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PubMed1981

Morphological and functional differentiation of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat adrenocortical cell lines.

This study was undertaken to examine relationships of the phenotype of malignant cells to target cell properties and to events early in the transformation process. Eighteen transformed lines were obtained by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus infection of cells from adrenal glands of rats ages 4 to 30 weeks, at first or second passages in culture. They were grown either as fibroblastic adrenocortical stem cells or as more differentiated epithelial cells, depending on culture conditions. Of 14 lines examined for their capacity to synthesize corticosteroids, 11 converted [14C]pregnenolone to progesterone, and one converted to deoxycorticosterone. In vivo, seven lines produced tumors resembling pleomorphic carcinomas, six lines grew as sarcomas, four grew as mixed tumors, and one line produced anaplastic tumors. Distinguishing features in culture of the carcinoma-producing lines were early onset and rapid progression of morphological transformation, a noncohesive epithelial cell form in some lines, lack of extracellular matrix, and, possibly, and origin in older animals. In contrast, sarcoma-producing cells were fibroblastic and cohesive, produced extracellular matrix, and transformed morphologically after longer and less well-defined periods in culture. The variation in histopathology was unrelated to the differentiation of the target cells and to the capacity of the transformed cells to synthesize corticosteroids. The results show that adrenocortical cells, transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus after short-term culture, usually retain some functional differentiation and sometimes resemble human adrenocortical carcinomas histologically. The susceptibility of adrenocortical cells to Kirsten murine sarcoma virus raises the possibility that mesodermally derived epithelia in general may be target tissues for C-type sarcoma viruses.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1995

Adrenocortical carcinoma: epidemiology and natural history.

Information about epidemiology, natural history and prognostic factors of adrenocortical carcinoma in Italy is extremely scarce. We report here 35 patients of adult age who were referred to our institution in the last two decades. Nine patients had non functioning, and 26 had functioning tumors. In non-functional tumors initial symptoms were abdominal pain in 90% of cases, fever, weakness, malaise, weight loss in 30%. Only one patient was asymptomatic. Of patients with functioning tumors, 18 presented with Cushing's syndrome, 6 with Cushing's syndrome and virilization, 1 with Cushing's syndrome and feminilization and 1 with hyperaldosteronism. Twenty-two of all cases (63%) had metastases at diagnosis; most frequent sites were lung, liver and distant lymph nodes. The results of tumor staging, according to MacFarlane system, were: stage I, 1 patient (3%); stage II, 10 patients (28%); stage III-IV, 24 patients (69%). Twenty-six out of 35 patients underwent removal of the mass with complete adrenalectomy. Twelve patients received mitotane alone; 8 mitotane and chemotherapy; 5 chemotherapy alone; 2 radiotherapy associated with mitotane or chemotherapy; 1 anthalgic radiotherapy. Survival time ranged from 1 to 108 months. One-year survival rate was 60%, and 5-year survival rate was 10%. Lower survival rate compared with that reported from other countries is probably related to the referring of patients at very advanced stages of disease. Early recognition and referral, in addition to optimization of therapeutic protocols by multicenter studies, may improve prognostic aspects.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1977

[Feminizing adrenal cortex carcinoma in a 66-year-old man].

Feminizing tumors of the adrenal cortex in man are very rare. The case is reported of a 66-year-old man who had a carcinoma of the right adrenal cortex which produced various steroid fractions. In the primary tumor and in the second reccurrence the estrogens were dominant. In electron microscopy the tumor cells are poorly differentiated. They may be attributed to the fasciculo-reticular layer and show no signs specific for their secretory activity. The patient died 2 1/2 years after onset of the disease. The case is discussed in the light of the pertinent literature.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗