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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Worker's compensation litigation of the upper extremity claim.

This article presents an overview of the issues presented to physicians and lawyers in evaluating, treating, litigating, and concluding an upper extremity workers' compensation claim. This analysis includes a review of the unique considerations involved in the workers' compensation patient/claimant, a general examination of workers' compensation law, and the interplay between litigation and the medical management of the patient.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Ligament injuries of the hand and wrist.

The human hand is one of the most amazing instruments we possess. Ligament injuries to the hand and wrist are common occupational injuries. These injuries can be diagnosed using thorough history and physical examination skills in conjunction with diagnostic imaging. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of these injuries are crucial, because many injuries heal with minimal decrease in function if they are treated early without allowing them to become chronic. When these injuries are discovered late, not only does treatment become more difficult but also traumatic arthritis frequently develops. A brief anatomic description follows each of the most common ligament sprains and strains of the hand and wrist and their evaluation and treatment.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Tendinitis and tendinosis of the elbow, wrist, and hands.

Tendinopathy in the upper extremity continues to be a source of morbidity and disability in the working population despite a benign clinical course. Risk factors include high force, repetition, and awkward positions. An understanding of the pertinent anatomy and pathophysiology should help clinicians in the management of these conditions. Tension overload and shear stress are the two mechanisms most likely responsible for most upper extremity tendinopathies. Clinical presentation includes localized pain and tenderness. Most treatment options have yet to undergo evaluation for efficacy in well-designed clinical trials, yet there is a generally favorable response to nonoperative or conservative management. Cases resistant to conservative treatment may require surgical intervention.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Sports injuries in the pediatric and adolescent foot and ankle: common overuse and acute presentations.

Care of the youth athlete requires knowledge of developmental anatomy and specific injury patterns, which are acute or chronic in nature. We may expect that the incidence of overuse and acute foot and ankle injuries in this population is likely to increase in proportion to the number and intensity of competitive youth teams with demanding training schedules. We, as physicians, must exercise our best judgment in regard to recognizing these patterns early and instituting appropriate treatments. Return to play decisions should be based on objective criteria when available and always keeping the best interest of the athlete's future health in the forefront of our minds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sports injuries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Nerve injuries in the throwing elbow.

The unique anatomy of the elbow combined with the angular velocity and stresses placed across this hinge joint while throwing can cause a large number of pathologic changes associated with nerves. Although the ulnar nerve is the most commonly injured, neuropathies are also seen with the branches of the median and radial nerves. These neuropathies are typically responsive to rest, activity modification, ice, splinting, and anti-inflammatories. A graduated return to throwing is then needed before returning to play. When conservative measures fail, surgical decompression is warranted, but results have been less than perfect.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2005

The use of NSAIDs and nutritional supplements in athletes with osteoarthritis: prevalence, benefits, and consequences.

The use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications (NSAIDs) and nutraceuticals, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, is common among athletes at all ages and levels of participation. The use of these drugs has significant effects on pain and swelling associated with injury; however, this use does have significant risks to the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal organ systems. In the athlete with degenerative changes in the joints, the use of these medications can become chronic and lead to an increased risk of adverse effects. The purpose of this article is to examine the incidence of injury in sports, the prevalence of osteoarthritis in athletes, and the use of common over-the-counter medications and supplements. In addition, the mechanism of action, adverse side effects, and behavioral patterns for use of these medications will be analyzed.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2006

Diagnosis and management of traumatic and atraumatic hip instability in the athletic patient.

Although relatively uncommon compared with the shoulder, hip instability can be a source of significant disability and is a commonly unrecognized injury. Hip instability can be traumatic or atraumatic in origin. Our understanding and treatment plan for hip instability due to traumatic events is well established. However, our understanding and treatment modalities for hip instability due to atraumatic events or repetitive motion in high level athletes are not as well defined. In this article, we will review the spectrum of traumatic and atraumatic hip instability and discuss the relevant anatomy, history, and physical examination findings, imaging studies, and treatment options with a focus on hip arthroscopy, and review of the literature.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed2006

Imaging of sports injuries of the upper extremity in children.

Competitive athletics in school-aged children has become the norm rather than the exception. The increased repetitive stresses placed on the upper extremity in a wide variety of sports result in a host of injuries unique to the skeletally immature athlete. This article focuses on a discussion of the more common upper extremity injuries encountered in the child athlete and the role of radiography and MRI in diagnosis and management.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome: rare or underdiagnosed?

Hypothenar hammer Syndrome (HHS) is a condition characterised by digital ischaemia as a result of repetitive trauma to the hypothenar eminence of the hand. It occurs in people who repeatedly use the palm of the hand as a hammer to push, grind or twist objects. It is a curable and a preventable cause of upper digital ischemia. In this report we present a case of HHS and discuss the causes and pathogenesis of this syndrome. We review the incidence, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, investigation and treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Paratendinopathy.

Because most Achilles tendon injuries take place in sports and there has been a general increase in the popularity of sporting activities, the number and incidence of Achilles tendon overuse injuries have increased in the industrialized countries during the last few decades. The term "Achilles paratendinopathy" is used in clinical practice to describe activity-related Achilles pain combined with tenderness on palpation, providing that there is no suspicion of intratendinous pathology on the basis of patient history, clinical examination, or imaging examinations. This article discusses Achilles paratendinopathy.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2006

Lower extremity mechanics of iliotibial band syndrome during an exhaustive run.

Injury patterns in distance running may be related to kinematic adjustments induced by fatigue. The goal was to measure changes in lower extremity mechanics during an exhaustive run in individuals with and without a history of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). Sixteen recreational runners ran to voluntary exhaustion on a treadmill at a self-selected pace. Eight runners had a history of ITBS. Twenty-three reflective marker positions were recorded by an eight-camera 120 Hz motion capture system. Joint angles during stance phase were exported to a musculoskeletal model (SIMM) with the iliotibial band (ITB) modeled as a passive structure to estimate strain in the ITB. For ITBS runners, at the end of the run: (1) knee flexion at heel-strike was higher than control (20.6 degrees versus 15.3 degrees, p=0.01); (2) the number of knees with predicted ITB impingment upon the lateral femoral epicondyle increased from 6 to 11. Strain in the ITB was higher in the ITBS runners throughout all of stance. Maximum foot adduction in the ITBS runners was higher versus control at the start of the run (p=0.003). Maximum foot inversion (p=0.03) and maximum knee internal rotation velocity (p=0.02) were higher versus control at the end of the run. In conclusion, ITB mechanics appear to be related to changes in knee flexion at heel-strike and internal rotation of the leg. These observations may suggest kinematic discriminators for clinical assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Physical demands and injuries to the upper extremity associated with the space program.

Hand and upper-extremity overuse and repetitive injuries in astronauts have been and continue to be a common problem in the space program. The demands on upper-extremity use in the astronaut training program, the zero-gravity environment, the extreme temperature conditions of space, the effects of space travel on human physiology/anatomy, and the constraints and pressures of space suits and gloves all can negatively impact upper-extremity function in ways that can result in overuse/repetitive injuries. Future plans for space exploration include endeavors that will continue and even increase the demands on the hand and upper extremity.

Astronauts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hand span and digital motion on the keyboard: concerns of overuse syndrome in musicians.

PURPOSE: To investigate the hand motion of pianists when they performed an octave and a chord, which accounted for 74% of the piano techniques that the subjects practiced at the onset of overuse hand problems. The octave position was to strike 2 keys that were 16.7 cm apart simultaneously with the thumb and small finger, and the chord position was to strike 3 keys with 4.8 cm between the borders. METHODS: The abduction angle of both the thumbs and the small fingers of 10 pianists while playing a chord and an octave were measured repeatedly with a video-based passive marker detection system. The angles were compared between pianists with large hand spans and those with small hand spans. RESULTS: When playing the octave both the maximal and minimal abduction angles of the thumb were significantly larger for the smaller-hand pianists as compared with the pianists with larger hand spans. When playing the chord the maximal abduction angle of the thumb of small-hand-span pianists was significantly larger than that of large-hand-span pianists. The abduction of the small finger, however, did not differ during performance of either the octave or the chord. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the small-hand-span pianists must abduct the thumb more than large-hand-span pianists while minimizing movement of the small finger. This may cause de Quervain's tenosynovitis in pianists.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Chronic finger joint instability reconstructed with bone-ligament-bone graft from the iliac crest.

Five patients with chronic instability of digital joints presented with instability and functional disability. Two patients had ulnar collateral ligament damage of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint and another had chronic multidirectional instability due to radial collateral ligament, dorsal capsule and palmar plate laxity of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. The fourth patient had a lax radial collateral ligament and palmar plate of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the little finger and the fifth had chronic laxity of the ulnar collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. All were reconstructed with bone-ligament-bone graft harvested from the iliac crest. The graft was fixed with screws and joint stability was achieved intra-operatively in all patients. All patients achieved a stable joint with improved functional performance at final follow-up.

Adult↗