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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The use of sound waves in treating hypotonic dyskinesias of the extrahepatic biliary tract and duodenum].

The authors studied the effect of sonic waves on the motility of extrahepatic biliary tract and duodenum in 32 patients with hypotensive, hypokinetic dyskinesias. It was found that application of sound (the parameters are described in detail) on the region of the duodenum increased the frequency of contractions, medium biopotential, amplitude and tone of this organ to practically normal levels, resulted in normalization of the motility of extrahepatic biliary tract, favours decompression of the bile-excretory system.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Morphologic characteristics of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum in patients with acute complications of gastroduodenal ulcers after surgical procedures].

Patients with acute complications of gastroduodenal ulcers are characterized by common morphological alterations in mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum which consisted in higher or normal content of parietal, main and EcI-cells, substantial deficiency of Ec-cells as well as in progressively decreased mucin formation from proximal portions of the stomach to distal ones with its lowest level in the duodenum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic findings in the stomach and duodenum after treatment with enteric-coated and plain naproxen tablets in healthy subjects.

To compare the damaging effect of enteric-coated and plain naproxen tablets on the gastric and duodenal mucosa, 12 healthy subjects were studied before and after 2 7-day treatment periods in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover trial. Both preparations of the drug caused mucosal lesions, but the extent of the damage was significantly less in the stomach and duodenum after enteric-coated than after plain naproxen tablets. The subjects, however, did not have a preference for either preparation. The morning plasma naproxen concentration was significantly higher after treatment with enteric-coated naproxen than after treatment with plain tablets. The results of the study indicate that naproxen damages the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum through local and systemic effects. The local effect seems to be the more important and can at least be partially prevented by enteric-coating of the tablets.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Reaction of the duodenum, renal parenchyma and their blood microvessels to external bile discharge in turtles].

Morphological characteristics in rearrangement of the structural components of the duodenum, renal parenchyma and their hemomicrocirculatory beds are presented at a chronic experimental external bile discharge in the tortoise. Common reactions of microvessels in response to this experimental action, manifesting as their constriction and dilatation, depend, possibly, on general changes in the organism specific for the acholia state. Specific rearrangements, such as reduction of blood capillaries of the duodenal mucous membrane and appearance of polypous outgrowths in this place with successive ulceration should be considered as a reaction to a decreased level of the functional loading to these parts of the duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of the duodenojejunal junction in regulating the evacuatory function of the duodenum].

Chronic experiment on dogs was performed to study the effect of duodenojejunal junction exclusion from the evacuatory process on dynamics of gastric and duodenal emptying of the carbohydrate and fatty food. It is established that in the case of exclusion of the duodenojejunal junction, the degree of coordination of gastric and duodenal emptying decreases, dynamics of chyme evacuation from the duodenum considerably changes. It is concluded that the duodenum is not a mere transporter of food coming from the stomach, but has its own regulation mechanisms represented by the duodenojejunal junction and the Treitz ligament.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The duodenum and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

We have carried out a longitudinal study in order to confirm our preliminary data on the heavier involvement of the duodenum compared to the stomach after non aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 53 patients with upper digestive haemorrhage due to recent intake of NSAIDs without preexisting known peptic pathology -28 p. from aspirin and 25 p. from NSAIDs other than aspirin--were selected. Aspirin and its derivatives mainly affected gastric mucosa whereas non aspirin NSAIDs the duodenum. 42 of these patients have been observed for two more years; independently of the treatment, ranitidine 150 mg daily vs antacids if needed, the annual rate of recurrence has been very low. These findings have further confirmed the accurate selection of our patients without previous peptic pathology (in this case the rate of recurrence would have been much higher) and also suggest a more rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these patients. We then observed a consecutive series of 107 patients affected with duodenal ulcer bleeding: 51 by NSAIDs and 56 not by NSAIDs; both groups were given H2-antagonists and blood transfusions if needed. The short term prognosis has been rather positive mainly for the NSAIDs group, in which no mortality has been observed, independently of the number of blood transfusions and length of hospitalization. In our experience the high percentage of NSAIDs duodenal ulcers (about 50%), shows an increase of this pathology, less severe than peptic one, even if expressed by a serious event as digestive bleeding. It is our opinion that these percentages and prognostic evaluations should be considered in therapeutic decision, limiting thus surgical and aggressive endoscopic procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The attaching of bypass cannulas to the duodenum of dairy cows].

Described in this paper is a bypass cannula for the small intestine (duodenum, ileum) of dairy cows, with reference being also made to the surgical method used on the duodenum. The bypass cannula is made up to flexible, curved single cannulas, 25 mm in diameter, which by a new design are safely connected to each other in a jointless, non-angular manner. The cannulas are manufactured of Type B 400/40 K PVC paste by means of a casting technique. The connecting link consists of a PVC or piacryl tube, about 45 mm in length, which is pressed by means of sleeve nuts against the collars of the two cannula openings. The bypass cannula weights 160 g and is tightly attached to the body of the animal, so that neither grazing nor calving are obstructed. Bypass problems of the past (leakage from proximal cannula, clogging, accidental opening of cannula connection) have not even occurred to high-performance cows with feed uptake rates between 3.0 and 3.5 kg of dry matter to 100 kg of live weight and corresponding digestion passages up to 400 l daily.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The duodenum preserving resection of the head of the pancreas (DPRHP) in patients with chronic pancreatitis and an inflammatory mass in the head. An alternative surgical technique to the Whipple operation.

Since 1972, resection of the head of the pancreas with preservation of the duodenum has been carried out in 141 patients with chronic pancreatitis and an inflammatory mass in the head of the gland. One patient died in hospital (0.7%), and seven further patients died during the median follow-up period of 3.6 years (range 0.5-16). In contrast to the Whipple procedure, this operation spares the patient a gastric resection, a duodenectomy, and resection of the common bile duct. In terms of long lasting relief of pain and preservation of the endocrine function of the pancreas, the limited resection with preservation of the duodenum is highly effective and the mortality and late morbidity are low.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatic artery aneurysm which ruptured into the duodenum].

We reported a case of right hepatic artery aneurysm which ruptured into the duodenum. At first, bleeding from a submucosal tumor of the duodenum was suspected, but CT and angiography revealed an aneurysm of the right hepatic artery. Transcatheter arterial embolization by the use of coils was performed successfully, with the coils positioned one in the proximal and the other in the distal site of the aneurysm.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[In-vitro induced histamine liberation from mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum before and following vagotomy].

In 13 patients suffering from duodenal ulcer and undergoing vagotomy biopsies were taken from mucosa of the gastric fundus and of the duodenum. Histamine release from the samples upon challenge to different food was assayed before and after vagotomy. Generally, more histamine was set free from gastric mucosa than from the duodenal one. However, in 11 of 13 subjects there was an alternative shift in the fundus and in the duodenum after vagotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Gastrointestinal endocrine cells in metaplasia of the gastric mucosa and duodenum].

Grimelius reaction and immunohistochemical PAP method were used to study endocrine cells producing gastrin (G-cells), somatostatin (D-cells) and gamma-endorphin (GER-cells) in gastric and duodenal mucosa of 95 males with atrophic gastritis with intestinal and pyloric metaplasia. The number of cells was counted per 1 mm2 of the mucosa. In the cases of marked intestinal metaplasia the number of G-, GER- and especially D-cells in the pyloric region non-metaplastic epithelium decreases and is approaching to its number in the duodenum of the control group. In the foci of marked pyloric metaplasia of gastric corpus the number of G- and GER-cells is almost the same as in the zones of gastric metaplasia of duodenum, and is approximating their number in the pyloric region of controls, thus allowing the designation of pyloric metaplasia as a complete one.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1987

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein gene expression in the rat duodenum by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Regulation of the expression of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (Mr 9000 CaBP) gene by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) was studied in the rat duodenum. In vivo stimulation of Mr 9000 CaBP synthesis was analyzed using a complementary DNA probe and by measuring the rate of Mr 9000 CaBP gene transcription in isolated nuclei (run-on assay). A single 1,25-(OH)2D3 injection (650 pmol/100 g of body weight) induced a 2-fold increase in Mr 9000 CaBP gene transcription within 15 min in the duodenum of vitamin D-deficient rats. RNA synthesis was maximal at 1 h, then decreased until 16 h of postinjection. There was an initial transient accumulation of Mr 9000 CaBP mRNA (from 7 to 15 min), which was followed by a second, significant increase, by 3 h which remained elevated until 16 h. The magnitude and time course of the Mr 9000 CaBP increase was similar to that of its mRNA as early as 1 h after 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration. Mr 9000 CaBP gene transcription was not significantly induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in vitamin D-replete rats and no transient accumulation of Mr 9000 CaBP mRNA was observed. Thus, 1,25-(OH)2D3 modulates Mr 9000 CaBP gene expression in at least two ways, a rapid transcriptional stimulation and a post-transcriptional effect preventing degradation of Mr 9000 CaBP transcripts and accounting for their accumulation several hours after the hormone treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neurokinins induce a relaxation of the rat duodenum "in vivo" by activating postganglionic sympathetic elements in prevertebral ganglia: involvement of an NK-2 type of neurokinin receptor.

In the small intestine of urethane-anesthetized rats, i.v. neurokinins (NKs) (0.043-14 nmol/kg) produce three distinct motor effects, e.g.: 1) a transient relaxation followed by 2) a phasic contraction and 3) a tonic contraction. The aim of this study was to characterize the nature of the receptor determining the transient relaxation and mechanisms involved. The transient relaxation was more evident in the distal than in the proximal duodenum or in the jejunum. The rank order of potency of NKs in producing relaxation was NKA greater than substance P greater than NKB. The heptapeptide NKA(4-10) was as potent as the decapeptide NKA in determining relaxation but less potent than NKA in producing phasic or tonic contraction. NKA (0.43 nmol/kg i.v.)-induced relaxation and tonic contraction were unaffected by [D-Pro2, D-Trp7.g]substance P, a compound which, in this tissue, acts as a NK-1 receptor antagonist. NKA (0.43 nmol/kg i.v.)-induced relaxation of the distal duodenum was unaffected by atropine, hexamethonium or adrenalectomy, reduced by phentolamine plus propranolol and abolished by guanethidine or acute (15 min before) removal of the celiac ganglion complex. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of a NK-2 receptor located on postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the prevertebral ganglia produces the intestinal relaxation in response to i.v. NKs.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1989

The effect of stress induced experimental gastric ulcers on enterochromaffin cells and on serotonin and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid levels in stomach and duodenum of the white rat.

In rats subjected to acute or protracted stress of immobilization, gastric and duodenal mucosae were monitored for presence of ulcers and their enterochromaffin cells were examined, identifying them with the use of anti-serotonin antibodies and PAP technique. In parallel, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid levels in the stomach and duodenum were estimated. Ulcers developed only in the stomach and exclusively in stress-unadapted animals. Development of ulcers was paralleled by enterochromaffin cell degranulation, decrease in serotonin levels, and increase in 5-hydroxyindolacetic levels in both the stomach and the duodenum. Significance of the findings for contemporary hypothesis of gastric ulcers' pathogenesis was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Chronomorphology of the duodenum in man.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible existence of rhythmicity of some morphological structures of the duodenum [correction of jejunum] in man. The height of intestinal villi was found to vary significantly during the 24 h time span, being higher during the day than during the night, when the proportion between small and medium size villi changed (p less than 0.05). The highest mitotic activity was found at 200 and at 600, and the lowest at 1000 and 1400 (p less than 0.01). Both height and width of microvilli did not change during the 24 h span, while thickness of the glycocalyx was slightly higher during the day when compared to the night. There were no significant circadian changes of Paneth cell granularity. We conclude that circadian rhythmicity of duodenum [correction of jejunum] morphology in man is less distinct than in animals, but that significant circadian changes in some parameters do exist.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of the receptors responsible for the diphasic effect of bradykinin in rat duodenum.

The response of the rat duodenum to bradykinin (BK) consists of relaxant and contractile components, which have been attributed to different receptor types. To characterize the receptors responsible for this diphasic response we studied the effects of BK analogues known to act on B1 or B2 receptors in other systems. DesArg9-Leu8-BK and Thi5,8DPhe7-BK presented only relaxant and only contractile effects, respectively, whereas DArg0Hyp3Thi5,8DPhe7-BK was a potent antagonist of the relaxation (but not of the contraction) induced by BK. Our results show that the relaxant and contractile components of the rat duodenum's response to BK are due to B2 and B1 receptor subtypes, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Bradykinin action in the rat duodenum: Ca2(+)-dependent effects of bradykinin on the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase.

The nonapeptide bradykinin has been found to exert opposite effects on cGMP synthesis in a plasma membrane fraction from the rat duodenum. In the absence of exogenous Ca2+ BK increased the activity of the duodenal particulate guanylate cyclase which is decreased, in contrast, in a medium containing 1 mM exogenous Ca2+. In a Ca2(+)-free medium, on the other hand, both BK effects are completely prevented. The results suggest a presumable role of pGC in BK signal transmission in the rat duodenum with calcium ions as a mediator and/or essential cofactor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Rupture of the retroperitoneal duodenum due to blunt abdominal trauma].

We are reported eight patients after blunt abdominal trauma with rupture of retroperitoneal part of the duodenum, with etiology of injury and with their surgical treatment. We emphasized diagnostic troubles and great mortality in the cases of missed duodenal rupture in the preoperative and in the intraoperative time. The result of successful therapy depend of quick recognizing of the retroperitoneal part of the duodenum and of the operation treatment.

Abdominal Injuries↗