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PubMed2005

Perforated tubular duplication of the transverse colon: a rare cause of meconium peritonitis with prenatal diagnosis.

The transverse colon is an exceptional location of intestinal duplication. Perforated duplications are rarely described in neonates. Meconium peritonitis (MP) can originate from prenatal perforated intestinal duplication. The authors report a case of a baby girl with prenatal diagnosis of MP. Rapid worsening of clinical aspects at birth and the presence of a pneumoperitoneum on systematic abdominal plain radiographs led to urgent surgery on the 1st day of life. Laparotomy showed a perforated necrotizing tubular duplication of the transverse colon. Removal of the duplication followed by limited segmental colonic resection and double colostomy were carried out. Follow-up was uneventful.

Colon↗
PubMed2003

Adenocarcinoma arising in a tubular duplication of the jejunum.

To our knowledge, only five cases of malignant changes in small-bowel duplication have been reported previously in the English-language literature, and these were found only in ileal duplications. We describe a unique case of adenocarcinoma arising in a tubular duplication of the jejunum; this is the oldest patients in whom malignant tumor of alimentary tract duplication has been reported. A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography showed two abdominal masses; one, about 5 cm in size, was observed in the upper abdomen, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the other, which was a well-demarcated heterogeneous mass, was revealed in the lower abdomen. Laparotomy revealed the mass in the upper abdomen involved the SMA and transverse colon, while the mass in the lower abdomen was of white globular form, ping-pong ball size, in the jejunal serosa approximately 40 cm on the anal side from Treiz's ligament. Transverse colostomy and a partial jejunectomy were performed, and the tumor was resected. Histologically, the diagnosis was adenocarcinoma arising in a tubular duplication of the jejunum. The patient died of necrosis and perforation of the intestine due to obstruction of the SMA 7 months after the surgery. Autopsy revealed that the upper abdominal mass consisted of metastatic foci associated with the lymph node of the SMA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Ileal duplication presenting as perforation: report of a case.

We describe herein the case of a 10-year-old boy in whom generalized peritonitis was caused by perforation of a tubular communicating ileal duplication cyst. Alimentary tract duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations, found primarily in children under the age of 15 years. The perforation was caused by heterotopic gastric mucosa within the duplication, giving rise to peptic ulceration in the adjacent intestinal mucosa. The presence of heterotopic gastric tissue is a primary cause of perforation that has been reported in as many as one third of patients with small intestine duplications; however, the detection of such ectopic tissue is time-consuming, and there is no readily available method of diagnosing tubular duplications. Although very few patients present with peritonitis as the initial manifestation, the possibility should be borne in mind when diagnosing and planning therapy for such emergencies, particularly in children.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Interaction of the duplicated segment carried by Clostridium thermocellum cellulases with cellulosome components.

The function of the non-catalytic, duplicated segment found in C. thermocellum cellulases was investigated. Rabbit antibodies reacting with the duplicated segment of endoglucanase CelD cross-reacted with a variety of cellulosome components ranging between 50 and 100 kDa. 125I-labeled forms of CelD and of xylanase XynZ carrying the duplicated segment bound to a set of cellulosome proteins ranging between 66 and 250 kDa, particularly to the 250 kDa SL (or S1) subunit. 125I-labeled forms of CelD and XynZ devoid of the duplicated segment failed to bind to any cellulosome protein. The duplicated segment appears thus to serve to anchor the various cellulosome subunits to the complex by binding to SL, which may be a scaffolding element of the cellulosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Dimensional accuracy of duplicate dentures prepared by different methods.

The production of a duplicate denture demands a high degree of perfection to maintain dimensional accuracy of the duplicate denture. Duplicate dentures were made by four methods in order to investigate the dimensional accuracy in relation to a master denture. Replicas made from modeling wax (all-wax replica or acrylic resin base-wax teeth replica) demonstrated better dimensional accuracy compared with the all-acrylic resin replicas. It is well known that modeling wax used alone as a temporary denture base is an unsatisfactory material. The inherent shortcomings of the material may be overcome if dentists and patients make their assessment of the duplicate as quickly as possible in the mouth. The other alternative may be the production of a duplicate denture with an acrylic resin base and modeling wax teeth.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1981

Duplication of dental xeroradiographs.

This study investigates the duplication of dental xeroradiographs using duplicating (copy) film, Polaroid photography, and Xerox photocopying. Quantitative studies of the image quality of duplicated images demonstrate similar image degradation with duplication film and Polaroid photography and gross degradation with a Xerox photocopier. Subjective diagnostic assessments by general dentists and dental specialists indicated that copies made with the use of duplication film or Polaroid photography were adequate for the reproduction of dental xeroradiographs, whereas Xerox paper copying was unacceptably poor.

Copying Processes↗
PubMed1981

Visual urethrotomy in management of male urethral duplication.

Anatomically, three types of urethral duplication have been described: Type I or complete urethral duplication, Type II which includes multiple variations of bifid urethra, and Type III, those urethral duplications with a perineal opening. A new, simplified approach to the management of some Type II urethral duplications is described, using the pediatric cold-knife visual urethrotome. This technique provides a maximally patent urethra, while removing the site of chronic refractory infection, and minimizing both morbidity and patient hospitalization. Alternatives for treatment of Type I and Type III urethral duplications also are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Duplication mitosis in epithelio-glandular tissue.

As duplication mitosis occurs in epithelio-glandular tissue, a different concept of histological continuity and organization of this tissue is needed. In epithelio-glandular tissue, duplication mitosis play a role in histological continuity, while maturation mitosis leads to histological organization. Duplication mitosis reproduces stem cells for the cell turnover process. The life-span of the cell copies is limited to a certain period by maturation mitosis. Conservation of duplication mitosis and its alteration to maturation mitosis are regulated by a histological mechanism in the gland crypt, involving duplication and maturation factors. The result is that epithelio-glandular tissue is maintained within a prescribed physiological volume without excessive multiplication.

Endocrine Glands↗
PubMed1991

Duplication in chromosome 17p11.2 in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1a (CMT 1a). The HMSN Collaborative Research Group.

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN I) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMT 1) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of distal limb muscles. In the majority of HMSN I families, linkage studies localized the gene (CMT 1a) to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17. We have detected with probe pVAW409R3 (D17S122) localized in 17p11.2 a duplication, co-segregating with the disease in 12 HMSN I families. In these families the duplication was present in all 128 patients but absent in the 84 unaffected and 44 married-in individuals (lod score of 58.44 at zero recombination). Further, on one HMSN I family the disease newly appeared simultaneously with a de novo duplication originating from an unequal crossing-over event at meiosis. Since different allelic combinations were found segregating with the duplication in different families linkage disequilibrium was not a significant factor. These findings led us to propose that the duplication in 17p11.2 itself is the disease causing mutation in all the HMSN I families analyzed.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed2005

The utility and the safety of EUS-guided FNA in the evaluation of duplication cysts.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of a foregut duplication cyst is of great clinical impact. A definitive diagnosis of a foregut duplication cyst can avert the need for major thoracic surgery in the otherwise asymptomatic individual. This study sought to evaluate the safety and the utility of EUS and EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis of foregut duplication cysts. METHODS: Over a period of 4 years, 4771 patients underwent EUS for various indications at two EUS referral centers. EUS findings were consistent with a mediastinal cyst in 30 cases. EUS-FNA was performed in 22 patients. A definitive diagnosis was established based on cytology, surgical pathology, and/or clinical follow-up. FNA was done with 22-gauge needles and antibiotic prophylaxis. RESULTS: The appearance of cyst contents on EUS ranged from completely anechoic (23 cases) to hypoechoic (7 cases). Hypoechoic cystic lesions contained echogenic foci. All anechoic lesions were confirmed as benign duplication cysts based on cytology, pathology, and clinical follow-up. Hypoechoic cystic lesions were confirmed to be benign duplication cysts in 4 cases. Three cases proved to be malignant or granulomatous necrotizing lymph nodes. No periprocedural complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Variation exists in the EUS appearance of benign mediastinal cysts. EUS-FNA of mediastinal cysts with smaller-gauge needles, and antibiotic prophylaxis appears safe and can provide a definitive diagnosis in atypical mediastinal cystic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Isolated cervical esophageal duplication: a rarity.

Duplication of alimentary canal is a well-known entity seen commonly in the abdomen and the thorax. Esophageal duplications are the second most common ones after the ideal duplications, but those in the neck are rarer-only 8 cases have been seen earlier. Cervical esophageal duplication in its isolated form causing torticollis and other chronic pressure symptoms has not been reported previously. Here, the authors present a 3-year-old male patient who had cystic duplication of the esophagus in the neck associated with the cervical vertebral defect and Horner syndrome. The authors hereby discuss the various embryological theories of etiopathogenesis of this malformation in brief.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Duplications between direct repeats stabilized by DNA secondary structure occur preferentially in the leading strand during DNA replication.

To ascertain a leading or lagging strand preference for duplication mutations, several short DNA sequences, i.e. mutation inserts, were designed that should demonstrate an asymmetric propensity for duplication mutations in the two complementary DNA strands during replication. The design of the mutation insert involved a 7-bp quasi inverted repeat that forms a remarkably stable hairpin in one DNA strand, but not the other. The inverted repeat is asymmetrically placed between flanking direct repeats. This sequence was cloned into a modified chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene containing a -1 frameshift mutation. Duplication of the mutation insert restores the reading frame of the CAT gene resulting in a chloramphenicol resistant phenotype. The mutation insert showed greater than a 200-fold preference for duplication mutations during leading strand, compared with lagging strand, replication. This result suggests that misalignment stabilized by DNA secondary structure, leading to duplication between direct repeats, occurred preferentially during leading strand synthesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Linkage disequilibrium analysis of the CHRNA7 gene and its partially duplicated region in schizophrenia.

Several previous studies have reported a significant linkage between markers in the alpha 7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit (CHRNA7) gene and either schizophrenia or the P50 sensory gating deficit, a schizophrenia endophenotype. However, CHRFAM7A, a partially duplicated gene 1.6Mb upstream of the CHRNA7 gene, has complicated further genetic analysis. We genotyped 14 polymorphic markers throughout the full-length CHRNA7 gene and the duplicated region in 188 unrelated Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 188 controls. The duplicated regions were assessed by genotyping up- and down-stream polymorphic markers in the vicinity of each region and analyzing the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between each pair of markers. No evidence of risk variants for schizophrenia in either the CHRNA7 gene or the partially duplicated region was found in the LD analysis. A significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found only in the genotypic distribution of SNP9 (IVS4-1912) in patients (p=0.00829), but not in controls. In conclusion, our LD analysis did not reveal any association between schizophrenia in our Han Chinese population and the CHRNA7 gene or its partially duplicated region. However, we could not exclude the possibility of a weak genetic effect due to the small sample size. Analyses of larger samples and higher-density markers, particularly around SNP9 (IVS4-1912), are still needed.

Asian People↗
PubMed2005

[Selection of relevant duplicate criteria in the monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance trends].

OBJECTIVE: Monitoring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates is crucial in hospital settings, but its calculation is hampered by variations according to duplicate isolates. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of applying different methods for duplicate isolate removal on the MRSA rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trends in S. aureus resistance were analysed from isolates collected in a teaching hospital during a 4-year period by using a specifically designed software. Reference duplicate (RD) criteria were defined as one major and three minor differences in antibiotic patterns and a 30-day time period between two isolates. Variations in antibiotic patterns and time period were studied and compared to RD. NCCLS recommendations based upon results from the first isolate of a species per patient per study period, and the ONERBA recommendations based on phenotypic method, were also studied. RESULTS: MRSA rate was 31.1% when using RD. When duplicates were not eliminated, the MRSA rate significantly increased to 34.0% (P=0.002). When using NCCLS and ONERBA recommendations, the MRSA rate significantly decreased to 27.6% (P=0.002) and significantly increased to 33.8% (P=0.002) respectively. When no difference was tolerated in antibiotic pattern or when the time period was set at five days, the MRSA rate significantly increased to 34.3 and 34.2%, respectively (p=0.003 for each). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that criteria used to remove duplicates should be carefully selected to assess accurate MRSA trends.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Timing and mechanism of ancient vertebrate genome duplications -- the adventure of a hypothesis.

Complete genome doubling has long-term consequences for the genome structure and the subsequent evolution of an organism. It has been suggested that two genome duplications occurred at the origin of vertebrates (known as the 2R hypothesis). However, there has been considerable debate as to whether these were two successive duplications, or whether a single duplication occurred, followed by large-scale segmental duplications. In this article, we review and compare the evidence for the 2R duplications from vertebrate genomes with similar data from other more recent polyploids.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Duplication of the superficial femoral vein: recognition with duplex ultrasonography.

Duplication of the superficial femoral vein (SFV) is a normal variant seen in 20% of contrast phlebograms. Failure to identify thrombus in one limb of a SFV may lead to inappropriate management and subsequent complications. Colour Doppler imaging (CDI) is now the imaging technique of choice in the diagnosis of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of duplication of the SFV at CDI and to compare this with the known prevalence at contrast phlebography. CDI was performed on 58 healthy volunteers (116 limbs examined). Duplication of the SFV was present in 29 examinations (25%). Ultrasonic measurement of the diameter of the SFV was performed in all patients. In the presence of duplication a significant reduction in the diameter of both limbs of the SFV was noted when compared with an unduplicated vessel. The prevalence of duplication of the SFV at CDI is comparable to that at contrast phlebography. Recognition of this variant may help reduce false negative CDI examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Tubular duplication with autonomous blood supply: resection with preservation of adjacent bowel.

This 10-mo-old patient represents an unusual small bowel duplication in that: (1) the duplication involved almost the entire small intestine; (2) the technetium scan was diagnostic; and (3) the duplication was resected, leaving the majority of normal bowel intact. Bremer, in his original discussion of the embryology of intestinal duplications, hypothesized the situation that was found in this patient, i.e., separate blood supplies, which, at first glance, appear to be contained within a single mesentery. This anatomical arrangement permitted the duplication to be resected, leaving the adherent normal small intestine.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Ceramic flask technique for duplicating a complete denture.

The possibilities for use of the duplicate denture are many. The duplicate denture serves as an excellent custom tray for the final working impression. If it is acceptable on the existing denture, the vertical dimension of the duplicate denture can be directly transferred to the articulator. If not acceptable, the vertical dimension can be altered and checked intraorally by adding or removing acrylic resin on the occlusal surface of the teeth. Alterations in esthetics, phonetics, and occlusion can easily be achieved and tested by replacing the original teeth of the duplicate denture with stock acrylic resin teeth. Alterations to the duplicate denture with subsequent patient approval prior to construction of a new prosthesis eliminates many problems associated with new dentures.

Ceramics↗