Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Goiter”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The clonal origin of thyroid nodules in euthyroid nodular goiter.

Prevalence of euthyroid nodular goiter varies widely according to the endemia of the region studied. The goiter hyperplasia under goitrogenic stimuli progresses in the formation of nodules. Presently the pathophysiology of the thyroid nodules' formation in euthyroid nodular goiter is unknown. The A. reviews the two current hypothesis on the clonal origin of thyroid nodules. According to one hypothesis the nodule issues as the result of a coordinated replication of a cluster of follicles with an increased growth potential. According to the second hypothesis the formation of new follicles during goitrogenesis is due to a sprouting of one or a few cells from the follicles shell; nodules formation is the result of post-necrotic fibrosis and uneven growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Role of total thyroidectomy in the treatment of multinodular goiter].

Although it may seem to be excessive, total thyroidectomy has recently been advocated by several authors for the treatment of diffuse multiheteronodular goiters. As a complement to a recent study on the thyroid function following thyroidectomy for benign goiters, the authors specify the role of this surgical technique, which had been reserved for the sole thyroid neoplasms for a long time. On the occasion of the presentation of a series of 75 cases gathered from 1989 to 1990, the justification of glandular resection is based on the publication of new pathogenetic data and on the absence of any increase in morbidity, subject to precise indications and to a strict technique aimed at preserving recurrents and locating the parathyroid glands while maintaining their vasculature. When aimed at reducing the frequency of recurrence of euthyroid and toxic diffuse multinodular goiters, total thyroidectomy might also contribute in reducing the morbidity of second surgery, at the expense of a permanent substitution therapy. While the choice of its indications must remain eclecty, thelong-term consequences of initial surgery with too restricted glandular exeresis must be recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Thyroid hormone profiles in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects seen in an endemic goiter area of the Central African Republic].

In the present study T3, T4, TSH serum concentrations were measured in 166 subjects whose goiter grading was ascertained according to WHO classification; 39 of them had no goiter (grading 0), 127 were goitrous with a grading comprised between 1a and 4. The two samples were composed by Males and Females of various ages whose choice was strictly predetermined by random numbers. The median ages of 127 goitrous and 39 non goitrous subjects were respectively 23.5 years and 33.5 years; 30 Males and 5 Females were in the first group; 58 Males and 69 Females in the second. They lived in the Ouham region of Centro African Republic where some of the Authors ascertained a severe goiter endemia due to iodine deficiency and manioc consumption as staple food. All the values of T4 and TSH of the two group of subjects, were significantly different from the control values (p less than 0.01) excepting T3. Goitrous subjects had T4 value lower than non goitrous subjects (p less than 0.05). The subjects of each group were distributed in the four subsequent subgroups: A) with T3, T4, TSH in the normal range; B) with elevated TSH and T3 and T4 in normal range; C) with elevated TSH, subnormal T4, and T3 in normal range; D) with elevated TSH and subnormal T3 and T4. From fig. 1 it can be seen that the 79.5% of goitrous subjects had a supranormal TSH (subgroups B + C + D) and 40.7% of them had a subnormal T4 (subgroups C + D).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of the thyroid gland in goitered coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

Thyroid tissues in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) goiters showed marked regional variation in structure and ultrastructure. For the most part the follicles were small, were composed of tall epithelial cells, and contained little or no colloid material. The follicle epithelial cells were essentially similar in fine structure to hyperactive thyroids in mammals and one type of follicle in congenital goiters in humans. A second type of follicle, present in human goiters, was not found in coho salmon. The follicle cells in coho salmon contained dense bodies similar to lysosomes in other species, together with larger organelles which could be colloid droplets. There was also an extensive system of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and large areas of Golgi membranes. A marked feature was the presence of homogeneous belectron-dense material in the intercellular spaces between adjacent follicle cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Goiter and hypothyroidism during re-treatment with amiodarone in a patient who previously experienced amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.

A 55-year-old woman who had been receiving treatment with amiodarone for recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias became thyrotoxic after 30 months of treatment. The thyroid gland was not enlarged or tender. Amiodarone was discontinued, and thyrotoxicosis gradually abated. A thyroid scan performed at that time revealed a gland of normal size and texture. Six months later, amiodarone treatment was reinstated due to life-threatening tachyarrhythmia; however, the patient remained euthyroid. Three years later, multinodular goiter began to develop, and 5 years after that, the patient became hypothyroid. Tests for thyroid autoantibodies, as well as inhibitory and stimulatory antibodies, were negative, and fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed an adenomatous goiter. Treatment with amiodarone was continued; however, therapy with L-thyroxin was initiated, followed by a complete regression of the goiter. The patient has since required a maintenance dose of L-thyroxin. The possible mechanisms by which iodine-containing drugs induce thyroid disfunction are reviewed, suggesting this case was caused by an alteration in the sensitivity of the intrinsic autoregulation of the thyroid gland to iodine.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1990

[Status of natural immunity and the ways of its enhancement in patients with goiter].

Disease caused by goiter is marked by changes in cellular and humoral unspecific resistance before and after operation, which at times is of decisive importance in the course of the postoperative period. Natural resistance is inhibited, to a greater measure, in patients with a long history of the disease and in those with diffuse toxic goiter. The work deals with the study of natural resistance in 98 patients with goiter before and after the operation in dynamics. The immunostimulator lysozyme was used for a more favourable course of the postoperative period. This promoted increase of the organism's natural resistance. which had a favourable effect on the course of the postoperative period.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Value of investigation tests in thoracic goiters].

Two groups of substernal goiters should be considered fist; the "simples" ones localised in the anterior and superior part of the mediastin. They are most common and less dangerous. By opposition to the "complexes" ones which have relation with the vessels, the airways and the digestive tube. That surgeons would like to approach with security. The study of those retrosternal goiters requires two categories of complementary examinations. One for diagnosis: X Ray standard of the neck and the chest; Echography Biopsy and Radioactive Iodine scintigraphy. Others for localisations to prevent the risks, particularly vascular seeing in the surgery of the substernal goiters: TDM and IRM.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

[Nodular goiter recurrent after surgery. A study of its pathogenesis and incidence].

We analyzed 33 patients with recurring nodular goiter (from a population of 2,500 operated patients). Recurrence occurred 0.7 to 12 years after surgery. T4, T3, TSH, perchlorate and TRH tests were performed in 18. Results were similar to those in 13 operated patients without recurrence. Administration of thyroid hormone did not influence recurrence. Seven patients with recurring goiter were re-operated on; an encapsulated follicular cancer was found in one. Our results suggest that recurrence of nodular goiter after surgery is not prevented by routine use of thyroid hormone.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

[Fetal goiter: detection and echographic follow-up].

Ultrasonography of the neck in a 28 week-old fetus suggested the presence of a goiter. Since sonographic evaluation of epiphyseal ossification centers showed no delayed bone maturation, the fetus was considered to have an euthyroid goiter, that allowed amniocentesis to be performed. The fetus was sonographically followed from 32 to 36 weeks: the development was normal. At birth, hormonal tests confirmed an euthyroid goiter. The authors consider that bone maturation should be monitored in utero especially when a thyroid dysfunction is suspected, in order to detect severe disease and to prompt treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Normalization of the functional regulation of the thyroid as a criterion of the remission of diffuse toxic goiter following antithyroid treatment].

Triiodothyronine test was applied to 72 patients with toxic goiter treated with antithyroid drugs to reveal whether the regulation of thyroid function was normal. During a one-year observation period the patients underwent check-ups every third month, then during three years the examination was performed every half a year. A final examination was 10 years after the treatment. In the process of treatment the regulation of thyroid function recovered in 44 (68.7%) out of 64 patients, but further the relapse of goiter was recorded in 10 of them. Among 20 patients whose regulation of thyroid function failed to be normalized after a 18-months treatment the relapse was noted in 17 patients (85%). 27 patients (42.2%) had a relapse ten years after the exposure. The lack of normal regulation of thyroid function revealed with T3 test permits the relapse of toxic goiter to be predicted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of various beta-adrenolytic drugs on heart rate and changes in left-ventricular systolic time intervals in patients with hyperthyroidism and simple goiter].

The effects of a short-term application of various beta-adrenolytic drugs on heart rate and on the changes in subperiods of left ventricle contraction have been studied in 71 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism and in 72 patients with simple goiter. The following drugs were used: propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, pindolol, nadolol and acebutolol. It was found that those betaadrenolytic drugs which have no sympathomimetic action cause a significant decrease in heart rate both in patients with hyperthyroidism and in those with simple goiter. The effect of these drugs on heart rate was not related to the changes in blood serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. None of the drugs tested influenced appreciably the contraction subperiods of left heart ventricle, both in the patients with hyperthyroidism and in those with simple goiter.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[Therapeutic strategy for adenomatous goiter from the viewpoint of postoperative outcome and epidermal growth factor receptor study].

Adenomatous goiter (AG) is regarded as a benign tumor-like lesion. In the present study, both the postoperative outcome and the localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) were investigated to determine proper therapeutic modalities for AG. In this series, 377 surgical patients were studied. Immunohistochemical observation was carried out according to the ABC procedure. Results were as follows: 1) among the all 377 patients, primary cases were 343 and the remainder, 34 cases (9%), recurrent, 2) majority of the 34 recurrent patients showed multinodular goiter type occupying one whole lobe or both sides. Initial surgical strategy for these cases was only enucleation of the all nodules confirmed macroscopically, 3) coexistence of cancer in AG was observed in 18 cases (5%). Seventeen out of them were latent carcinomas found in the multinodular goiter, and 4) those multinodular patients associated with latent carcinoma revealed presence of EGF-R not only in the malignant lesions but also in the hyperplastic parts. These observations suggest that surgical treatment should be considered for multinodular AG patients. In addition, near-total lobectomy of the diseased side might be recommended as an operative procedure because of the prevention of postoperative recurrence and complications.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Bilateral phrenic nerve palsy associated with benign thyroid goiter.

Phrenic nerve palsy secondary to benign thyroid enlargement is a previously unreported complication. Large goiters, particularly substernal, may impinge upon adjacent structures, often leading to significant symptoms such as dysphagia or dyspnea due to airway compression. The phrenic nerve may be stretched by a large goiter along its course in the neck, but the more likely site of injury is the point at which it enters the thoracic cavity adjacent to the first rib. Such an injury, caused by compression, may go unrecognized if unilateral, as symptoms would be uncommon. However, bilateral phrenic nerve palsy can cause significant dyspnea due to pulmonary insufficiency, particularly in an elderly patient with cardio-pulmonary disease. Early operative treatment of the goiter may prevent this complication or limit its severity, thus avoiding permanent nerve injury.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphotypes of serum crystallograms and various indices of glycoprotein metabolism in patients with toxic goiter].

Crystallographic investigation of the blood serum of 65 patients and 20 healthy persons aged 20 to 45 was conducted to observe the content of carbohydrate components of glycoproteins in toxic goiter over time and to study the content of seromucoid and sialic acids. Crystallograms were obtained by placing a drop of blood serum between two isotropic plates and dried under controlled conditions for 12 h. The obtained specimen was investigated microscopically in transmitted and polarized light. N-acetylneuraminic acid was used. The data obtained indicated the heterogeneity of micromorphotypes of crystallograms of patients with toxic goiter which formed individual macromorphotypes according to the gravity of disease. Crystallography of the blood serum can be used as an adjuvant method to control glycoprotein metabolic derangements and as a diagnostic method for toxic goiter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parathormone and calcitonin secretion in endemic goiter.

The investigations performed on 160 females of adult age with goiter and clinical signs of spasmophilia followed up the serum and urinary calcium and magnesium. The calcitonin and parathormone circulating levels were also determined. Although the levels of serum and urinary calcium and magnesium appear normal in adult subjects with simple goiter, decreased levels of the circulating parathormone were confirmed in most cases. The values of circulating calcitonin were within normal limits. The moderate hypoparathyroidism noted is an indication of the possible association of "parathyroid dystrophy" with endemic goiter.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hyperthyroidism caused by a toxic intrathoracic goiter with a normal-sized cervical thyroid gland.

The rare presentation of hyperthyroidism caused by an intrathoracic goiter with a normal-sized cervical thyroid gland is described. The toxic intrathoracic goiter demonstrated avid uptake of [131I] and [99mTc]pertechnetate, with comparatively faint isotopic accumulation seen in the cervical thyroid. A chest roentgenogram and radioisotope scan should be mandatory in cases of hyperthyroidism having no cervical thyroid enlargement to explore the possibility of a toxic intrathoracic goiter.

Female↗
PubMed1988

[Intrathoracic goiter in the posterior mediastinum].

Several examination methods are now available for diagnosis of intrathoracic goiter; diagnosis of suspicion is made by conventional plain radiography of the thorax, clinical findings being often normal or non-characteristic. If the iodine scintigram shows accumulation in the tumor, we can be practically sure of the diagnosis of an intrathoracic goiter. In case of a negative iodine scan we can obtain pointers to the nature of the tissue via CT or MR, especially if a connection between cervical thyroid tissue and intrathoracic mass can be demonstrated. Furthermore, these two methods (CT and MR) enable exact determination of the extension of the goiter and show the topographical relation to the neighbouring organs or their displacement.

Goiter, Substernal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Goiter in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).

Goiter in a 2-year-old male cockatiel with respiratory distress was characterized by bilateral enlargement of the thyroid glands. Microscopic lesions included features of both hyperplastic goiter and colloid goiter. There also was localized hemosiderosis due to hemorrhage in subcapsular space and in thyroid follicle lumens.

Animals↗