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Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and alcoholism: intoxication, dependence, vulnerability, and treatment.

CONTEXT: Alcohol facilitates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function, and GABA type A (GABA(A)) receptor-facilitating agents suppress alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Advances in molecular neuroscience, genetics, and neuroimaging provide new insights into the role of brain GABA systems in short- and long-term alcohol effects. OBJECTIVE: To review the role of brain GABA systems in alcohol response, alcohol dependence, alcoholism vulnerability, and alcoholism pharmacotherapy. DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: Alcohol increases GABA release, raises neurosteroid levels, and may potently enhance the function of a GABA(A) receptor subclass that shows high affinity for GABA and neurosteroids, relative insensitivity to benzodiazepines, low chloride conductance, and an extrasynaptic location. Variation in GABA(A) receptor subunit genes may contribute to the vulnerability to alcoholism, particularly in the context of environmental risk factors. Alcohol dependence is associated with time-dependent changes in brain GABA(A) receptor density and subunit gene expression levels that contribute to a withdrawal-related deficit in GABA(A) receptor function. However, cortical GABA levels are not reduced during acute withdrawal. Benzodiazepine-assisted detoxification enhances a phasic component of GABA function. However, novel treatments target the tonic component of GABA neurotransmission mediated by benzodiazepine-insensitive GABA(A) receptors. Smoking attenuates withdrawal-related disturbances in brain GABA function, perhaps contributing to comorbid nicotine and alcohol dependence. The GABA systems show recovery with long-term sobriety. CONCLUSIONS: Recent research deepens our understanding of the role of GABA systems in alcohol action, alcohol dependence, and the vulnerability to alcoholism. Also, GABA(A) receptor subtype-selective treatments merit exploration for reducing withdrawal symptoms and drinking in alcohol-dependent individuals.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical picture and diagnosis of heart disease in chronic alcoholism and alcoholic intoxication].

Clinical patterns and diagnosis of alcoholic cardiopathies were evaluated in 120 patients. Cardialgia, ECG changes, heart rate disorders and signs of heart failure are manifestations of alcoholic myocardiodystrophy. Narcologic history and alcoholism markers are essential for the diagnosis of alcoholic cardiopathy. The diagnosis should be based on conventional investigation procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas.

The clinical assessment of an acutely intoxicated patient should be performed with meticulous care and include repetitive examinations to properly determine the patient's condition. Multiple factors, such as trauma and concomitant use of other drugs, can confuse the diagnostic picture and affect the choice of therapy. In this article, Dr Yost reviews the diagnostic considerations, appropriate treatment, and clinic discharge for the intoxicated patient.

Adult↗