the test suggestions contained in the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) of Shor and E. Orne (1962). This scale, along with the standard HGSHS:A self-scoring test booklet, was administered to 479 students at the University of Connecticut and 618 students at North Dakota State University, and normative data from these samples are reported. Correlational analyses indicated that the scale was both reliable and valid as a measure of hypnotic responsiveness. It is suggested that it may be useful to supplement behavioral scoring of hypnotizability with subjective scoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The nature of hypnotic performance following administration of the Carleton Skills Training program.

30 low hypnotizable Ss were administered the Carleton Skills Training (CST) program, while 8 were assigned to a practice group. Prior to treatment, an attempt was made to facilitate training by altering the ecological conditions of the laboratory. All Ss were tested immediately after treatment, and trained Ss were retested after 5-7 months. Immediate training gains were large and were comparable in magnitude to those routinely found at Carleton University. In addition, (a) trained Ss responded comparably whether screened once or twice, (b) practice alone did not enhance hypnotic performance, and (c) natural high hypnotizable Ss obtained significantly larger Field Inventory of Hypnotic Depth (Field, 1965) scores than created high hypnotizables. Follow-up scores fell between scores posted at screening and immediately after training. Current findings are interpreted in the context of existing evidence concerning the CST program.

Adolescent↗