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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A Longitudinal Field Investigation of Gender Differences in Individual Technology Adoption Decision-Making Processes.

This research investigated gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a 5-month period among 355 workers being introduced to a new software technology application. When compared to women's decisions, the decisions of men were more strongly influenced by their attitude toward using the new technology. In contrast, women were more strongly influenced by subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Sustained technology usage behavior was driven by early usage behavior, thus fortifying the lasting influence of gender-based early evaluations of the new technology. These findings were robust across income, organization position, education, and computer self-efficacy levels. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Brain locations controlling the behavioral effects of chronic amphetamine intoxication.

Rats were administered D-amphetamine repeatedly for 4 days. After day 1 of treatment, the amphetamine-induced increases in ambulation, rearing, and stereotyped activity were augmented. However, after 4 days treatment, the rearing and ambulatory responses became attenuated while the stereotyped activities remained augmented. Micro-injection studies revealed that both the augmentation and attenuation of nonstereotyped ambulation were generated from the nucleus accumbens. The augmentation of stereotyped behaviors was generated from the caudate nucleus. Chronically treated animals who were administered 0.7 but not 1.0 mg/kg apomorphine showed augmented behavioral response. Chronic amphetamine treatment significantly decreased (3H) spiroperidol binding in both the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus. However, no effect on the DA-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity was observed in either brain region. It is concluded that repeated D-amphetamine administration selectively augments and attenuates D-amphetamine-induced behaviors and that these selective effects are mediated by different dopamine systems.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1987

Dynamics and stimulus-dependence of pacemaker control during behavioral modulations in the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus.

1. Weakly electric fish generate around their bodies low-amplitude, AC electric fields which are used both for the detection of objects and intraspecific communication. The types of modulation in this signal of which the high-frequency wave-type gymnotiform, Apteronotus, is capable are relatively few and stereotyped. Chief among these is the chirp, a signal used in courtship and agonistic displays. Chirps are brief and rapid accelerations in the normally highly regular electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency. 2. Chirping can be elicited artificially in these animals by the use of a stimulus regime identical to that typically used to elicit another behavior, the jamming avoidance response (JAR). The neuronal basis for the JAR, a much slower and lesser alteration in EOD frequency, is well understood. Examination of the stimulus features which induce chirping show that, like the JAR, there is a region of frequency differences between the fish's EOD and the interfering signal that maximally elicits the response. Moreover, the response is sex-specific with regard to the sign of the frequency difference, with females chirping preferentially on the positive and most males on the negative Df. These features imply that the sensory mechanisms involved in the triggering of these communicatory behaviors are fundamentally similar to those explicated for the JAR. 3. Additionally, two other modulatory behaviors of unknown significance are described. The first is a non-selective rise in EOD frequency associated with a JAR stimulus, occurring regardless of the sign of the Df. This modulation shares many characteristics with the JAR. The second behavior, which we have termed a 'yodel', is distinct from and kinetically intermediate to chirping and the JAR. Moreover, unlike the other studied electromotor behaviors it is generally produced only after the termination of the eliciting stimulus.

Animal Communication↗
PubMed1988

Effects of diazepam, FG 7142, and RO 15-1788 on schedule-induced polydipsia and the temporal control of behavior.

Although benzodiazepine agonists and inverse agonists have opposite effects on drinking elicited by water deprivation, there is much less information about the effects of these drugs on nonhomeostatic drinking. In this experiment the effects of diazepam (0.3-5.0 mg/kg), a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, and FG 7142 (1.0-9.0 mg/kg), an inverse agonist, were determined on drinking elicited by a FT-60 schedule of food delivery (SIP). Both diazepam and FG 7142 dose-dependently reduced SIP, measured as either licking or volume consumed. In addition, diazepam reduced panel pressing for food, decreased locomotor activity, and changed the time course of each behavior. In contrast, FG 7142 reduced schedule-induced drinking without significantly altering other behaviors. The antagonist RO 15-1788, when given in combination with these drugs, only partially restored the reductions in licking produced by diazepam, but was much more effective in reversing the effects of FG 7142 at doses of the antagonist that failed by themselves to affect responding. The opposite pattern of effects was seen on the volume of water consumed. These effects are discussed in terms of the behavioral and pharmacological specificity of these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Portions of the central nervous system controlling reproductive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.

Drosophila melanogaster sex mosaics were tested in their courtship interactions with females and then with males. The distribution of genetically male and female tissues in each mosaic was determined with respect to an external cuticle marker and an internal enzyme marker. Performance of malelike courtship was correlated with the genotype of various tissues, with special attention being paid to the genotypes of head and thoracic ganglia. Male tissue in the left or right dorsal brain is necessary and nearly always sufficient to trigger early courtship actions--following of females and wing extension at them--but male tissue in both the dorsal brain and thoracic ganglia is necessary for attempted copulation to occur. Female tissue on or in the abdomen is nearly always necessary and sufficient for a mosaic to be courted by a male.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Sense organs: selective projections and control of behaviors].

Some aspects of comparative sensory physiology are reviewed in the context of the historical development. Emphasis is placed on the concepts how spatial and temporal stimulus patterns are processed into nervous excitation patterns and projected in the brain: Both receptor organs and neuron networks may act as selective filters for certain features of the stimulus situation. Neural projections represent not only the spatial distribution of the stimulus pattern but also other parameters. Excitation patterns resulting from the stimulus situation are compared in the neuronal networks with patterns inherited, learned, or inherited and modified by learning. The result of this comparison may then trigger the behavior necessary under the conditions present.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Adolescent suicidal behaviors as a function of depression, hopelessness, alcohol use, and social support: a longitudinal investigation.

Surveyed two high school cohorts (ns = 698 and 283) to study independent, prospective predictors of adolescent suicidal behaviors (thoughts, communication to others, attempts). Within each cohort, there were two measurements conducted 6 months apart. Structural equation models were tested, with depressive symptoms, hopelessness, alcohol consumption, social support, and gender serving as predictors. In the larger cohort, depression predicted later levels of all three suicidal behaviors controlling for baseline suicidal behaviors. Also, suicidal thoughts predicted later communications, and suicide attempts predicted future thoughts. In the smaller cohort, alcohol consumption predicted all three suicidal behaviors at the later measurement, whereas depression was predictive only of later thoughts. Major issues regarding prevention, theories of suicide and negative affect, and methodological/analytical approaches were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Body orientation and face orientation: two factors controlling apes' behavior from humans.

A number of animal species have evolved the cognitive ability to detect when they are being watched by other individuals. Precisely what kind of information they use to make this determination is unknown. There is particular controversy in the case of the great apes because different studies report conflicting results. In experiment 1, we presented chimpanzees, orangutans, and bonobos with a situation in which they had to request food from a human observer who was in one of various attentional states. She either stared at the ape, faced the ape with her eyes closed, sat with her back towards the ape, or left the room. In experiment 2, we systematically crossed the observer's body and face orientation so that the observer could have her body and/or face oriented either towards or away from the subject. Results indicated that apes produced more behaviors when they were being watched. They did this not only on the basis of whether they could see the experimenter as a whole, but they were sensitive to her body and face orientation separately. These results suggest that body and face orientation encode two different types of information. Whereas face orientation encodes the observer's perceptual access, body orientation encodes the observer's disposition to transfer food. In contrast to the results on body and face orientation, only two of the tested subjects responded to the state of the observer's eyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Frontal-striatal control of behavioral inhibition in the rat.

The direct application of crystalline dopamine, D-amphetamine or scopolamine in microgram quantities to the ventral anterior region of the corpus striatum (VAS) of rats increased their responding for food on a modified DRL-30 sec schedule of reinforcement. Similar applications of norepinephrine were less effective than dopamine, while the anticholinesterase eserine depressed responding. Electrolytic lesions of the ventrolateral, but not the dorsomedial, prefrontal cortex of rats also increased their response rates. These results were interpreted as being consistent with the idea of a dopamine-acetylcholine antagonism in the VAS whose net output modulate behavioral inhibition. This striatal mechanism may be influenced by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Bilateral imbalance in striatal DA-uptake controls rotation behavior.

We tested the relation between bilateral imbalance in striatal DA uptake and asymmetric rotation behavior. Rats were screened for either spontaneous or amphetamine-induced preferred direction of rotation and the presynaptic DA transporter in the ipsi- and contralateral striatum was characterized in vitro by measuring [3H]DA uptake or [3H]GBR-12935 binding. DA uptake was lower in the striatum contralateral to either the spontaneous or amphetamine-induced preferred direction of rotation. Similar imbalance in the density of the transporter was confirmed by the binding experiments. These results support the hypothesis that striatal imbalance in DA uptake produces asymmetric behavior during spontaneous rotation. Further studies are required to assess the involvement of DA transporter imbalance in amphetamine-induced behavioral asymmetry.

Amphetamine↗