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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Isolation of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis strains in Poland.

Fecal samples of 120 children (2 weeks to 3.5 year old) hospitalized in a pediatrical ward were investigated. In 56 of them diarrhea was observed. Out of 45 anaerobic gram-negative isolated rods, two Bacteroides fragilis strains were enterotoxigenic. Production of enterotoxin was established on the Human Colonic Epithelial Cell Line HT29/C1.

Bacteroides Infections↗
PubMed1994

Bacterial structure and functional relation to abscess formation.

The capsular polysaccharide complex (CPC) of Bacteroides fragilis exhibits unusual biologic properties. This polysaccharide complex promotes the formation of abscesses and prevents abscess induction in a rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis. Each of these biologic properties is mediated by a T cell-dependent immune mechanism. The CPC consists of two distinct polysaccharides, PS A and PS B, each with repeating units that have positively charged amino groups and negatively charged carboxyl or phosphate groups. Analysis of these polysaccharides as well as other charged carbohydrates before and after chemical modification revealed that these oppositely charged groups are required for promotion of intra-abdominal abscesses as well as for protection against abscess induction. These studies provide a structural rationale for the distinct properties associated with the B. fragilis CPC, and delineate one mechanism by which this host response occurs.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Infected aortic bifurcation grafts: experience with fourteen patients.

The experience with 14 patients with infected aortic bifurcation grafts has been reviewed. Factors which appeared to predispose to infection in 11 patients included "re-do" operations, concomitant cholecystectomy or gastrostomy, and ruptured abdominal aneurysm. A mixture of gastrointestinal organisms was responsible for the infections. The pathogenesis, presentation, and treatment varied according to whether the proximal or distal anastomosis was involved or not. Aortoduodenal communications were present in five patients; they presented with gastrointestinal bleeding or septicemia. One patient survived as a result of early, aggressive surgical therapy. Infection presented at the distal anastomosis in nine patients, either as groin abscess or false aneurysm. Conservative therapy failed in the majority of patients but apparently was successful in three of five patients in whom infection did not involve the intra-abdominal portion of the graft. When infection does involve the intra-abdominal portion of the graft, then the graft must be excised also. Revascularization often can be accomplished with extra-anatomic bypasses of prosthesis or autogenous material, depending on the characteristics of the individual patient. Regardless of the mode of presentation or the site of infection, the early institution of judicious surgical management offers the best chance of success in these patients, and temporization usually leads to failure.

Aortic Aneurysm↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of the E-test for susceptibility testing of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Danish study group.

The susceptibilities of 100 clinical isolates belonging to the Bacteroides fragilis group to 9 antibiotics, i.e. ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, imipenem, erythromycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole, were tested using a standard agar dilution method and the E-test. Overall, 81% of the E-test MICs were within one log2 dilution step of the agar dilution MICs and 95% were within two log2 dilution steps. The E-test showed significantly lower MIC values than the agar dilution method for ampicillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem, and significantly higher MIC values for piperacillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole. However, this only resulted in minor discrepancies that did not change the susceptibility status. The E-test is easy to perform and read, and the MIC values correlated well with the MICs obtained by the agar dilution method when testing susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1976

Gram-hegative bacillemia.

Members of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group now appear to be the most common cuase of gram-negative bacillemia, followed in order of frequency by E. coli, Bacteroides, polymicrobic infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and miscellaneous pathogens. However, E coli continues to be the organism most frequently responsilbe for bacteremia arising from the urinary tract. Although the urinary tract remains the most common portal of entry for gram-negative bacillemia, a wide variety of extraurinary lesions have assumed increased importance in the pathogenesis of this condition. There is marked variability in the clinical course and outcome of gram-negative bacillemia. Grade of underlying disease and grade of illness cuased by infection are major determinants of fatal outcome. When the patient with gram-negative bacillemia has severe illness due to infection, prompt and decisive action is necessary to prevent death. Antimicrobiol drugs are administered on the basis of a presumptive etiologic diagnosis after appropriate smears and cultures are obtained, but before the causal organism is definitively identified or its in vitro susceptibility is determined. The presumptive etiologic diagnosis is based upon knowledge of the anatomic location of the infection, the circujstances involved in its development, and certain clinical clues. Knowledge of the antimicrobial drugs most likely to be effective against the suspected pathogen(s) will provide a rational basis for selection of antimicrobial agents until the results of definitive microbiologic studies are available. Using this approach, the mortality of gram-negative bacillemia arising from the urinary tract has been reduced markedly from the mortality reported in earlier years.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in Denmark. Danish Study Group.

Resistance rates to 9 antibiotics were determined for 370 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group submitted during a 5-month period in 1990-91 from 6 laboratories in Denmark. There was no resistance to imipenem (MIC > 8 mg/l) or metronidazole (MIC > 16 mg/l), while resistance to ampicillin was the rule (97% at > 4 mg/l) and to ceftriaxone rather common (19% at > 32 mg/l). Resistance was uncommon to cefoxitin (0.5% at > 32 mg/l), cefotaxime (6% at > 32 mg/l), piperacillin (7% at > 64 mg/l), ampicillin/sulbactam (1% at > 16 mg/l), and clindamycin (3% at > 4 mg/l). Two hundred and thirty-nine strains were Bacteroides fragilis. The 131 other strains were generally more resistant than the Bacteroides fragilis strains. For 5 antibiotics the Bacteroides fragilis had a significantly lower MIC in western than in eastern laboratories. For the group with other strains there was no significant difference.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Myocardial abscess complicating healed myocardial infarction.

An isolated myocardial abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis developed in the scar of a myocardial infarction. Fever, chills and signs of pericarditis were the main clinical features. Mild enteritis 1 week prior to the onset of symptoms related to the abscess was the most likely cause of the bacteremia. The diagnosis was established at thoracotomy, performed because of cardiac tamponade. Thirteen other cases of isolated bacterial myocardial abscess accompanying myocardial infarction have been reported, but all the infarctions were recent. Surgical resection for a suspected myocardial abscess should be considered in view of the high mortality, largely from cardiac rupture.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Sternoarticualr pyoarthrosis due to gram-negative bacilli. Report of eight cases.

Of eight patients with Gram-negative bacillary sternoarticular pyoarthrosis, seven were long-term intravenous heroin abusers. Clinical onset was insidious and a long delay (one month or more) in seeking hospitalization was usually noted. Anterior chest discomfort and painful, restricted homolateral shoulder motion were the chief complaints. Fever and monoarticular arthritis were universally present, Open synovial biopsy examination was frequently required for etiologic diagnosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated. Roentgenographic evidence of associated osteomyelitis was usually seen, but tomography was often necessary to delineate this lesion. Intraoperatively, associated osteomyelitis of the clavicular head and/or sternum was present in all eight cases and a perisynovial and/or retrosternal abscess was found in five patients. Early surgical exploration and prolonged antimicrobial therapy yielded excellent results.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1996

A successfully treated case of multiple liver abscesses accompanied by portal venous gas.

A case with multiple liver abscess accompanied by massive portal venous gas is reported. A 61-yr-old male was admitted because of left lower abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. Abdominal x-ray examination demonstrated multiple branching lucencies in the liver. Computed tomography revealed multiple liver abscesses and massive gas in the portal system as well as a thickened wall of the sigmoid colon. Enema study using contrast medium revealed a perforation of the sigmoid colon with diverticulitis. The outcome was favorable after sigmoid colectomy in addition to intensive treatment with antibiotics. Bacteroides fragilis, which produces gas (H2 and NH3) by fermentation, was isolated not only from the resected specimen but also from blood samples. Although the presence of portal venous gas is a sign of poor prognosis in patients with intestinal infectious diseases, the sensitive detection of hepatic portal venous gas by computed tomography and the appropriate treatment may improve the patient's prognosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗