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PubMed2000

Slit x-ray beam primary dose profiles determined by analytical transport of Compton recoil electrons.

Accurate measurement of radiation beam penumbras is essential for conformal radiotherapy. For this purpose a detailed knowledge of the dosimeter's spatial response is required. However, experimental determination of detector spatial response is cumbersome and restricted to the specific detector type and beam spectrum used. A model has therefore been developed to calculate in slit beam geometry both dose profiles and detector response profiles. Summations over representative photon beam spectra yield profiles for polyenergetic beams. In the present study the model is described and resulting dose profiles verified. The model combines Compton scattering of incident photons, transport of resulting electrons by Fermi-Eyges small-angle multiple scattering theory, and functions to limit electron transport. This analytic model thus yields line spread kernels of primary dose in a water phantom. It is shown that the spatial response of an ideal point detector to a primary photon beam can be well described by the model; the calculations are verified by measurements with a diamond detector in a telescopic slit geometry in which all dose contributions except for the primary dose can be excluded. Effects of photon detector behavior, source size of the linear accelerator (linac) and detector size are studied. Measurements show that slit dose profiles calculated by means of the kernel are accurate within 0.1 mm of the full-width at half-maximum. For a theoretical point source and point detector combined with a 0.2 mm wide slit, the full-width half-maximum values of the slit beam dose profiles are calculated as 0.37 mm and 0.42 mm in a 6 MV and 25 MV x-ray beam, respectively. The present study shows that the model is adequate to calculate local dose effects that are dominated by approximately mono-directional, primary photon fluence. The analytic model further provides directional electron fluence information and is designed to be applied to various detectors and linac beam spectra.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1991

Spatial response profiles of posteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons and auditory-nerve fibers in unanesthetized decerebrate cats: response to pure tones.

Encoding of 1- and 5-kHz pure tones by auditory-nerve (AN) fibers and choppers of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) was investigated. Neuronal responses were analyzed as the discharge rate, rate change, and the mean and standard deviation (or sigma) of spike counts. The major findings are: (1) Sideband inhibitory areas were observed in spatial profiles of rate changes of PVCN choppers whereas they were absent in those of AN fibers; (2) spatial profiles of rate changes and mean discharge rates of PVCN choppers were sharper than those of high spontaneous-rate (HSR) AN fibers and were comparable to those of low and medium SR (LMSR) AN fibers for 1 kHz at 50 and 70 dB SPL re: 20 microPa; (3) to 5 kHz, 30 dB SPL, PVCN choppers were strongly driven comparable to HSR AN fibers whereas LMSR AN fibers were weakly driven (implying higher thresholds); (4) PVCN choppers exhibited higher maximum discharge rates (300-600 spikes/s) than either LMSR AN fibers (200-250 spikes/s) or HSR AN fibers (150-250 spikes/s); (5) mean-to-sigma ratios of PVCN choppers, particularly at 70 dB SPL, were much higher than those of LMSR or HSR AN fibers; (6) rate-change profiles of LMSR AN fibers were distinct from those of HSR AN fibers, more conspicuously for 1 kHz than for 5 kHz; (7) the neural response profiles to 5 kHz were sharper than those to 1 kHz; and (8) 45% of PVCN choppers in the present study exhibited SR greater than 20 spikes/s whereas only 11%-12% of AVCN choppers in previous studies of anesthetized cats exhibited the same SR, which may represent an effect of anesthesia. The observations support a hypothesis that the transformation of the discharge-rate signal from AN fibers to PVCN choppers leads to an amplification of the mean discharge-rate signal with an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. The observations suggest that PVCN choppers can encode pure-tone frequency in a spatial profile more accurately than HSR or LMSR AN fibers. The present data on AN and PVCN spatial profiles should be valuable to CN modeling studies by providing the input to the CN and the output of a class of physiologically characterized CN neurons for an identical set of stimuli.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Diversity within Serogroups of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae in the Palouse Region of Eastern Washington as Indicated by Plasmid Profiles, Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance, and Topography.

Serology, plasmid profiles, and intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR) were determined for 192 isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae from nodules of peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown on the south slope and bottomland topographic positions in eastern Washington State. A total of 3 serogroups and 18 plasmid profile groups were identified. Nearly all isolates within each plasmid profile group were specific for one of the three serogroups. Cluster analysis of IAR data showed that individual clusters were dominated by one serogroup and by one or two plasmid profile groups. Plasmid profile analysis and IAR analysis grouped 72% of the isolates similarly. Most plasmid profile groups and several IAR clusters favored either the south slope or the bottomland topographic position. These findings show that certain intraserogroup strains possess a greater competitiveness for nodulation and/or possess a greater ability to survive in adjacent soil environments.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Lipopolysaccharide profiles from nodules as markers of bradyrhizobium strains nodulating wild legumes.

To develop the use of electrophoretic lipopolysaccharide profiles for Bradyrhizobium strain identification, we studied the feasibility of using electrophoresis of whole legume nodule homogenates to obtain distinctive lipopolysaccharide profiles. The electrophoretic patterns were the same whether we used nodule extracts, bacteroids, or cultured bacteria as samples, and there was no evidence of changes in the ladder-like pattern during the nodulation process. To assess the reliability of using lipopolysaccharide profiling performed with individual nodules for studying the diversity and microdistribution of the rhizobia nodulating wild shrub legumes, we used a population of Adenocarpus foliolosus seedlings. We obtained 75 different profiles from the 147 nodules studied. There was no dominant profile in the sample, and a plant with different nodules generally produced different profiles. Electrophoresis of legume root nodules proved to be a fast and discriminating technique for determining the diversity of a bradyrhizobial population, although it did not allow the genetic relationships among the nodulating strains to be studied.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Phylogenetic specificity and reproducibility and new method for analysis of terminal restriction fragment profiles of 16S rRNA genes from bacterial communities.

Terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis of 16S rRNA genes is an increasingly popular method for rapid comparison of microbial communities, but analysis of the data is still in a developmental stage. We assessed the phylogenetic resolution and reproducibility of TRF profiles in order to evaluate the limitations of the method, and we developed an essential analysis technique to improve the interpretation of TRF data. The theoretical phylogenetic resolution of TRF profiles was determined based on the specificity of TRFs predicted from 3,908 16S rRNA gene sequences. With sequences from the Proteobacteria or gram-positive division, as much as 73% of the TRFs were phylogenetically specific (representing strains from at most two genera). However, the fraction decreased when sequences from the two divisions were combined. The data show that phylogenetic inference will be most effective if TRF profiles represent only a single bacterial division or smaller group. The analytical precision of the TRF method was assessed by comparing nine replicate profiles of a single soil DNA sample. Despite meticulous care in producing the replicates, numerous small, irreproducible peaks were observed. As many as 85% of the 169 distinct TRFs found among the profiles were irreproducible (i.e., not present in all nine replicates). Substantial variation also occurred in the height of synonymous peaks. To make comparisons of microbial communities more reliable, we developed an analytical procedure that reduces variation and extracts a reproducible subset of data from replicate TRF profiles. The procedure can also be used with other DNA fingerprinting techniques for microbial communities or microbial genomes.

Ecosystem↗

PubMed2000

Neutralization profiles of sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals: relationship to HIV viral load and CD4 cell count.

The relationship of the neutralizing activity (NA) profile of sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals to the HIV viral load and the absolute CD4 count was examined. The NA of 24 serum samples against autologous isolates (AI) and HIV type 1 strain MN was examined. Three NA patterns were recognized. Nine sera neutralized both AI and MN (+/+), six sera neutralized MN but not AI (-/+), and nine sera failed to neutralize both AI and MN (-/-). The identification of the three neutralization patterns (+/+, -/+, and -/-) indicated that resistance to neutralization was progressive. A reciprocal relationship between the viral burden of the patients and the NA profiles was observed. The nine subjects with a -/- NA profile had a plasma viral load of > or =5 x 10(4) copies/ml and a cellular viral burden of > or =1,122 infectious units per million viable cells, which were significantly different from those of the other groups (P < 0.02). These patterns were independent of the phenotypic characteristics of the virus. Longitudinally, subjects with a -/- profile at baseline gained their HIV-specific NA by 24 weeks of antiretroviral therapy when this was associated with a >/=1-log(10) decline in the plasma HIV viral load. The sera from week 24 from some patients were able to neutralize both the 24-week and the baseline dominant virus isolates. A change in CD4 cell count of 50 or more in either direction predicted a -/- or +/+ profile. The verification of the autologous NA profile might be important in selecting patients who may benefit from immune-based therapies involving neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

Epidemiologic marker system for Citrobacter diversus using outer membrane protein profiles.

Investigations of nursery outbreaks of Citrobacter diversus sepsis and meningitis have been hampered by lack of adequate epidemiologic markers for the organism. We studied outer membrane protein profiles from clinical isolates of C. diversus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether this method might be useful in the epidemiologic differentiation of strains. Paired cerebrospinal fluid isolates from each of three separate nursery outbreaks of C. diversus meningitis, paired isolates from the vagina of a postpartum woman and the cerebrospinal fluid of her newborn infant, one isolate from an infant with pneumonia and two from colonized nursery cohorts, and 30 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates were included. Eleven distinct profiles were differentiated by the presence or absence of five outer membrane proteins. Complete concordance of profiles was observed for epidemiologically related isolates. Unrelated epidemic strains had outer membrane protein profiles distinct from one another. Biotyping complemented determination of outer membrane protein profiles; the two markers differentiated each of the five epidemic strains from all but one of 30 unrelated nonepidemic isolates. Determination of outer membrane protein profiles is potentially useful in epidemiologic investigations of disease caused by C. diversus.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗

PubMed1993

Determination of carbohydrate profiles of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus including identification of O-methyl methylpentoses by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus are closely related pathogenic organisms that are difficult to differentiate phenotypically or genotypically. It is well known that vegetative and spore forms of bacilli are quite distinct both morphologically and chemically, but spore-specific chemical markers allowing these species to be distinguished have not been previously described. By using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, vegetative cells and spores of the two species were shown to exhibit distinct carbohydrate profiles. Profiles of vegetative B. anthracis typically contained high levels of galactose but did not contain galactosamine, whereas B. cereus contained galactosamine and generally low levels of galactose. Spore cultures exhibited unique carbohydrate profiles compared with those of vegetative cultures. B. anthracis spore profiles contained rhamnose alone, whereas B. cereus spore profiles contained rhamnose and fucose. Additionally, two spore-specific O-methylated methylpentoses were discovered. Both B. anthracis and B. cereus spores contained 3-O-methyl rhamnose, whereas B. cereus spores also contained 2-O-methyl rhamnose. Carbohydrate profiling is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for differentiating the two closely related species. Differentiation does not depend on whether organisms are in the vegetative or spore stage of growth.

Bacillus anthracis↗

PubMed2001

Outer membrane proteins and DNA profiles in strains of Haemophilus parasuis recovered from systemic and respiratory sites.

Polyserositis caused by Haemophilus parasuis is an important disease that affects mostly weaned pigs. Recent studies have shown that virulence can differ among strains recovered from distinct body sites and also that it may be related to the presence of certain outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The objective of this study was to compare the OMP and DNA profiles of H. parasuis strains isolated from systemic and respiratory sites from diseased and healthy pigs. Strains evaluated in this study were processed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and repetitive-PCR techniques. Two experiments were conducted in order to better define the relationship among genotype, phenotype, and site of isolation. Experiment 1 included 53 H. parasuis isolates recovered from healthy and diseased pigs from unrelated herds. Experiment 2 included 31 isolates of H. parasuis obtained from diseased pigs involved in an outbreak in a large, multifarm system. Results showed that strains recovered from systemic sites had more homogeneous OMP and DNA profiles than those isolated from respiratory sites. Evaluation of isolates involved in the multifarm outbreak showed that only two H. parasuis strains were causing disease. These strains had homogeneous OMP and DNA profiles. However, it was noted that these two parameters were unrelated, since strains classified in the same genotype group expressed different OMP profiles. The homogeneity of OMP and DNA profiles of strains isolated from systemic sites strongly suggests the existence of clonal relationships between virulent strains and also suggests that expression of certain OMP profiles may be related to virulence.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Reference system for characterization of Bordetella pertussis pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been used as an epidemiological tool for surveillance studies of Bordetella pertussis since the early 1990s. To date there is no standardized procedure for comparison of results, and therefore it has been difficult to directly compare PFGE results between laboratories. We propose a profile-based reference system for PFGE characterization of B. pertussis strain variation and to establish traceability of B. pertussis PFGE results. We initially suggest 35 Swedish reference strains as reference material for PFGE traceability. This reference material is deposited at the Culture Collection of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Altogether, 1,810 Swedish clinical isolates from between 1970 and 2003 were studied, together with the Swedish Pw vaccine strain, six reference strains, and two U.S. isolates. Our system provides evidence that profiles obtained by using only one enzyme, i.e., XbaI, give enough data to analyze the epidemiological relationship between them. Characterization with one enzyme is far less labor intensive, yielding results in half the time than when a two-enzyme procedure is used. Also, we can see that there is a correlation between PFGE profile and pertactin type. One common PFGE profile, BpSR11 (n = 455), showed 100% prn2 and 100% Fim3 when analyzed for pertactin type and serotype. On the other hand, strains with the same profile may express various serotypes when isolated over longer periods of time. Subculturing of the same isolate eight times or lyophilization caused no change in PFGE profile.

Bordetella pertussis↗

PubMed1996

Relation between symptoms and profiles of coronary artery blood flow velocities in patients with aortic valve stenosis: a study using transoesophageal Doppler echocardiography.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse profiles of coronary artery flow velocity at rest in patients with aortic stenosis and to determine whether changes of the coronary artery flow velocities are related to symptoms in patients with aortic stenosis. DESIGN: A prospective study investigating the significance of aortic valve area, pressure gradient across the aortic valve, systolic left ventricular wall stress index, ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass index in the coronary flow velocity profile of aortic stenosis; and comparing flow velocity profiles between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis using transoesophageal Doppler echocardiography to obtain coronary artery flow velocities of the left anterior descending coronary artery. SETTING: Tertiary referral cardiac centre. PATIENTS: Fifty eight patients with aortic stenosis and 15 controls with normal coronary arteries. RESULTS: Adequate recordings of the profile of coronary artery flow velocities were obtained in 46 patients (79%). Left ventricular wall stress was the only significant haemodynamic variable for determining peak systolic velocity (r = -0.83, F = 88.5, P < 0.001). The pressure gradient across the aortic valve was the only contributor for explaining peak diastolic velocity (r = 0.56, F = 20.9, P < 0.001). Controls and asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (n = 12) did not differ for peak systolic velocity [32.8 (SEM 9.7) v 27.0 (8.7) cm/s, NS] and peak diastolic velocity [58.3 (18.7) v 61.9 (13.5) cm/s, NS]. In contrast, patients with angina (n = 12) or syncope (n = 8) had lower peak systolic velocities and higher peak diastolic velocities than asymptomatic patients (P < 0.01). Peak systolic and diastolic velocities were -7.7 (22.5) cm/s and 81.7 (17.6) cm/s for patients with angina, and -19.5 (22.3) cm/s and 94.0 (20.9) cm/s for patients with syncope. Asymptomatic patients and patients with dyspnoea (n = 14) did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Increased pressure gradient across the aortic valve and enhanced systolic wall stress result in characteristic changes of the profile of coronary flow velocities in patients with aortic stenosis. Decreased or reversed systolic flow velocities are compensated by enhanced diastolic flow velocities, particularly in patients with angina and syncope. This characteristic pattern of the profile of coronary artery flow velocities in patients with angina or syncope may be useful for differentiating those patients from asymptomatic patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Epiphyseal ossification centers in the assessment of fetal maturity: sonographic correlation with the amniocentesis lung profile.

The epiphyseal ossification centers of the distal femur (DFE) and proximal tibia (PTE) appear and enlarge during the third trimester of pregnancy. Late in the third trimester, the epiphysis of the proximal humerus (PHE) begins to ossify in some fetuses. Using the amniocentesis lung profile to determine the value of sonographic epiphyseal visualization as a predictor of pulmonary maturity, we studied 50 fetuses prospectively and compared the sonographic epiphyseal findings with results from the amniocentesis lung profiles. Nine fetuses with a visible PHE had a mature amniocentesis lung profile (accuracy of positive prediction = 100%), and then fetuses with an immature amniocentesis lung profile had no visible PHE (conegativity = 100%). Fetuses in which the combined DFE and PTE diameters were greater than 11 mm or in which the DFE and the PTE diameters were similar in size (DFE less than or equal to 1 mm larger than PTE) also yielded positive results. Copositivity and accuracy of prediction of an immature amniocentesis lung profile, on the other hand, were low (22%-25%) for the same epiphyseal parameters. These data suggest that antenatal visualization and measurement of the epiphyseal ossification centers of the fetal knee and shoulder may help to identify fetuses that would have a mature amniocentesis lung profile.

Amniocentesis↗

PubMed1992

Muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the torque profile of frog hip joint.

The relative contributions of muscle force, moment arm, and tendon compliance were determined as a function of joint angle in the frog semitendinosus-hip joint system. Muscle, joint, and tendon properties were individually measured and then combined to predict the torque generated at the hip joint as a function of joint angle (i.e., the hip torque profile). Predicted torques were then compared to experimentally measured torques using a stepwise regression model to quantify the relative importance of muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the hip torque profile. Variation in moment arm accounted for 74% of the variability observed in the hip torque profile, while addition of the muscle's intrinsic sarcomere length-tension property accounted for an additional 19% of the torque profile variability. Tendon compliance, which permitted a small amount of sarcomere shortening, accounted for only about 4% of the torque profile variability. We conclude that in this muscle-joint system, the relative fiber length-to-moment arm ratio is the major determinant of the shape of the isometric joint profile. The fiber length-to-moment arm ratio in other mammalian systems is also discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

SELDI-TOF serum profiling for prognostic and diagnostic classification of breast cancers.

Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry has emerged as a successful tool for serum based detection and differentiation of many cancer types, including breast cancers. In this study, we have applied the SELDI technology to evaluate three potential applications that could extend the effectiveness of established procedures and biomarkers used for prognostication of breast cancers. Paired serum samples obtained from women with breast cancers prior to surgery and post-surgery (6-9 mos.) were examined. In 14/16 post-treatment patients, serum protein profiles could be used to distinguish these samples from the pre-treatment cancer samples. When compared to serum samples from normal healthy women, 11 of these post-treatment samples retained global protein profiles not found in healthy women, including five low-mass proteins that remained elevated in both pre-treatment and post-treatment serum groups. In another pilot study, serum profiles were compared for a group of 30 women who were known BRCA-1 mutation carriers, half of whom subsequently developed breast cancer within three years of the sample procurement. SELDI protein profiling accurately classified 13/15 women with BRCA-1 breast cancers from the 15 non-cancer BRCA-1 carriers. Additionally, the ability of SELDI to distinguish between the serum profiles from sentinel lymph node positive and sentinel lymph node negative patients was evaluated. In sentinel lymph node positive samples, 22/27 samples were correctly classified, in comparison to the correct classification of 55/71 sentinel lymph node negative samples. These initial results indicate the utility of protein profiling approaches for developing new diagnostic and prognostic assays for breast cancers.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Similarity of bacteriocin activity profiles of mutans streptococci within the family when the children acquire the strains after the age of 5.

It has been shown that there is a window of infectivity for mutans streptococci between the ages of 19 and 31 months, when many children acquire mutans streptococci transmitted from their mothers. Part of the children that escape this window acquire mutans streptococci at a later age. In this group, maternal transmission is expected to be less prevalent. The present study compared the bacteriocin activity profiles of mutans streptococci isolated from mothers, fathers and children when the children acquired the mutans streptococci between the ages of 5 and 11. Twelve families were randomly selected from a group of 11-year-old children who were known to have acquired mutans streptococci during this age period. From the saliva of the mothers (n = 12), fathers (n = 8) and children (n = 12) approximately 30 mutans streptococci strains were isolated. All isolates were tested twice for bacteriocin activity against 21 indicator strains with a double-layer technique. Bacteriocin activity of strains was considered to be different when the number of strains against which bacteriocin was produced differed >1 or when the width of one or more inhibition zones differed > or =4 mm. In 7/12 mother-child pairs similar profiles were found. In the 8 father-child pairs similar profiles were only found on 2 occasions. In these 2 families, all 3 ( mother, father and child) harboured strains with a similar profile. In 4/8 father-mother pairs similar profiles were found. There was no correlation between the prevalence of mutans streptococci strains, the number of indicator strains against which the strains made bacteriocin, nor the mean size of the inhibition zones and the presence of similarity of bacteriocin activity profiles of mutans streptococci within the family members. The results show that even when a child acquires mutans streptococci after the age of 5, there may be similarity between mutans streptococci in mother, father and child, indicating that transmission between the family members occurs.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2002

The effect of profiled hemodialysis on intradialytic hemodynamics when a proper sodium balance is applied.

BACKGROUND: Profiled hemodialysis (HD) has been claimed to ameliorate intradialytic complications such as hypotension. Frequently, these profiles are based on providing the patient with an accumulating sodium load. This increases the risk of interdialytic complications, such as hypertension and increased weight gain. The present study investigated the effect of profiled HD, without an accompanying sodium loading, on intradialytic hemodynamics in stable HD patients. METHODS: In eight stable HD patients a standard hemodialysis (S-HD) was compared to a decreasing Na(+)-profiled hemodialysis (Na-HD), and an ultrafiltration profiled hemodialysis (UF-HD). Care was taken to have the sodium balances similar during these sessions. The patients were monitored non-invasively during dialysis with respect to their cardiac performance by means of electrical impedance cardiography, their variation in blood volume by means of an on-line optical measurement, and their hydration state by means of body impedance analysis. RESULTS: Sodium balance and mean arterial sodium concentrations were similar in the three treatments. Intradialytic hemodynamics during UF-HD were similar to those of S-HD. However, Na-HD improved blood pressure preservation, remarkably without significant blood volume preservation, due to a better stroke volume preservation in the first hour of dialysis. CONCLUSION: Sodium-balanced, Na-profiled HD improves blood pressure preservation in stable HD patients without providing the patients with a sodium load. This effect is due to a better stroke volume preservation early in dialysis, without a significant reduction in blood volume decrease. UF-HD, as mono-therapy, has no beneficial effect on intradialytic hemodynamics in stable patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Specific amino acid profile in culture media conditioned by human pancreatic cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND: In malignant diseases, circulating amino acid profiles correlate with organ sites of malignancy. Direct effects of malignant cells on the extracellular amino acid profile are still uncertain. METHODS: Free amino acids were measured in serum-free culture media (RPMI-1640) conditioned by two human pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and HPAF), a hamster pancreatic cancer cell line (PC-1), a human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A-431), and a human fibroblastic cell line (Ag-1523). Non-conditioned RPMI-1640 medium was used as control. RESULTS: Amino acid profiles were changed in all the conditioned media, caused by a decrease or increase in the original amino acids and by the appearance of amino acids that were not present in non-conditioned medium. Media conditioned by two human pancreatic cancer cell lines showed similar amino acid profiles, which were characterized by a decrease in glutamine, cysteine and serine, increase in glycine, proline and glutamic acid and appearance of ornithine and alanine. CONCLUSION: Culture media show changed amino acid profiles following incubation with cell lines of pancreatic or non-pancreatic origins. Different human pancreatic cancer cell lines cause similar changes in amino acid profiles of media.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2005

Characteristics of blood pressure profiles as predictors of long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most patients have elevated blood pressure (BP) in the early phase after an acute ischemic stroke. Mechanism and effects of this BP elevation are not well understood. The benefits of intervention by lowering the initial BP or waiting for spontaneous return to normal values remain debated. We studied the hypothesis that increased BP level and profile variability will adversely affect long-term outcome after stroke with and without thrombolytic treatment. METHODS: We studied the 615 patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke in the first European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). BP was measured at 2-hour intervals during the first 20 hours after randomization, and then every 4 hours, up to 72 hours after admission. Studied features of individual 0- to 72-hour BP profiles were: baseline BP, maximum and minimum BP, mean level, and successive variation in the BP profile. The end point was good functional recovery (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0 to 1) at 90 days. Logistic regression was used to adjust for known prognostic factors, demographic, initial stroke severity, disease and medication histories, and computed tomography signs. RESULTS: Higher systolic BP or diastolic BP at baseline were associated with favorable outcome assessed on modified mRS at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.49; and OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.49 per 10 mm Hg), lower within-patient 0- to 72-hour average systolic BP (SBP), or DBP implied favorable outcome (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.90; and OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.90 per 10 mm Hg). Reduced variability of 0- to 72-hour DBP profile was an independent predictor of favorable outcome (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.85 per 5 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS: Higher baseline SBP or DBP was associated with favorable outcome after stroke. Other characteristics of first 72-hour BP profiles: lower mean level of SBP or DBP and reduced successive variability of DBP profile were independent predictors of favorable outcome at 90 days.

Aged↗