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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Quantity, composition, and source of sediment collected in sediment traps along the fringing coral reef off Molokai, Hawaii.

Sediment traps were used to evaluate the frequency, cause, and relative intensity of sediment mobility/resuspension along the fringing coral reef off southern Molokai (February 2000-May 2002). Two storms with high rainfall, floods, and exceptionally high waves resulted in sediment collection rates>1000 times higher than during non-storm periods, primarily because of sediment resuspension by waves. Based on quantity and composition of trapped sediment, floods recharged the reef flat with land-derived sediment, but had a low potential for burying coral on the fore reef when accompanied by high waves. The trapped sediments have low concentrations of anthropogenic metals. The magnetic properties of trapped sediment may provide information about the sources of land-derived sediment reaching the fore reef. The high trapping rate and low sediment cover indicate that coral surfaces on the fore reef are exposed to transient resuspended sediment, and that the traps do not measure net sediment accumulation on the reef surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Morphological observations of diarrhea in mice caused by aplysiatoxin, the causative agent of the red alga Gracilaria coronopifolia poisoning in Hawaii.

Diarrhea caused by the red alga Gracilaria coronopifolia poisoning was investigated in mice. The target site of a lethal dose was the whole small intestine where the toxin caused bleeding, resulting in hemorrhagic shock. With a sublethal dose, diarrhea appeared about 4.5 h after i.p. injection and continued for about 4 h intermittently. The site of diarrhea was the large intestine, where the submucosa first accumulated fluid from edema. Then the fluid moved into the lamina propria, the surface epithelial cells were broken and the fluid flowed into the lumen. Finally, diarrheic components apparently originating from capillaries were secreted directly into the lumen. The cecum was the main target of the diarrhea. After the diarrhea ended, the number of goblet cells was increased remarkably and many fine cracks were left on the surface of the epithelium.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Case-control study of diet and other risk factors for gastric cancer in Hawaii (United States).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of diet and other factors with gastric adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach. METHODS: Three hundred cases and 446 population-based controls were interviewed with a quantitative, food frequency questionnaire, which listed over 250 foods. The questionnaire also included information on smoking history, alcohol intake, education, medical history, medication use, and a family history of cancer. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking, family history of gastric cancer and personal history of gastric ulcer were positively associated with gastric cancer, while education and past use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were inversely related to risk. The consumption of all vegetables, mainly dark green, light green, and yellow vegetables, reduced risk. Many of these vegetables contain beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E or folate, which were also inversely related to gastric cancer risk. When these nutrients were analyzed simultaneously, the inverse association was mainly with beta-carotene. The intake of processed meats and bacon was positively associated with gastric cancer risk, but primarily in men. When we simultaneously adjusted these meats for the intake of the different vegetables, the association was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide additional support that the consumption of dark green and yellow vegetables are protective against adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗