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[Prevalence of Aeromonas spp. pediatric gastroenteritis].

A selective medium and biochemical tests were used to search for Aeromonas spp. in the stools of 536 children, more than 90% of whom had "gastroenteritis", seen at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, in June or July 1986. The organism was found in seven children, six of whom had bloody diarrhea. One of the six, a 6 1/2-year-old boy, required intravenous alimentation and later manifested ulcerative colitis; the other five recovered. The remaining child, a 14-year-old boy, had synovitis of the knee and spondylarthritis. Two of the seven carried other enteric pathogens. The authors discuss the pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp., which is not very marked in temperate climates, in human summer diarrhea and its possible role in the development of ulcerative colitis.

Adolescent↗

Hydroxamate-induced spectral perturbations of cobalt Aeromonas aminopeptidase.

The absorption spectrum of cobalt(II)-substituted Aeromonas aminopeptidase is markedly perturbed by the presence of equimolar concentrations of D-amino acid hydroxamates and acyl hydroxamates that have previously been shown to be powerful inhibitors of this enzyme (Wilkes, S. H., and Prescott, J. M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13517-13521). D-Valine hydroxamate produces the most distinctive perturbation, splitting the characteristic 527 nm absorption peak of the cobalt enzyme to form peaks at 564, 520, and 487 nm with molar extinction values of 126, 98, and 67 M-1 cm-1, respectively. A qualitatively similar perturbation, albeit with lower extinction values, results from the addition of D-leucine hydroxamate, whereas D-alanine hydroxamate perturbs the spectrum, but does not evoke the peak at 564 nm. In contrast, hydroxamates of L-valine and L-leucine in concentrations equi-molar to that of the enzyme produce only faint indications of change in the spectrum, but the hydroxamates of several other L-amino acids perturb the spectrum essentially independently of the identity of the side chain and in a qualitatively different manner from that of D-valine hydroxamate and D-leucine hydroxamate. At the high enzyme:substrate ratios used in the spectral experiments, L-leucine hydroxamate and L-valine hydroxamate proved to be rapidly hydrolyzed, hence their inability to perturb the spectrum of the cobalt-substituted enzyme during the time course of a spectral experiment. Values of kcat for L-amino acid hydroxamates, all of which are good reversible inhibitors of the hydrolysis of L-leucine-p-nitroanilide by Aeromonas aminopeptidase, were found to range from 0.01 min-1 to 5.6 min-1 for the native enzyme and from 0.27 min-1 to 108 min-1 for the cobalt-substituted enzyme; their km values toward the cobalt aminopeptidase range from 1.2 X 10(-7) M to 1.9 X 10(-5) M. The mutual exclusivity of binding for hydroxamate inhibitors and 1-butaneboronic acid, previously shown by kinetics (Baker, J. O., Wilkes, S. H., Bayliss, M. E., and Prescott, J. M. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2098-2103), was reflected in the characteristic spectra produced by these two types of inhibitors.

Aeromonas↗

Detection of fish antibody against protein antigen of Aeromonas salmonicida by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using biotin-avidin system.

Antibody against Aeromonas salmonicida was detected in sera from immunised or experimentally infected rainbow trout by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the biotin-avidin system. The ELISA titre correlated well with the agglutinin titres of the sera, but the ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the agglutination test. When the rainbow trout serum was separated by column chromatography, antibody activity (determined by ELISA and agglutination test) was detected in the IgM fractions. Minimum cross reaction was observed in the ELISA system between antigen prepared from A salmonicida and antibodies against Vibrio species and other species of Aeromonas. The specificity of the ELISA was also confirmed by inhibition test. Immunisation of rainbow trout with a virulent strain of A salmonicida provided good protection, though no correlation was observed between the protection and the ELISA titres of sera.

Aeromonas↗

Aeromonas hydrophila-associated colitis in a male homosexual.

A 37-year-old homosexual man was evaluated for a one-week history of hematochezia. Results of a physical examination were remarkable only for grossly bloody stool. Sigmoidoscopy to 30 cm showed a friable mucosa compatible with an acute colitis, and a rectal biopsy specimen demonstrated an increased plasma cell infiltrate. Stool cultures subsequently yielded Aeromonas hydrophila; serum human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antibody titer was positive. The patient responded to a course of treatment with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim with resolution of his symptoms and restoration of the bowel to a normal sigmoidoscopic appearance. Aeromonas hydrophila infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute proctocolitis, particularly in patients with underlying immunodeficiency states.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

[Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni, Aeromonas hydrophila, helicoidal bacteria and coronavirus in the murine intestine].

Intestinal contents of 28 laboratory-bred white mice and 6 wild-caught rats were extracted and observed with phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy; cultures were made in Butzler agar and aeromonas, incubated in microaerobiosis, at 37 degrees C for 5 days. In three mice and two rats, helicoidal bacteria were observed, with 8 to 11 periplasmic fibers and terminal branches of 8 to 11 structures, similar to flagella. In one of the rats, coronavirus-like particles were observed. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated in cultures from two mice and Aeromonas hydrophila from two rats.

Aeromonas↗

Pyogenic meningitis manifesting during therapy for Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis.

Pyogenic meningitis became apparent on the third day of ampicillin and gentamicin therapy for Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis in a patient with severe alcoholic hepatitis. The patient responded clinically to therapy with intravenous cefotaxime sodium and gentamicin sulfate. Antibiotic therapy that provides adequate CSF concentrations should be considered in the treatment of patients with Aeromonas sepsis.

Adult↗

[Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia. Epidemiologic aspects. 15 cases].

Fifteen cases of Aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia, characterized by their frequent pulmonary lesions and the severity of their course, are reported. The delay observed between admission to hospital and first symptoms, together with the presence of anatomical lesions or physiological disturbances suggesting bacterial invasion by the intestinal route, have led the authors to postulate a nosocomial digestive contamination, probably from water, as suggested by the particular ecology of this micro-organism. This hypothesis was supported by the finding of Aeromonas hydrophila in large numbers at the different points of the hospital water distribution system where samples were taken.

Adult↗

Aeromonas hydrophila myonecrosis and gas gangrene in a nonimmunocompromised host.

Aeromonas hydrophila myonecrosis with gas gangrene and bacteremia developed in an elderly patient after minor trauma from a fishbone. Despite aggressive medical and surgical therapy, she experienced a rapidly fatal outcome. Literature on Aeromonas muscle infection is reviewed and implications for therapy are discussed.

Aeromonas↗

[Testing the differentiatioin medium of Rimler and Schotts for the detection and identification of Aeromonas hydrophila].

The differentiating medium after Rimler and Shotts (R-S substrate) was tested on 152 strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae, i. e. on the strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The accuracy of the prompt identification of the strains of Aeromonas hydrophila in this medium is 94.8 % and the preparation of the substrate is easy. The R-S substrate is recommended to be used in investigating the cause of mortality or morbidity in cold-blooded animals, particularly in reptiles and amphibians, and in mammals which are in contact with water. Bacteriological examinations can also be performed with this medium.

Aeromonas↗

Comparison of selected diagnostic tests for detection of motile Aeromonas septicemia in fish.

Cultural isolation, slide agglutination (SA), tube agglutination (TA), microagglutination (MA), and fluorescent antibody (FA) techniqes were compared as methods for detecting motile aeromonas septicemia in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Tests were conducted on naturally infected fish from feral populations and commercial sources, as well as on fish which were experimentally infected with a virulent culture of Aeromonas hydrophila. Increased levels of specific serum agglutinins to A hydrophila were demonstrable only in fish from whose blood the organism could be recovered. It was concluded that the SA procedure was an effective diagnostic test which would be most useful under field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the TA, MA, and FA procedures were found to be equally effective in detecting the level of serum agglutinins to A hydrophila. The FA procedure, however, was more sensitive than any of the agglutination procedures and could be performed in less time than TA or MA.

Aeromonas↗

Aeromonas hydrophila in wild-caught frogs and tadpoles (Rana pipiens) in Minnesota.

Frogs and tadpoles were captured at 14 sites in and near Minnesota during 1978-79 and nearly all appeared healthy. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 94 of 294 (32%) juvenile and adult frogs and from 66 of 104 (63%) tadpoles. Of the isolates from frogs and tadpoles respectively, 68% and 47% were from the intestine only, 12% and 32% were from the intestine and the other sites, and 20% and 21% were from extraintestinal sites only. Isolations were more frequent from frogs collected in March-June than in August-November. Evidence was not found that disease due to Aeromonas hydrophila was a primary cause of declining Rana pipiens populations in Minnesota.

Aeromonas↗

Molluscan immunobiology: isolation of an Aeromonas formicans which escapes the internal defense system of Helix pomatia.

Bacterial infections are surprisingly rare in wild populations of gastropod molluscs. A strain of Aeromonas formicans, which has now been isolated, kills Helix pomatia, a land snail, when injected at doses greater than 10(6) viable cells g-1 snail weight. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with this organism. Initial clearance of Aeromonas from the circulation was followed within hours by a bacteremia; since neither culture supernatants, killed cells nor cell extracts killed Helix, there is evidently no specific lethal toxin; death appeared to be due to a general septicemia.

Aeromonas↗

Toxic factors of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides.

In detail, exoproducts of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides were studied on the pathogenesis of diarrhoea. Enterotoxin, hemolysin and a cytotoxic factor were found in a fraction of culture filtrates of Aeromonas hydrophila with a molecular weight of approximatley 60,000. Apart there from a cytotoxic factor was also found in a fraction with molecular weight above 100,000. This fraction contained also endotoxin which was hemolytic, too. Enterotoxic activity was expressed by an accumulation of fluid in the ligated ileal loop and by increased vascular permeability in the skin of rabbit. Activation of adenylate cyclase was not found. Cytotoxic activity was represented by hemorrhagic reaction in the skin of rabbit, in some cases by sanguinous and mucous fluid in the ligated ileal loop and by significant morphological alterations on Vero cells leading to the death of cells. Culture filtrates of Plesiomonas shigelloides show only very low activity in biological experiments. Separation and purification steps led to a more concentrated and active material.

Aeromonas↗

Aeromonas hydrophila as the etiologic agent in severe gastroenteritis: report of a case.

Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from stool of an 82-year-old female with severe gastroenteritis. The stool was foamy and varied in color from green to yellow. The isolated organism was susceptible to most aminoglycosides. The tetracycline therapy cleared the organism from the stool and the patient's condition improved. The biochemical characteristics of the organism were similar to coliform bacilli: the oxidase test was necessary to differentiate Aeromonas sp. from coliforms. The patient did not have any major underlying disease. This case report documented the need to test all isolates resembling coliform bacilli by the oxidase test.

Aeromonas↗

[Bone infections due to Aeromonas hydrophila--apropos of 2 case reports].

The authors report on two cases of bone infection due to Aeromonas hydrophila: one case in a compound fracture and the other a late infection in an implant. They confirm the rapid onset of systemic infectious disease but not the magnitude of local manifestations. The use of modern antibiotics sensitive to Aeromonas proved effective in lowering the risk of dramatic local evolution which has been described.

Adult↗

Influence of active site and tyrosine modification on the secretion and activity of the Aeromonas hydrophila lipase/acyltransferase.

Aeromonas sp. secrete a lipase/acyltransferase that shares several properties with the mammalian plasma enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Reaction of the enzyme with tetranitromethane led to modification of 2 tyrosines and a nearly 80% decline in enzyme activity. Replacing Tyr230 with Phe altered the activity of the enzyme in the same way as did treatment with tetranitromethane. Unlike the wild type enzyme, which preferentially hydrolyzes the 2-position acyl chain of phosphatidylcholine, the Y230F mutant enzyme did not discriminate between the 1- and 2-positions of the phospholipid. Tyr230 may be necessary to correctly position phospholipid substrates at the active site. Several amino acids around the active site Ser16 of the lipase were also changed. Replacing Ser18 with Gly, bringing the enzyme's sequence into line with the "lipase consensus sequence," resulted in reduced secretion of the protein and complete loss of activity. Changing this serine to Val led to an inactive protein that was not secreted at all. Substituting Phe13 in the hydrophobic region of the consensus sequence with Ser also prevented secretion, although the mutant protein appeared to be active. The Aeromonas lipase may represent a distinct group of lipolytic enzymes which have a novel active site structure.

Acyltransferases↗

[Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of 282 pediatric patients with mesophilic Aeromonas isolated from feces].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the microbiological characteristics and the clinical aspects of pediatric patients (age < 14 years) with infectious diarrhea due to one of the species included among the mesophilic Aeromonas group (AMs) from January 1989 to December 1991. METHODS: The samples (stools) were processed following the routine methodology recommended. For isolation of AMs the XDCA medium was used and identification of species was performed by gas production tests from glucose and esculin hydrolysis. Clinical and epidemiologic features were recorded by means of a retrospective analysis of the clinical histories. RESULTS: In 30.3% of the 7,653 stool-cultures studied, an enteropathogenic microorganism identified as S. enterica (I) was isolated in 979 (12.8%), 536 cases to Campylobacter sp. (7.0%) infection, 58 to Shigella sp. (0.7%), 56 to Y. enterocolitica (0.7%, 221 to rotavirus (2.8%) and 49 to adenovirus (0.6%) The presence of AMs was detected in 282 patients (3.7%), representing 12% of the all positive stool-cultures. The species isolated were A. caviae (54.9%), A. sobria (21.9%) and A. hydrophila (23.1%). In 56% of the cases the AMs were isolated as the single pathogen. Thirty-nine point seven percent of the isolations were performed in patients aged less than 12 months (17% with less than 3 months). The A. caviae species was found to be predominant among the breast-fed babies (51.7%). Seventy percent of the children of 0-3 months presented A. caviae as unique pathogen. A total of 84.3% of the children infected with A. caviae, had been or were being fed with artificial lactation. AMs predominated in the late summer-early fall months (August-October) reading the maximum rate of isolations in these months (35.3 cases/month). CONCLUSIONS: Infections gastroenteritis due to mesophilic Aeromonas in the authors' geographic area appears to affect males mainly, and presents as an acute self-limited diarrhea, community-acquired. The predominance of A. caviae during the lactation period and in the first three months of life are data which should be further considered and confirmed.

Adolescent↗

Treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in a deep tissue wound.

We report the case of a young woman who sustained a knee laceration in an automobile accident and was subsequently exposed to water. Although properly cleansed and closed, her wound became infected and she was initially treated with a single-dose parenteral cephalosporin. The infection progressed and cultures indicated a polymicrobial infection which included Aeromonas hydrophila. Significant tissue damage ensued and a lengthy hospitalization was required. Aeromonas, although rarely a cause of infection in otherwise healthy individuals, should be suspected in wounds exposed to fresh water.

Accidents, Traffic↗