Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dangerous Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Can deinstitutionalised care be provided for those at risk of violent offending?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to explain the current status of deinstitutionalisation and of community care development in the UK. DESIGN: Literature review of articles and reports on deinstitutionalisation. SETTING: Articles included in the review related either to the whole of the UK, to England and Wales, or to a specific area such as London. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The review was carried out pertaining to the question of the extent to which community care can or should take over the functions of the asylum, with particular reference to those at risk of behaving violently. These functions include those that are manifest, or explicit, and those that are latent, or unintended but implicit (Bachrach, 1976). RESULTS: The example of patients at risk of violent behaviour is-one that highlights the continuing relevance of both these sets of functions, which are argued to be exerting a powerful influence on the processes of asylum closure and community care development. This influence is seen in delayed asylum closure, transinstitutionalisation (the shift of some patients from asylums to other institutions), and the institutionalisation of aspects of community care. CONCLUSIONS: Both the manifest and the latent functions of asylums must be acknowledged by those involved in planning community care; where it is felt desirable that community care does not take over certain functions, the consequences of this must be anticipated so that they can be prevented or dealt with in other ways.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2004

Reliability of sexually violent predator civil commitment criteria in Florida.

The present study investigated the reliability of Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) civil commitment criteria under Florida's Jimmy Ryce Act. The purpose of the study was to determine if, independently, 2 evaluators would reach the same conclusions about the same client (n = 295). According to civil commitment criteria outlined by the United States Supreme Court (Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997), SVPs must display a mental abnormality predisposing them to sexual violence and a likelihood of future sexual violence. The interrater reliability of 8 DSM-IV diagnoses applied by evaluators to determine whether a client has a "mental abnormality that predisposes him to sexual violence" was found to be poor to fair (kappa = .23 to . 70). The interrater reliability of risk assessment instruments used to determine "likelihood of reoffense" was good (ICC = .77 to .85). The recommendations made by evaluators regarding whether or not to refer a client for civil commitment demonstrated poor reliability (kappa = .54). Implications for practice and policy are explored.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Aggressive behaviour and substance abuse among schizophrenic adolescents compared to antisocial adolescents--a follow-up study].

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze aggressive behaviour towards others by schizophrenic as opposed to antisocial adolescents, and the influence of substance abuse before, during and after their hospitalization. METHODS: We analyzed 21 schizophrenic adolescents and compared their aggressive behaviour and their substance abuse to that of 21 antisocial juveniles before and during their hospitalization and again at the time of a follow-up interview. The two samples were matched for age, sex and intelligence. In a first step, data were gathered from the hospital records, in a second step, for follow-up data we conducted standardized telephone interview with the patient and his or her parent or caregiver. Within the analysis we focused on aggressive behaviour towards other people and objects, as well as on criminal acts and regular substance abuse. RESULTS: We found less aggressive behaviour among psychotic patients during and post-hospitalization than among their antisocial counterparts. As inpatients, the acutely psychotic juveniles were at higher risk for aggressive acts, but adequate treatment subdued their offensive behaviour. In the long term, there were fewer criminal arrests among psychotic patients. Only in connection with their substance abuse, their aggressive misconduct towards others increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that drug treatment during adolescence might help to lessen the risk of aggressive behaviour towards others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Dangerous female psychiatric patients: prevalences and characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to study the prevalence and characteristics of dangerousness among female psychiatric patients. METHOD: A national survey was performed in Norway, covering all psychiatric in- and out-patient units. RESULTS: There were 329 persons reported to have a psychiatric disorder and to satisfy our criteria for dangerousness, giving a total prevalence of 9.9/100000 adults. There were 54 women, giving a female prevalence of 3.1/100 000. When compared to a matched sample of the men, fewer women were out-patients or had had jail sentences. We found no sex differences with regard to frequencies of psychosis, mental retardation, personality disorders, or drug or alcohol abuse. The women had an increased frequency of suicide-related and self-injurious behaviours and previous commitment for arson. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of women with psychiatric disorders who are considered to be dangerous was 3.1/100 000. The dangerous men did not show higher frequencies than the women for psychopathology, drug abuse, behaviour or criminality.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Violent offender research and implications for the criminal justice system.

Some offenders are at very high risk to reoffend. Research conducted at the author's institution and elsewhere shows that psychopathic offenders are especially likely to be violent, that future violence can be predicted with considerable accuracy among men who have committed at least 1 violent offense, and that treatment programs to reduce dangerousness do not always have the intended effects (i.e., they may actually increase the dangerousness of some individuals). Implications for the criminal justice system pertain to release following insanity acquittal, offender sentencing and parole, preventive detention, offender treatment, and program evaluation.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1995

Construction and validation of risk assessments in a six-year follow-up of forensic patients: a tridimensional analysis.

Evaluations of risk were conducted for 162 Canadian mentally disordered criminal defendants through the assembly of actuarial data, scores from special-to-purpose psychometric instruments, and scaled global predictions of dangerousness to others by clinicians and nonclinical raters. Violent conduct by participants was tracked across legal and medical institutions and the community for a subsequent 6 years, with aggregate violence base rates reaching 62%. Decisions about risk were strongly associated with participant attributes and presentations during forensic interviews, but neither linear regression equations involving background and scale items nor direct discretionary judgments could account for more than 25% of variance in the frequency of outcome violence. Predictive accuracy maximized after 3 years, and was strongest for hospital-based violence. Professional clinicians were no more accurate than nonclinical raters. Implications of these findings for the sociolegal control of violence, and for the resurgent "second generation" of risk research, are explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical versus actuarial predictions of violence of patients with mental illnesses.

This study compared the accuracy of an actuarial procedure for the prediction of community violence by patients with mental illness with the accuracy of clinicians' ratings of concern about patients' violence. Data came from a study in which patients were followed in the community for 6 months after having been seen in a psychiatric emergency room. Accuracy of actuarial prediction was estimated retrospectively, with a statistical correction for capitalization on chance. Actuarial prediction had lower rates of false-positive and false-negative errors than clinical prediction. The seriousness of the violence correctly identified by the actuarial predictor (the true positives) was similar to the seriousness identified by clinicians. Actuarial predictions based only on patients' histories of violence were more accurate than clinical predictions, as were actuarial predictions that did not use information about histories.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Two-dimensional grid is ineffective against demented patients' exiting through glass doors.

An extension of the visual-grid method of controlling egress from a 30-bed specialized dementia care unit of a nursing home was tested. Hussian and Brown (1987) significantly reduced patient egress attempts from a state hospital psychogeriatric ward with strips of beige tape on a brown floor near an opaque door. In this study, black tape was used on a white floor at both glass exit doors, in the same configuration as Hussian and Brown's (1987) most effective condition. Data indicated no intervention effect. Results are attributed mainly to the glass doors, which allow an outdoor view and can entice residents outward and distract them from the floor grid.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Dangerousness and death: a nexus in search of science and reason.

An assertion that a capital offender will engage in future acts of criminal violence is a factor in determining "death worthiness" in many jurisdictions of the United States. The legislative conception and court affirmation of this issue as a capital consideration were products of the parole policy and prison capability of an earlier era as well as of the limitations of risk assessment methodology and findings at that time. The intuitive assumptions that support assertions of future dangerousness as a death penalty issue have been rendered irrelevant by changing prison conditions and parole policies or have been refuted by current findings. This raises important questions for a reasoned public policy in capital sentencing. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Capital Punishment↗