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PubMed2001

Pathophysiology of cold exposure.

The change in core temperature that occurs as a result of exposure to cold air or water affects all body systems. A decrease in core temperature induces shivering, then muscle stiffness; depresses the central nervous and respiratory systems; triggers cardiac arrhythmias and vasoconstriction; and affects body [figure: see text] fluid balance. Cold water immersion presents additional considerations, including the general shock effect on the cardiac and respiratory systems and the triggering of the diving reflex when the entire body is immersed. Basic education and precautions can prevent most cases [figure: see text] of accidental hypothermia; but when they do occur, treatment should include controlled rewarming, especially if the core temperature is below 32 degrees C.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormonal control during dehydration and rehydration in the bedouin goat.

Regulation of body fluid homeostasis within narrow limits depends mainly on the maintenance of a balanced water economy. The capability of maintaining body fluids under a wide range of environmental conditions is known to be controlled primarily by the level of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), which regulates renal water absorption, and also by the thirst mechanism (Adolph, 1967; Fitzsimon, 1979). The conservation of solutes, particularly sodium, is as vital to the animal as the conservation of water. Sodium content is controlled primarily by the renin and aldosterone systems and by sodium appetite (Denton, 1982). This paper examines the above factors in dehydrated Bedouin goats undergoing a state of rapid rehydration.

Aldosterone↗