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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Comparing two methods of examination in the interaction study of a pesticide and a heavy metal.

The use of pesticides in field application involves the risk of poisoning wild animals. The reproduction period of pheasant takes place at the same time as the spraying time of pesticides, which justifies, that we evaluate in a point of the ecotoxicologic view the influence of the pesticide on progressive avian embryo. The most frequent technical way is injecting the exam stuffs to the some part of the embryonated eggs under the bird teratological trials. The advantage of this method is that it can be injected in a correct measured dose into the optional part of eggs. The disadvantage of this method is that it can't model properly the influence on the environment. If adverse effect of the embraced chemical substance on the embryo is experienced under the study, it will be necessary to use an immersion treatment. This procedure shows only the possible indirect influence of the pesticide on the embryo but it can suitably model its influence in plant protection practice. Treatment was done on day 12 of incubation. Applied concentration of heavy element (Cd sulphate) was 0.01% and the concentration of pesticide (Dithane M-45) was 0.2%. Evaluation was done on day 19 of incubation. Injection treatment: the simultaneous administration of Cd sulphate and the 80% mancozeb containing fungicide formulation on day 12 of incubation did not result in a significant decrease in the average body weight of embryos compared to neither the control nor the pesticide individually treated group. At the same time the body weight of embryos significantly decreased because of combined administration as compared to the Cd sulphate treated group. The embryo mortality and the incidence of developmental anomalies markedly increased after the simultaneous administration. Immersion treatment: the combined administration of Cd sulphate and the mancozeb containing fungicide formulation on day 12 of incubation did not result in a significant decrease in the average body mass of embryos compared to neither the control nor the individually treated groups. The number of embryo mortality was very high after the simultaneous administration. The incidence of developmental anomalies was sporadic.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory effects of cadmium on peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine release are reversed by zinc and selenium salts.

Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) exert regulatory activities on immune functions, while cadmium (Cd) is an immunotoxic agent. The object of this study was to detect effects of 10(-4), 10(-5), and 10(-6) M Cd sulphate, Zn sulphate, and sodium selenite, and their combinations on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production. Only 10(-5) M Zn sulphate significantly enhanced spontaneous PBMC proliferation, which was unaffected by the other salts. At 10(-4) and 10(-5) M, Cd sulphate exerted a dose-response inhibitory action on phytohemagglutinin- (PHA-) stimulated PBMC proliferation and cytokine release, while 10(-4) M and 10(-5) M Zn sulphate and 10(-5) M sodium selenite induced a stimulatory effect on both proliferation and cytokine release; 10(-4) M sodium selenite enhanced only the PBMC proliferation; at 10(-6) M, none of the salts changed the PHA-stimulated immune activity. Moreover, 10(-4) and 10(-5) M Zn and 10(-5) M Se strongly upregulated IFN-gamma (a Th1 cytokine) release, even in presence of 10(-5) M Cd, and reduced the inhibitory effects of Cd on PBMC proliferation and TNF-alpha release. This study confirms that Zn and Se both strongly enhance cytokine release induced by mitogenic stimulation, showing also that Zn acts with a broader range of concentrations than Se. This suggests that dietary excess of Se may not have beneficial effects.

Cadmium Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[R-phycoerythrin: a natural ligand for detoxifying cadmium ions and a tunnel matrix for synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles].

As evidenced by ion-selective electrode potentiometry, the hexameric R-phycoerythrin (RPE) molecule binds 20-4000 cadmium ions (Cd2+) depending on Cd2+ concentration in the solution. Cadmium ions bound to RPE serve as nuclei of cadmium sulfide crystallization in the presence of sulfide ions. According to spectrometric, electron-microscopic and capillary electrophoresis data, the particles are heteroaggregates of 3.2 x 6 nm in size. The fact that the particle size fits the size of the central tunnel of the RPE molecule and the similarity between the electrophoretic patterns of free RPE and the RPE-CdS complex indicate that the tunnel space, limiting the crystal growth, is the most probable site of nanoparticle formation. Properties of the nanoparticles can be modified by changing temperature, pH, etc. It is concluded that RPE can be used as a reagent for detoxification of cadmium ions and a matrix for synthesis of elongated CdS nanoparticles.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of membrane lipids in the resistance of clapsing-leaved pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus L.) to excess of cadmium in water].

The effect of cadmium on clapsinng-leaved pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus L.) within the concentration range of 1-1000 microM was studied. It was shown that P. perfoliatus leaves accumulated cadmium during three days. This process was accompanied by changes in leaf morphology. The sensitivity of biochemical metabolites to cadmium was different. Low concentrations of cadmium (1 and 10 microM) increased the content of protein, total lipids, and photosynthetic pigments, whereas high concentrations (100 and 1000 microM) decreased the content of total lipids and pigments but increased protein content. Based on cadmium sensitivity, structural lipids were divided into three groups-resistant (neutral, phosphatidylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfolipid), the content of which increased in the presence of cadmium; labile (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol); and nonresistant (phosphatidylethanolamine). It is concluded that the lipid component determines the resistance of P. perfoliatus to cadmium.

Cadmium Compounds↗
PubMed2005

[Study of water-sol core-shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots].

Water-sol core/shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution by using mercapto-acetate acid as stabilizer. The UV-Vis absorption and emission spectra were studied. The size of the SdSe-core was about 2 nm estimated by absorption edge and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). The structure was also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The intensity of luminescence of the quantum dots was greatly enhanced after the surface was modified with CdS shell. Red shift of the peak was shown in both the emission and absorption spectra.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Preparation and spectral properties of PVP-modified CdS nanorods].

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified CdS nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal reaction of CdCl2 2.5H2O and (NH4)2S with 10 wt% ethylenediamine aqueous solution as solvent and 1.0 wt% PVP as additives. The obtained products were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, IR, DTA-TG, UV-Vis and PL spectroscopies. The surface-modified CdS nanorods showed narrow size distribution and enhanced luminescence property compared with that of the unmodified ones. The UV-Vis spectra exhibited a structure peak. These results were attributed to the surface passivation of the CdS nanorods by the PVP molecules.

Cadmium Chloride↗
PubMed2005

[Spectral analyzing effects of atmosphere states on the structure and characteristics of CdTe polycrystalline thin films made by close-spaced sublimation].

The structure and characteristics of CdTe thin films are dependent on the working atmosphere states in close-spaced sublimation. In the present paper, CdTe polycrystalline thin films were deposited by CSS in mixture atmosphere of argon and oxygen. The physical mechanism of CSS was analyzed, and the temperature distribution in CSS system was measured. The dependence of preliminary nucleus creation on the atmosphere states (involving component and pressure) was studied. Transparencies were measured and optic energy gaps were calculated. The results show that: (1) The CdTe films deposited in different atmospheres are cubic structure. With increasing oxygen concentration, a increases and reaches the maximum at 6% oxygen concentration, then reduces, and increases again after passing the point at 12% oxygen concentration. Among them, the sample depositing at 9% oxygen concentration is the best. The optic energy gaps are 1.50-1.51 eV for all CdTe films. (2) The samples depositing at different pressures at 9% oxygen concentration are all cubical structure of CdTe, and the diffraction peaks of CdS and SnO2:F still appear. With the gas pressure increasing, the crystal size of CdTe minishes, the transparency of the thin film goes down, and the absorption side shifts to the short-wave direction. (3) The polycrystalline thin films with high quality deposit in 4 minutes under the depositing condition that the substrate temperature is 550 degrees C, and source temperature is 620 degrees C at 9% oxygen concentration.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the zinc composition of cadmium zinc telluride (Cd(1 - y)Zn(y)Te) crystal by micro-photoluminescence spectra].

The micro-photoluminescence of five cadmium zinc telluride crystal wafers was measured by laser excited micro-Raman spectroscopy. The Eg value of cadmium zinc telluride material was calculated by fitting the micro-photoluminescence peaks which came from material band gap. Then the Zn composition of cadmium zinc telluride material could be obtained. By using the spectroscopic function of X-Y scanning technique fixing the photoluminescence peak, the mapping of Zn composition could be easily and non-destructively given.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Complexation of cyanidin with cadmium ions in solution].

The effect of complexation between cyanidin (extracted from maize seedling roots) and cadmium ions was established in solution on the basis of absorption spectroscopy and colorimetry data. Spectral parameters for identification of the pigment added to the metal has been established.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age-dependent cadmium accumulation in organs of intoxicated rats and changes of indices of acid-base balance of blood in different conditions of antioxidant defence].

Age peculiarities of cadmium cumulation in the organs of rats under different conditions of antioxidants administration. Considerable hepato- and nefrotoxic effect of the given xenobiotic under different conditions of its supply into the organism was revealed. The strongly pronounced differences between the age distribution of cadmium in the organisms have been marked. It is proved that the most antioxidantal activity is shown by sodium selenite when administered into the organism before poisoning with cadmium. It is stated that the indices showing the acid-alkaline state are subject to the greatest changes in the bodies of young animals. In this case they have more expressed toxic effects under the influence of ions of heavy metals as well as the receptivity to the positive influence of antioxidants.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2006

Study on the binding of procaine hydrochloride to DNA/DNA bases and the effect of CdS nanoparticles on the binding behavior.

The interaction between procaine hydrochloride and DNA/DNA bases in the absence and presence of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles has been explored in this study by using differential pulse voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and so on, which illustrates the different binding behaviors of procaine hydrochloride with different DNA bases. The results clearly indicate that the binding of purines to procaine hydrochloride is stronger than that of pyrimidines and the binding affinity is in the order of G > A > T > C. In addition, it was observed that the presence of CdS nanoparticles could remarkably enhance the probing sensitivity for the interaction between procaine hydrochloride and DNA/DNA bases. Furthermore, AFM study illustrates that procaine hydrochloride can bind to some specific sites of DNA chains, which indicates that procaine hydrochloride may interact with some special sequences of DNA.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2006

Soft-template synthesis of single-crystalline CdS dendrites.

The single-crystalline CdS dendrites have been fabricated from the reaction of CdCl2 and thiourea at 180 degrees C, in which glycine was employed as a soft template. The obtained products were explored by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electronic diffraction. The optical properties of CdS dendrites have been investigated by ultraviolet and visible light (UV-vis) and photoluminescence techniques. The investigations indicated that the dendrites were grown due to the anisotropic properties enhanced by the use of Glycine in the route.

Cadmium Chloride↗
PubMed2006

Morphology and size dependent optical properties of CdS nanostructures.

CdS nanoparticles with different sizes ranging from 2.5 nm to 300 nm and nanorods with aspect ratio -32 were synthesized by simple solvothermal process with a view to explore the effect of size and shape on the optical properties of these nanoforms. Solvent, temperature and the Cd source played important role in determining the morphologies and sizes of the nanocrystals. Comparative study of the optical properties of these nanoforms showed systematic changes in the optical absorption spectra with the reduction in particle size. Nanorods showed bulk like properties. Photoluminescence and Raman studies were carried out to explore the size and morphology dependent optical properties of the CdS nanoforms.

Cadmium Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Early embryogenesis study on a dimethoate containing formulation and Cd-sulphate in chicken embryos.

The toxic effects of a widely used organophosphate insecticide (BI 58 EC containing 38% dimethoate as active ingredient) applied alone or in combination with cadmium sulphate modelling the heavy metal load of the environment were studied on chicken embryos in the early phase of development. Solutions and emulsions of different concentrations were made from the test materials and injected in 0.1 ml volume into the air space of eggs on the first day (day 0) of incubation. Subsequently, on days 2 and 3 of incubation permanent preparations were made from the embryos in order to study the early developmental stage. Embryos fixed on slides and stained with osmium tetroxide solution were studied under light microscope. Summarising the findings, it can be established that the embryotoxicity increased after the simultaneous administration of Cd-sulphate and 38% dimethoate containing insecticide formulation compared to the control or the individually treated groups.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗