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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Multimodal feedback for the acquisition of small targets.

This paper examines how multimodal feedback assists small-target acquisition in graphical user interfaces. All combinations of three feedback modes are analysed: non-speech audio; tactile; and pseudo-haptic "sticky" feedback. The tactile conditions used stimulation through vibration (rather than force-feedback), and the sticky conditions were implemented by dynamically reconfiguring mouse control-display gain as the cursor entered the target. Results show that for small, discretely located targets all feedback modes reduce targeting times, with stickiness providing substantial improvements. Furthermore, stickiness and tactile appear to combine well. However, the results of a more ecologically oriented menu-selection task show the need for caution, revealing that excessive feedback can damage interaction though "noise" that interferes with the acquisition of neighbouring targets.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Multimodality monitoring and the diagnosis of traumatic caroticocavernous fistula following head injury.

Increases in jugular bulb saturations (SjO2) following head injury are usually due to hyperaemia. Less commonly this may be due to the development of an arteriovenous fistula. We describe how SjO2 monitoring can be used in conjunction with transcranial Doppler ultrasound to make the distinction between these two conditions, which require distinct therapies. Multimodality monitoring in acute injury provides information regarding underlying pathophysiology and permits individualization of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Multimodal early onset stimulation (MEOS) in rehabilitation after brain injury.

An early and consistent administration of the correct rehabilitation programme is of crucial importance for the restoration and improvement of cerebral function, as well as social reintegration. This has led to the development of a multimodal onset stimulation therapy (MEOS), which the neurosurgical intensive care unit administers during an early phase of rehabilitation to patients who have been in a coma for more than 48 hours after trauma. This study, which was carried out over a period of 2 years, focuses on 89 patients aged 16-65 years suffering from severe brain injury. Sixteen of these (age mean: 43.6 years) fulfil the criteria required to start the MEOS. The authors were able to identify significant changes in two of the patients' vegetative parameters (viz. heart and respiratory frequencies), even in cases of deep coma (GCS 3-4). The most significant changes were caused by tactile and acoustic stimulation. Standardized behavioural assessment turned out to be particularly advisable in cases of medium coma. Here, too, a stimulation of the tactile and acoustic senses resulted mainly in head and eye movements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Multimodal cognitive behavioral treatment of patients sicklisted for musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled study.

In a randomized controlled study multimodal cognitive behavioral treatment (MMCBT), including physical treatment, cognitive behavioral modification, education, and examination of the work situation for each patient, was given to patients sick-listed for musculoskeletal pain (n = 469). Patients were recruited through the National Insurance System. After a pre-test by an independent physiotherapist the patients were allocated at random to the intervention group (n = 312) or the control group (n = 157). The MMBCT program lasted for 4 weeks. The control group returned to their general practitioners, without any feedback or advice on therapy from the project. At the one year follow-up the MMCBT group had not returned to work at a higher rate than the control group receiving ordinary treatment available through their general practitioners. However, the MMCBT group had improved their ergonomic behavior, work potential, life quality, physical, and psychological health.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

The effects of a multimodal intervention trial to promote lifestyle factors associated with the prevention of cardiovascular disease in menopausal and postmenopausal Australian women.

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a multimodal intervention (Women's Wellness Program) to improve women's cardiovascular risk factors. This 12-week randomized experiment with a control group targeted women 50-65 years living in the general population. Women in the intervention group were provided with a consultation with a registered nurse at which time biophysical cardiovascular risk measures were taken and health education was provided in both verbal and written form. Women were encouraged to review their smoking, nutrition, and water intakes and to commence an exercise program that included aerobic fitness exercises. Women in the control group continued their normal activities. The sample consisted of 90 women aged 50-65 years. Pre- and post-intervention assessment utilized seven measures of cardiovascular risk factors: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, weight, exercise levels, and smoking. Analysis of covariance indicated that the intervention was effective in improving women's aerobic exercise activity and decreasing smoking. The data from all five biophysical outcome measures supported the efficacy of the intervention, with significant decreases seen in the women's WHR, BMI, blood pressure, and measured weight. Study implications suggest that this type of intervention may provide an effective, clinically manageable therapy for women who prefer a self-directed approach to preventing and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Sexually abused women after multimodal group therapy: a long-term follow-up study.

This study reports a long-term follow-up of 38 of 54 (70%) women who had participated in time-limited multimodal group treatment for the psychological sequelae of sexual abuse. The women had been highly symptomatic at the onset and were generally improved following treatment and at follow-up (M = 4.7, SD = 2.0 years). Nonetheless, many remained moderately symptomatic. Previous therapy and pre-therapy level of symptoms predicted a higher level of post-treatment symptoms, while better post-treatment status and younger age predicted fewer symptoms at the time of follow-up. Interpersonal functioning at follow-up was predicted by post-treatment interpersonal functioning. On the whole, clients perceived their interpersonal functioning as better at follow-up than it had been after treatment. Their use of any mental health services was modest in the follow-up period. In general, the long-term follow-up status of these women was encouragingly positive.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Type II pleuropulmonary blastoma responsive to multimodal therapy.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare and aggressive primary intrathoracic neoplasm of children. T'he prognosis is extremely poor with frequent metastasis to the brain and bone. A 4-year-old boy successfully treated with multimodal therapy despite unfavorable prognostic factors is presented. The authors support the use of aggressive treatment of pleuropulmonary blastoma with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Quality of life and maintenance of improvements after early multimodal rehabilitation: a 5-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: There is a paucity of long-term evaluations on rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders, e.g., neck, shoulder or back pain. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life and the effect of early multimodal rehabilitation on 91 patients with musculoskeletal pain and disability at a 5-year follow-up. METHOD: The follow-up assessment, which included questions on pain, function, quality of life, perceived health, sick leave and psychosomatic symptoms, was performed 5 years after the assessment of baseline status. RESULTS: Improvements in pain, perceived health and psychosomatic symptoms were maintained at the 5-year follow-up. In addition, improvements in function, quality of life, and level of acceptable pain were significant in comparison to baseline. At the time of the baseline assessment all patients were on sick leave (13% were on partial sick leave). At the 5-year follow-up, 58% of the patients were at work part or full time. The results show that those working differed significantly from those not working at the 5-year follow-up on almost all variables, indicating that those working enjoy better health. The most salient prognostic factors for return to work were perceived health and educational level at the time of the baseline evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that treatment improved quality of life and the effects were basically maintained at 5 years. Work capacity as reflected in return to work increased greatly (81%) at a 1-year follow-up and was substantial (58%) at the 5-year follow-up. Moreover, perceived health and educational levels were important prognostic factors. Finally, the fact that patients working reported better health underscores the probable importance of return to work. Our results imply that it may be feasible to obtain long-term benefits from such a primary care-based intervention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multimodal use of computed tomography in early acute stroke, part 2.

Computed tomography (CT) scan remains the most widely technique in the cerebrovascular emergency, as it is largely available, minimally invasive, fast, cheap and reliable. Noncontrast enhanced CT (NeCT) imaging can show early signs of infarction in ischemic stroke; however, it could not show if the ischemic tissue is irreversibly damaged. CT perfusion (CTP) imaging has been shown to predict stroke location and size and can provide information about ischemic cerebral parenchyma not definitively compromised. CT angiography (CTA) could highlight stenosis or occlusion both in intracranial and extracranial vessels. By combining NeCT, CTP, and CTA the entire cerebrovascular axis can be imaged during acute stroke. Currently, the term "multimodal CT" indicates the combined use of these three techniques in order to obtain a complete picture of the extension of ischemic damage in acute stroke patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Rationale for surgery as the first step in the multimodality treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

The role of surgery has to be reconsidered in combination with chemo/radiotherapy for patients with SCLC at early stages, determined by the pTNM-staging system. This combined multimodality treatment can be seen as a model-like example for the most effective progress gained during the last 20 years. Surgery followed by chemotherapy is used in ongoing cooperative studies. In other trials, chemotherapy is followed by surgery for responding patients. It seems reasonable to expect that after appropriate observation times the comparison of these ongoing trials would most probably lead to the conclusion that for stage I, II surgery should be the first step followed by chemo- and radiotherapy, whereas for stage III debulking chemotherapy should be given to distinguish responding patients, who may thereafter receive adjuvant surgery.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed2004

Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: multimodality treatment with percutaneous and intraluminal plus external radiotherapy.

The efficacy of multimodality treatment for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma was evaluated in terms of outcome, survival and quality of life. Eleven patients were enrolled in the following protocol: percutaneous drainage of both right and left biliary systems; Iridium-192 intraluminal brachytherapy; replacement of the drainages with endoprotheses; external radiotherapy. Six patients completed the protocol and 5 were treated with brachytherapy alone. Mean survival was 10.5 months, similar to surgical results and higher than the control group treated with percutaneous stenting (2.75 months) or biliary drainage alone (1.75 months), with an average hospital stay of 10-15 days and no procedure-related mortality.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multimodal sex therapy for the treatment of vulvodynia: a clinician's view.

Sex therapists are often challenged when treating women with the primary diagnosis of vulvodynia or subtypes of vulvar-vestibular pain. This article presents an overview of how a sex therapist can assess problem areas related to this diagnosis and approach treatment in a practical and comprehensive fashion. What follows is based on anecdotal clinical experience of the author. It outlines a multimodal approach that includes cognitive-behavioral techniques, both individual and conjoint therapy, as well as close cooperation with physicians who provide concurrent medical management.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed1974

Multimodal distribution of frog miniature endplate potentials in adult denervated and tadpole leg muscle.

Amplitude histograms of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) from adult sartorius muscle cells show a definite bimodality with the mean amplitude of the larger mode five to seven times that of the smaller mode which accounted for 2-5 % of the total MEPPs. Histograms were plotted after high frequency MEPP generation induced by increasing temperature, increasing external calcium or nerve stimulation. These plots showed a reversible left-shift of the major mode as well as a reversible increase in the proportion of small mode MEPPs. Repeated challenges shifted almost all MEPPs into the small mode. An increase in the percentage of small mode MEPPs also occurred spontaneously during the course of denervation before the quiescent period and some of the histogram profiles showed multiple modes whose means were integer multiples of the small mode mean. In the early stages of hind leg development the greatest proportion of MEPPs were of the small mode size; as metamorphosis progressed, the histograms showed a definite multimodality with the mean of each mode being an integer multiple of the small mode mean and with the proportion of MEPPs in each mode about the same. During tail resorption the percentage of larger MEPPs increased until the adult histogram profile was reached. Thus, the changes in MEPP amplitude histograms over the course of metamorphosis are the reverse of those found with denervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Multimodality magnetic resonance systems for studying free radicals in vivo.

The multimodality approach to in vivo detection of free radicals combines the relative benefits of three free radical detection modalities: conventional RF CW-ESR, LODESR and PEDRI. We have built apparatus capable of combining these modalities to allow sequential PEDRI and CW-ESR, sequential LODESR and proton NMR imaging and simultaneous LODESR and CW-ESR. These systems offer superior performance in terms of both the scope and quality of information over single-modality free radical detection systems.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

First imaging results obtained with a multimodal apparatus combining low-field (35.7 mT) MRI and pulsed EPRI.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent images of organs and is an essential diagnostic tool in the medical field. Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is being increasingly used in the biomedical field because of recent hardware advances. We present the first images obtained with a low-field (35.7 mT) multimodal apparatus that combines MRI and pulsed EPRI. For this purpose, the sample is composed of two sections, one sensitive to MRI and the other sensitive to EPRI. The MRI section of the sample is composed of three tubes containing 7 ml of a 10 mM CuSO4 water solution. The EPR section of the sample is composed of two tubes containing 350 mg of lithium phthalocyanine. The EPR image represents the two-dimensional projection of the whole sample and is reconstructed from 32 one-dimensional projections by using the Fourier reconstruction method. The MRI image is obtained by selecting a sample slice, 10 mm in thickness, by using a spin-echo sequence and the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform. The experimental results obtained with this apparatus show that the spatial resolution is better than 1 mm for the MRI section and better than 7 mm for the EPRI section. The measured SNR of the MRI and EPRI images were about 60 and 160, respectively. A detailed description of the hardware, pulse sequences and image reconstruction techniques is reported.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed2005

Double-wavelet approach to studying the modulation properties of nonstationary multimode dynamics.

On the basis of double-wavelet analysis, the paper proposes a method to study interactions in the form of frequency and amplitude modulation in nonstationary multimode data series. Special emphasis is given to the problem of quantifying the strength of modulation for a fast signal by a coexisting slower dynamics and to its physiological interpretation. Application of the approach is demonstrated for a number of model systems, including a model that generates chaotic dynamics. The approach is then applied to proximal tubular pressure data from rat nephrons in order to estimate the degree to which the myogenic dynamics of the afferent arteriole is modulated by the slower tubulo-glomerular dynamics. Our analysis reveals a significantly stronger interaction between the two mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Replicative oncolytic adenoviruses in multimodal cancer regimens.

The use of replication-competent viruses that have a cytolytic cycle has emerged as a viable strategy (oncolytic virotherapy) to specifically kill tumor cells and the field has advanced to the point of clinical trials. A theoretical advantage of replicative oncolytic viruses is that their numbers should increase via viral replication within infected tumor cells and resulting viral progeny can then infect additional cells within the tumor mass. The life cycle of a virus involves multiple interactions between viral and cellular proteins/genes, which maximize the ability of the virus to infect and replicate within cells. Understanding such interactions has led to the design of numerous genetically engineered adenovirus (Ad) vectors that selectively kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. These viruses have also been modified to function as therapeutic gene delivery vehicles, thus augmenting their anticancer capacity. In addition, the oncolytic mode of tumor killing differs from that of standard anticancer therapies, providing the possibility for synergistic interactions with other therapies in a multimodal antitumor approach. In this review, we describe the oncolytic Ad vectors tested in preclinical and clinical models and their use in combination with chemo-, radio-, and gene therapies.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2003

Response to methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and manic symptoms in the multimodal treatment study of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder titration trial.

OBJECTIVE: Recent reports raise concern that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and some manic symptoms may worsen with stimulant treatment. This study examines the response to methylphenidate in such children. METHODS: Data from children participating in the 1-month methylphenidate titration trial of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD were reanalyzed by dividing the sample into children with and without some manic symptoms. Two "mania proxies" were constructed using items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) or the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Treatment response and side effects are compared between participants with and without proxies. RESULTS: Thirty-two (11%) and 29 (10%) participants fulfilled criteria for the CBCL mania proxy and DISC mania proxy, respectively. Presence or absence of either proxy did not predict a greater or lesser response or side effects. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that children with ADHD and manic symptoms respond robustly to methylphenidate during the first month of treatment and that these children are not more likely to have an adverse response to methylphenidate. Further research is needed to explore how such children will respond during long-term treatment. Clinicians should not a priori avoid stimulants in children with ADHD and some manic symptoms.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗