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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparison of communication skills in medical residents with and without undergraduate communication skills training as provided by the Faculty of Medicine of Gadjah Mada University.

OBJECTIVE: To promote better doctor-patient relationships in clinical practice, many medical faculties have introduced practical communication skills training programs for their students. This study is aimed at comparing the communication skills of graduates of the Faculty of Medicine of Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia, educated with and without communication skills training as perceived by their patients and by the graduates themselves. METHODS: Over 300 patients were seen by 18 medical residents trained in communication skills before graduation and 30 residents who had not attended this training. After consultation patients and residents completed a 39-item questionnaire addressing the doctor's communication behavior skills. In the questionnaires completed by patients the desired communication behavior of doctors was also rated. RESULTS: Patients did not observe any differences in communication behavior skills among residents who received training and those who did not. These two groups of trained and non-trained residents assessed their own communication behavior skills. On 4/39 questionnaire items patients rated the communication behavior skills of trained residents lower than the residents themselves and the ratio was 13/39 for non-trained residents. A significant gap was noted between doctors' communication behavior skills as observed and desired by their patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate communication skills training in the institution under study could not be demonstrated to illustrate a difference in the communication behavior skills of its graduates from graduates from the same institution who did not attend communication skills training. Trained graduates, however, were more aware of communication behavior skills as being preferred by their patients than their peers who were not trained in communication behavior skills training during their undergraduate studies.

Communication↗
PubMed1999

Bipolar disorder and family communication: effects of a psychoeducational treatment program.

Family psychoeducational programs are efficacious adjuncts to pharmacotherapy for patients with schizophrenic and bipolar disorders, but little is known about what these programs change about families. The authors assessed changes in face-to-face interactional behavior over 1 year among families of bipolar patients who received a 9-month family-focused psychoeducational therapy (FFT; n = 22) or crisis management with naturalistic follow-up (CMNF; n = 22), both administered with maintenance pharmacotherapy. Members of families who received FFT showed more positive nonverbal interactional behavior during a 1-year posttreatment problem-solving assessment than families who received CMNF, although no corresponding decreases were seen in negative interactional behaviors. The positive effect of family treatment on patients' symptom trajectories over 1 year was partially mediated by increases in patients' positive nonverbal interactional behaviors during this same interval.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Recruitment behavior and program directors: how ethical are their perspectives about the match process?

OBJECTIVE: This study examined family practice residency directors' perspectives on the 1999 National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) process and identified directors' expectations for students' recruitment behavior. METHODS: Subjects were the family practice residency program directors. A 22-item written questionnaire was mailed to each director. The questions related to the directors' perceptions of the following issues: applicants interviewing in more than one specialty, communication initiated by programs or applicants, commitments made to applicants and by applicants, ethical dilemmas faced by the program director, and the NRMP process itself. Descriptive statistics were reported. RESULTS: Only a few of the residency program directors (9.1%) felt that it was ethically wrong for an applicant to interview in more than one specialty. However, most program directors (83%) indicated that the knowledge of an applicant interviewing in more than one specialty had a "significant" negative or "some" negative effect on the applicant's rank order. Ninety-five percent of program directors indicated that they engage in follow-up communication with applicants following the formal interview. Almost all program directors (98%) reported that at least some applicants contact them following the formal interview to inform them that the program was a "high" or No. 1 rank-order choice. The majority of program directors (94%) felt that the NRMP process placed their program in the position of having to be dishonest with applicants to match their top choices. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that the actions of many program directors and applicants may not be consistent with the written policies of the NRMP.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Family-physician interactions in the intensive care unit.

Surrogate designation has the potential to represent the patient's wishes and promote successful family involvement in decision making when options exist as to the patient's medical management. In recent years, intensive care unit physicians and nurses have promoted family-centered care on the basis that adequate and effective communication with family members is the key to substitute decision making, thereby protecting patient autonomy. The two-step model for the family-physician relationship in the intensive care unit including early and effective provision of information to the family followed by family input into decision making is described as well as specific needs of the family members of dying patients. A research agenda is outlined for further investigating the family-physician relationship in the intensive care unit. This agenda includes a) improvement of communication skills for health care workers; b) research in the area of information and communication; c) interventions in non-intensive care unit areas to promote programs for teaching communication skills to all members of the medical profession; d) research on potential conflict between medical best interest and the ethics of autonomy; and e) publicity to enhance society's interest in advance care planning and surrogate designation amplified by debate in the media and other sounding boards. These studies should focus both on families and on intensive care unit workers. Assessments of postintervention outcomes in family members would provide insights into how well family-centered care matches family expectations and protects families from distress, not only during the intensive care unit stay but also during the ensuing weeks and months.

Advance Care Planning↗
PubMed2006

Teaching manual communication to preservice teachers of the deaf in an accredited comprehensive undergraduate teacher preparation program.

NOTING THAT there are no standardized manual communication curricula or proficiency assessments available to teacher preparation programs, the author used a case study to describe how preservice teachers of the deaf are taught to incorporate American Sign Language and various forms of signed English as effective communication tools for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. An accredited undergraduate teacher preparation program located in a rural area was selected for the study. Eight curricular components were examined, and data were triangulated from observations, interviews, and document analyses. The author found (a) that manual communication was taught in three required courses making up 6.57% of the overall curriculum, (b) direct application to the classroom was limited, and (c) there was minor misalignment across the eight curricular components examined. The program did not require an exit-level proficiency exam.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2006

An educational workshop program for rural practitioners to encourage best practice for delivery of systemic adjuvant therapy.

BACKGROUND: The Rural Systemic Adjuvant Therapy Project was initiated to encourage best practice in the treatment of women from rural areas who have breast cancer. METHOD: We developed an educational program, piloted it and conducted it in 5 regions. In a pre-evaluation/post-evaluation, we assessed participants' perceived knowledge about systemic adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase occurred in participants' reported knowledge about all program topics. Improved communication links with the local or visiting medical oncologist were planned. CONCLUSION: The workshop program was found to be a successful tool for delivering evidence-based information about the use of systemic adjuvant therapy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The case of the team-spirit tailspin.

Richard Johnson, newly appointed president of Century Airlines, knew the company's survival depended on customer service, which in turn depended on motivated employees. So he created the Century Spirit program to build team spirit by encouraging employee participation, individual initiative, and open communication. Among the program's early successes was a newspaper started by a group of flight attendants. The Plane Truth published information about benefits and work conditions as well as feature stories and humorous articles. It quickly became popular not only with flight attendants but also with pilots, machinists, and baggage handlers. As time went on, though, the Plane Truth began to run articles critical of the company. When management cut back workers' hours, the newspaper questioned what sacrifices the executives were making. When technical services released figures showing long turnaround times, the paper questioned the machinists' work ethic. Worried that customers might see the newspaper, Richard Johnson wanted to cancel it. The president of the flight attendants union also wanted to see it go because it was stirring up trouble with the machinists. Joan Raffin, Century's human resources director, was asked to stop the publication. But she hesitated. She knew that employee morale was on the brink, but she didn't know whether the newspaper was venting workers' frustrations and reinforcing team spirit or stirring up old animosities and bringing the whole company down. Was it creating more tension than unity or vice versa? Experts on organizational change, motivation, and management analyze the situation and make recommendations for what Joan Raffin should do.

Industry↗
PubMed1990

Radon risk communication research: practical lessons.

Those responsible for state and local radon programs often express frustration about the small share of homes that have been tested for radon, and the small share of those with high readings that have been mitigated. There are now a number of completed studies that have examined how well alternative ways of communicating about radon risk have accomplished the goals of motivating appropriate testing and mitigation. This paper summarizes the research results that are most crucial for planning and implementing effective radon risk communication programs. We identify six reasons why people do not respond to radon as a serious threat and provide some remedies suggested by radon studies.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishing and sustaining state-of-the-art diabetes patient education programs: research and recommendations.

Frequently, diabetes educators in hospitals report meeting severe organizational barriers when attempting to implement advances in diabetes patient education (DPE). This paper reports on how eight successful diabetes patient education programs coped with potential barriers. The results are based on interviews of professionals who played central roles in introducing and sustaining the programs. Many of the identified problems centered around two issues--acquiring needed resources and communicating about the program to a variety of key groups.

Decision Making, Organizational↗