Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EPONYMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Gustav Simon (1824-1876): Simonart (s)(z) of the band?

Gustav Simon was the first to describe how, in a bilateral hare lip, the premaxilla would move backwards when the clefts were closed. The reference invariably given for this is wrong. The "bands" which Simon Arzt created to bridge the clefts and pull back the premaxilla are almost certainly the origin of the term "Simonart's(s')(z') band.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cotard's delusion or syndrome?: a conceptual history.

This report offers an account of the historical construction of Cotard's syndrome showing that by délire des négations the French author meant a subtype of depressive illness. Subsequent debate led first to the belief that it was just a collection of symptoms associated with agitated depression (anxious melancholia) or general paralysis, and later to the view that it might after all constitute a separate entity. At the present moment, and impervious to the fact that the French term délire means far more than "delusion," some authors use Cotard's syndrome to refer to the belief of being dead and suggest that such a delusion might have a specific brain location. From the clinical and evolutionary perspective, it is unclear why a delusion should merit, simply because of its "nihilistic" content, a special brain location or presage chronicity. It is suggested here that before neurobiologic speculation starts, efforts should be made to map out the clinical features and correlations of the délire des négations.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1995

Pediatric surgery between 1860 and 1900.

The twentieth century begins the modern era of pediatric surgery, a time of innovation and vastly improved operative survival. Until then, many correctable congenital anomalies had been described in case reports only as medical curiosities, seemingly having no chance for surgical cure, but the challenge was available to those wishing to accept. The first texts devoted to surgical diseases of infancy and childhood were descriptive, emphasizing visible and palpable lesions, tuberculosis, musculoskeletal deformity, and major trauma, but also recognized that "surgical diseases of children by their number, their variety, and their character must, we think, be studied in a special manner and demand a special chapter in surgical books." The construction of Children's Hospitals during the nineteenth century identified the need to provide special facilities for children. Surgical antisepsis was practiced and general anesthesia used. Physicians such as Hirschsprung recognized a wide spectrum of treatable surgical conditions that would soon become the domain of pediatric surgeons. Indeed, at that moment in time at the very beginning of the twentieth century, Roentgen discovered the x-ray, Ladd received his MD degree at Harvard, the first pediatric appendectomies for appendicitis were successfully performed, and Fredet and Ramstedt recognized that pyloroplasty was not the preferred treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Modern pediatric surgery had passed from embryo to fetus to newborn.

Denmark↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corneal dystrophies. I. Dystrophies of the epithelium, Bowman's layer and stroma.

Most corneal dystrophies are autosomal dominant, bilateral disorders that primarily affect one layer of an otherwise normal cornea, progress slowly after their appearance in the first or second decade, and are not associated with a systemic disease. Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy are seen commonly by the general ophthalmologist; fleck, posterior polymorphous, granular or lattice dystrophies are seen more rarely, and others may never be seen in general office practice. While the distinctive clinical appearance of most corneal dystrophies allows accurate diagnosis, the integration of slitlamp findings with histopathologic and biochemical findings aids in the understanding of the clinical observations and provides a more rational basis for therapy. Transmission electtron microscopy is the most accurate method of histopathologic diagnosis. Epithelial dystrophies usually manifest intraepithelial cysts and abnormal basement membrane. In stromal dystrophies, an abnormal substance accumulates within the keratocytes or among the collagen fibrils; it may be an excess normal metabolite (like glycosaminoglycans in macular dystrophy), a material not usually present (like amyloid in lattice dystrophy), or a substance of unknown composition (like hyaline in granular dystrophy). Each dystrophy is illustrated with a composite drawing. Endothelial dystrophies will be reviewed separately in a second article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Dietl's crises.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

Takayasu arteritis--five doctors in the history of Takayasu arteritis.

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic vasculitis mainly involving the aorta, its main branches, pulmonary and coronary arteries. Recent international survey has made clear different sex ratio, different involvement and different clinical manifestations among countries. At the same time, ethnic distribution of this morbid condition has focused on the role of genetic factors and the mechanisms inducing vasculitis. In this paper, five doctors who contributed in history to the elucidation of Takayasu arteritis were introduced as an aid in understanding recent studies on this morbid condition.

Eponyms↗
PubMed1995

Filippo Pacini: a determined observer.

The life of Filippo Pacini (1812-1883) and his major scientific achievements are outlined. Pacini drew attention to the corpuscles named after him in 1831, when he was a medical student, and had to struggle for many years to convince the scientific community of the reliability and importance of his findings. In 1849 Pacini became professor of anatomy at the University of Florence. Creative scientist, innovative teacher, well aware that the use of the microscope represented a revolutionary approach, Pacini pursued histological studies until his death. He also first discovered in 1854 (30 years before Robert Koch) the causative agent of cholera, and firmly believed that the disease was contagious. Strong-willed, modest, and poor, Pacini received from his colleagues more recognition in the obituaries than during his life.

Eponyms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Claude Beck: cardiac compression triads.

Claude Beck described two triads of clinical findings which he found constituted the essential components of acute and chronic cardiac tamponade. The first of these triads consisted of hypotension, an increased venous pressure, and a quiet heart. It has come to be recognized as "Beck's triad," a collection of findings most commonly produced by acute intrapericardial hemorrhage. Subsequent studies have shown that these classic findings are observed in only a minority of patients with cardiac tamponade. However, Beck deserves credit for presenting a physiologic basis for the signs of cardiac compression.

Cardiac Tamponade↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moritz Kaposi: idiopathic pigmented sarcoma of the skin.

Moritz Kaposi first published a description of the entity that bears his name in 1872, calling it "idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin." For many years thereafter, Kaposi's sarcoma was considered to be a relatively rare, slow-growing malignancy, most commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly men. This changed in 1981, with Alvin Friedman-Kein's report of what eventually proved to be HIV-associated (epidemic) Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is now one of the diagnostic markers of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as well as the most common neoplastic complication of that disease. HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma tends to disseminate widely to mucous membranes and the viscera. Almost all of the cases reported in the United States have occurred in homosexual and bisexual men, and a number of hypotheses have been suggested to explain this association. Over the past several years, however, the incidence of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma has declined, and the reasons for this are also uncertain.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percivall Pott: tuberculous spondylitis.

Tuberculous spondylitis, also known as Pott's disease, is an entity that produces a characteristic kyphotic deformity, and was described by Sir Percivall Pott in 1779 and 1782. The majority of his patients were infants and young children. Although the incidence of tuberculosis in the industrialized world has since declined dramatically, the number of cases of extrapulmonary disease, though small, has remained relatively unchanged. In developing countries, spondylitis is still generally a disease of children, but in Europe and North America, it more commonly involves older adults. Pott's spondylitis represents a reactivation of latent disease, frequently years after the initial infection. Clinical findings include complaints of back pain and symptoms of fever, chills, weight loss, malaise, and fatigue. Characteristically a late finding, paraplegia is occasionally the initial indicator of spinal involvement. There is an average delay of a year between the onset of symptoms and patient presentation. Plain spinal radiographs usually are the initial diagnostic modality utilized. Computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to further define the process. The differential diagnosis includes neoplasm, pyogenic or disseminated fungal infection, and sarcoid arthritis.

England↗