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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Stability of mean values of organic analytes in lyophilized quality control serum. A study utilizing data from the Quality Assurance Service (QAS) Program of the College of American Pathologists.

The long-term stability of mean values of six organic analytes in 48 commercial pools of lyophilized chemistry quality control serum is evaluated. These pools, provided by five manufacturers, have been used by nine Regional Quality Control Programs participating in the College of American Pathologists Quality Assurance Service. Creatinine yielded stable mean values in 88% of the pools studied. Both albumin and urea nitrogen demonstrated manufacturer and method-related changes in mean values. Bilirubin, cholesterol, and uric acid changes in mean values were independent of control serum manufacturer, predominant in calibrator-standardized automated procedures, and were clustered by years.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1978

Long-term stability of glucose in lyophilized quality control serum. A study utilizing data from the Quality Assurance Service (QAS) Program of the College of American Pathologists.

The long-term stability of glucose in 45 commercial pools of lyophilized quality control serum is evaluated. The pools have been used in conjunction with the Quality Assurance Service (QAS) of the College of American Pathologists by laboratories participating in Regional Quality Control Programs. Directional instability of glucose was detected by at least one analytic method in 69% of the pools studied. Two distinct and opposite directional trends in glucose concentration were found. Increasing concentration of analyte, averaging 4.7 mg/dl per year, were observed with manual and automated glucose oxidase methods and the automated neocuproine procedure in approximately one fourth of pool--method combinations. Decreasing concentrations of glucose, averaging 3.0 mg/dl per year, were found with automated ferricyanide and hexokinase methods and the manual orthotoluidine procedure in approximately one third of pool--method combinations. The results are best explained by postulating that in affected pools there is a gradual diminution of free and bound glucose and/or a shift of glucose from the protein-bound to the free state.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1993

[Hysterectomy in Norway. Quality of data and clinical practice].

A nation-wide register of discharges from hospitals was used to analyze the practice of hysterectomy in Norwegian hospitals during the three-year period 1988 to 1990. A total of 10.167 hysterectomies were recorded, 20% of them were subtotal hysterectomies. Incidental appendectomy was performed in 4%. Approximately 60 hospitals performed hysterectomy. At 17 hospitals the number was ten or less per year, while at two hospitals more than 200 hysterectomies were performed per year. The national hysterectomy rate was 164 per 100,000 women or 198 per 100,000 women > or = 15 years. The rate is almost 50% higher than a previously reported rate from the period 1977 to 1978, but is still remarkably low compared with the rates reported in the international literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Education, postgraduate and continuing education in surgery--data for quality control].

Despite intensive educational training during medical school, there is hardly any occupational group like physicians that tries to keep further education on a very high level. However, under the aspect of quality control, there is a need for different certificates. The education itself needs quality control; the laying down of rules as a rational basis is to advance, but facts that deal with quality control are not easy to find. The analysis of the committee of education of the Ruhr University Bochum must be considered as ideal; the results have to be transferred. Objective medical care results and patient satisfaction are influenced by many factors.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2002

Species sensitivity distributions: data and model choice.

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are increasingly incorporated into ecological risk assessment procedures. Although these new techniques offer a more transparent approach to risk assessment they demand more and superior quality data. Issues of data quantity and quality are especially important for marine datasets that tend to be smaller (and have fewer standard test methods) when compared with freshwater data. An additional source of uncertainty when using SSDs is appropriate selection from the range of methods used in their construction. We show through examples the influence of data quantity, data quality, and choice of model. We then show how regulatory decisions may be affected by these factors.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1999

Cause of death as a contemporary problem.

Four characteristics have been identified that affect the contemporary analysis of cause of death: (1) the increasing use of cause-of-death data for public policy; (2) the growing disjuncture between cause of death and cause of poor health; (3) the problem of specifying cause of death for the elderly, who constitute a growing proportion of the population and, accordingly, of mortality; and (4) the impact of technology and medical science on the temporal comparability of mortality statistics. With regard to the first issue, statistical data in general are being used with increasing sophistication throughout society. The public is exposed to all types of data by the media,and is increasingly educated in how to interpret statistics. Government at all levels increasingly uses data to help to help identify priorities, to choose among policy options, and to evaluate outcomes of decision making. Cause-of-death data are but a specific subset of information that are being used to understand social, economic, and health issues and to make more informed private and public choices regarding these issues. Increasing use of any data set is likely to result in better data simply because greater use results in closer scrutiny of data quality with resultant emphasis on evaluation and systematic efforts to improve quality. This is happening to cause-of-death data in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) initiated major efforts through two national workshops in 1989 and 1991 to improve the quality of medical certification of death through better training of physicians, medical examiners, and coroners. While there is no clear evidence that the initiatives resulting from these workshops alone resulted in data quality improvement, the indicators used by NCHS to measure quality of medical certification point to continued gradual improvement in completeness and specificity in cause-of-death data. The gap between causes of morbidity and causes of mortality is growing because advances in medical science has essentially eliminated many infectious and communicable diseases that previously caused premature death and have considerably reduced the lethality of chronic conditions that previously caused death at earlier ages. As acute conditions have moved into the background, so to speak, a variety of disabilities and impairments have moved forward as sources of illness,pain, and diminished quality of life. As a consequence, the previously clear etching in mortality statistics of a society's health has become blurred by advances in medicine, healthcare, and prevention. Mortality data continue to have value per set and are important to social and medical knowledge because of their availability as a uniquely continuous data set. However, increasingly, a complete and contemporary profile of the health of a society requires data on both morbidity and mortality as complimentary indicators of health and social development. Not only do we need to know of what causes people to die, but also what health conditions aggravate and diminish their lives and, at an aggregate level, that conditions impose the greatest health costs on the community. Increasingly, these are debilitating conditions of the elderly that may diminish life but may not cause death. Medical description of the cause of death of an elderly person has probably never been easy; however, the contemporary extension of life has made the problem more visible and substantial than in earlier times. It is likely that the relatively few octogenarians of centuries past were also afflicted by concurrent medical conditions, and that even younger persons were prematurely afflicted by conditions that are now identified with advanced age. For these population groups, the description of cause of death, as a single and singular initiating event, is problematic.

Brain Neoplasms↗