Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “differential analysis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The chromatin network: image analysis of differentiating chick embryo chondrocytes.

The chromatin network was revealed in DNA stained cell imprints of developing chick embryo chrondrocytes using the recently developed method of TV image processing. The network consists of two classes of alveoles. The large alveoles, which accompany large chromocentres, are concentrated at the centromeric nuclear pole representing the most stable part of the network. The small alveoles, connected with the small chromocentres and located around the chromosome arms and telomeric ends, are dynamic. These smaller alveoles appear in differentiating chondroblasts and disappear in ageing chondrocytes. Ectopic conjunctions involving constitutive and intercalary heterochromatin are responsible for the network formation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of differential cell counts of sputa induced by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline or distilled water in asthmatic patients].

Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, and a simple method of evaluating inflammation, safer than BALF or bronchial mucosal biopsy, has long been sought after. The induction of sputa by the inhalation of an appropriate solution and the examination of the induced sputa may provide such a method. We compared the safety of two sputum induction methods, ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline inhalation and distilled water inhalation, and examined the usefulness of differential cell counts of the induced sputa. The safety of these methods was ascertained by determining lung functions (FEV1.0, PEFR) and urinary leukotriene E4 before and after inhalation of these solutions, and the usefulness of differential cell counts of induced sputa by examining the uniformity/reproducibility. Only after the inhalation of distilled water did the lung function reveal a statistically significant decrease when the data were compared with the control values for each of the two methods (p < 0.01), and when the data obtained with distilled water inhalation and hypertonic saline inhalation were compared (p < 0.05). The urinary leukotriene E4 levels obtained were not very different between the two methods; however, in two patients, urinary leukotriene E4 levels were increased markedly only after inhalation of distilled water. The uniformity of the sputum differential cell counts in the same specimen (evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient) and inter-specimens (evaluated by Friedman test) was satisfactory for both methods, except for basophils. Hypertonic saline inhalation at 24-hour intervals gave a better reproducibility in differential cell counts of the induced sputa (evaluated by interclass correlation coefficient), when compared with distilled water inhalation. These results suggest that hypertonic saline inhalation is safer and more useful than distilled water inhalation for induction of sputum in a uniform and reproducible way, and that the induction of sputum by hypertonic saline inhalation will be clinically useful in asthmatic patients who cannot expectorate sputa spontaneously.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

[Multiple disseminated glomus tumors (glomangioma). Immunohistochemical analysis and differentiation from viscerocutaneous hemangiomatosis].

A 25-year-old patient presented with multiple disseminated asymptomatic bluish nodules, which had been present since childhood. Histological examination revealed vascular cavities surrounded by round to oval eosinophilic cells. Positive immunohistochemical staining with alpha-smooth-muscle antigen (alpha-SMA) and vimentin confirmed the diagnosis of multiple disseminated glomus tumours of the vascular type. Tumour cells were surrounded by a network of type IV collagen. In contrast antibodies against the intermediate filament protein desmin and the endothelial markers BMA 120 and anti-von Willebrand factor revealed no staining of the glomus cells. This was the first immunohistochemical investigation of a glomus tumour of vascular type. Immunohistochemical staining of these glomus cells revealed no difference from other histological types of glomus tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Typing of group A streptococci by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was evaluated in comparison with restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of genomic DNA and serotyping in the typing of 160 epidemiologically unrelated group A streptococci (GAS). Amplification of genomic DNA of GAS was performed with a single primer with an arbitrarily selected nucleotide sequence of 12 nucleotides. In total, 31 RAPD patterns and 15 REA patterns were observed among the isolates studied. The results of RAPD analysis were in accordance with the results of REA for 86% of the isolates, as both methods identified 15 different strains among 138 isolates. However, RAPD analysis differentiated 16 additional strains among 22 isolates. RAPD analysis was somewhat better than REA for differentiation of isolates of the same and different serotypes. However, not all of the serotypes were differentiated by RAPD analysis either. In conclusion, RAPD analysis provides a practical alternative for genomic typing of GAS. It can be recommended for the typing of GAS, especially if used in parallel with serotyping.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1982

On practical evaluation of differentiation techniques for human gait analysis.

Numerical differentiation of noisy measurement data represents a problem frequently encountered in the field of gait analysis. There are two major determinants of the quality in calculated derivatives, namely the quality of the measurement data and the quality of the used differentiation technique. The quality of the measurement data, with respect to the maximum precision that can be obtained in calculated derivatives, is discussed with the help of an error formula valid for all differentiating techniques. It is verified that high precision can be obtained in the calculated second derivatives even with crude techniques, provided that the quality of the measurement data are good enough. This point is illustrated by the differentiation film data from Pezzack et al. (1977), using a least squares polynomial fitting. For the evaluation and comparison of different techniques for numerical differentiation it is recommended that measurement data with a considerable amount of noise is used, and that the quality of calculated derivatives are evaluated not only by visual inspection of graphical displays, but also with the use of a quantitative criteria, such as the root mean squares error.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

2-D differential membrane proteome analysis of scarce protein samples.

Proteome studies with small sample amounts are difficult to perform, especially when membrane proteins are the focus of interest. In our study a new method for the analysis of scarce membrane protein samples combining large gel 2-D-CTAB/SDS-PAGE with fluorescence dye saturation labelling (satDIGE) was developed, allowing a highly sensitive differential analysis of different cell states. After Triton X-114 phase partitioning, enriched membrane protein samples of T cells were labelled at cysteine residues using fluorescence dyes and separated by large gel 2D-CTAB/SDS-PAGE. For a differential analysis 3 mug protein was found to be sufficient to detect proteins in a widespread well-separated diagonal spot pattern.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Solid-state characterization of buspirone hydrochloride polymorphs.

The purpose of this study was to characterize Form 1 and Form 2 of buspirone hydrochloride, an anxiolytic medicine. The techniques used for characterization included microscopy (optical, hot stage, and scanning electron microscopy), thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), solid-state Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), and Raman spectroscopy. Morphologically, Form 1 and Form 2 consist of plate and columnar crystals, respectively, with good filterability. Thermal analysis showed that the two forms are enantiotropic over the studied temperature range. The FTIR method was used successfully for the quantification of Form 1 in a mixture of Forms 1 and 2. The ratio of a characteristic peak to a reference peak and the chemometric method were used to obtain the calibration curve. The Raman peak shifts showed the difference between the two forms especially for the n-butyl group. The large number of distinguishable XRPD peaks in the region of 5 degrees to 30 degrees 2theta of the two polymorphs demonstrated that XRPD is a useful tool for quantitative and qualitative analysis of polymorphs.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1990

Expression of extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors is developmentally regulated during endoderm differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells.

The differentiation of F9 and PSA-1 embryonal carcinoma cells to embryoid bodies composed of a mixture of parietal and visceral endoderm was accompanied by changes in their secretion of metalloproteinases. Differentiation was induced by retinoic acid and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (for F9 cells) or by removing cells from a substrate of feeder cells to alter cell-cell interaction and adhesion (for PSA-1 cells). The embryoid bodies attached to gelatin-coated dishes, and the parietal endoderm cells spread out over the matrix. The differentiated cells secreted specific gelatin- and casein-degrading proteinases, including enzymes that comigrated with proenzyme forms of collagenase and stromelysin. Total proteinase activity as well as specific collagenase activity increased with the time of differentiation. All of the gelatin- and casein-degrading proteinases detectable by substrate gel zymography were inhibited by inhibitors of metalloproteinases but not by inhibitors of serine or cysteine proteinases, indicating that they were metalloproteinases. Both cell lines showed increased collagenolytic activity, which was activated by treatment with plasmin. In addition, both cell lines showed increased secretion of specific metalloproteinase inhibitors, including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, with differentiation. Analysis of mRNA from undifferentiated and differentiated F9 cells by RNA blot analysis or reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction showed that increased expression of genes for collagenase, stromelysin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases is associated with differentiation of these cells. These results suggest that the expression of extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and their inhibitors is developmentally regulated during the differentiation and spreading of the parietal endoderm.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions: a pooled analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cystic tumors commonly include serous cystadenoma (SCA), mucinous cystadenoma (MCA), and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCAC). A differential diagnosis with pseudocysts (PC) can be difficult. Radiologic criteria are not reliable. The objective of the study is to investigate the value of cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of benign (SCA, PC) vs. premalignant or malignant (MCA, MCAC) lesions. METHODS: A search in PubMed was performed with the search terms cyst, pancrea, and fluid. Articles about cyst fluid analysis of pancreatic lesions that contained the individual data of at least 7 patients were included in the study. Data of all individual patients were combined and were plotted in scatter grams. Cutoff levels were determined. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, which comprised data of 450 patients. Cysts with an amylase concentration <250 U/L were SCA, MCA, or MCAC (sensitivity 44%, specificity 98%) and, thus, virtually excluded PC. A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) <5 ng/mL suggested a SCA or PC (sensitivity 50%, specificity 95%). A CEA >800 ng/mL strongly suggested MCA or MCAC (sensitivity 48%, specificity 98%). A carbohydrate-associated antigen (CA) 19-9 <37 U/mL strongly suggested PC or SCA (sensitivity 19%, specificity 98%). Cytologic examination revealed malignant cells in 48% of MCAC (n = 111). DISCUSSION: Most pancreatic cystic tumors should be resected without the need for cyst fluid analysis. However, in asymptomatic patients, in patients with an increased surgical risk, and, in patients in whom there is a diagnostic uncertainty about the presence of a PC, cyst fluid analysis helps to determine the optimal therapeutic strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Urinary protein analysis.

The differentiation and analysis of urinary proteins has substantially contributed to our knowledge of physiological and pathophysiological processes during glomerular filtration and tubular catabolism of plasma constituents. By use of high-resolution biochemical separation techniques, several urinary polypeptides could be identified as plasma proteins, tissue antigens, tubular enzymes and protein breakdown products. With regard to clinical application, the separation results of conventional gel chromatography and agarose electrophoresis were surpassed by fast protein liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide electrophoresis in one- and two-dimensional systems. In contrast to early one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods using homogeneous gels on a macro scale, modern gradient slab gels achieve better resolution over the entire relative molecular mass range of urinary proteins. For clinical demands, the use of micro-scale gradient gels, either laboratory-made or pre-cast, together with an improved Coomassie Brillant Blue staining, offers several advantages, including rapidity, sensitivity and economy. Isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional PAGE, combined with sensitive silver staining and immunoblotting methods, have proved to be valuable tools for the identification and characterization of urinary proteins in defined renal and extra-renal diseases. The quantitative determination of urinary indicator proteins such as albumin and alpha 1- and beta 2-microglobulin can be regarded as a reasonable complement to the pattern diagnosis, especially in the long-term course of renal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evidence for polymorphism in glisentide.

The polymorphism of glisentide has been investigated. Three polymorphs (I, II, III) have been prepared by recrystallization from different solvents and other polymorphic form (IV) was obtained by heating polymorph III at 100 degrees C. In addition, two 1:1 stoichiometric solvates containing carbon tetrachloride and dioxane have been crystallized and finally, an amorphous solid has been obtained. It has been observed that the polarity of the recrystallisation solvent and its ability to form hydrogen bonds have a great influence on the polymorphism of glisentide. The different solid forms of glisentide have been characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The recrystallization of polymorph I in melted form II and also the transition of form III-IV have been detected by DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Benzamides↗
PubMed2025

Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Anoikis is a new mode of cell death that has been shown to correlate significantly with tumors. However, the clinical prognostic significance of anoikis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains poorly studied. METHODS: The differentially expressed ARGs and candidate genes were selected by the differential analysis to construct a predictive model. Independent prognostic gene was determined by Cox and LASSO analysis and we used the HCC95 and NCI H520 cell line to verify the gene function. We used the data from TCGA, GEO, GeneCards, and Harmonizome databases to analyze the immune microenvironment, functional enrichment, and drug sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: We identified 717 differentially expressed and selected 3 ARGs (FADD, SNAI1, and BAG4) to construct a predictive model. We found that SNAI1 is an independent prognostic gene and confirmed that knocking out the SNAI1 inhibited the HCC95/NCI H520 cell proliferation. We used single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to evaluate the immune infiltration based on the 3 ARG expression levels. We constructed a risk score and provided a visual representation of the prophetic implications of the ARGs-based signature through a nomogram. We found 15 susceptible drugs in the high-risk group and 15 sensitive drugs in the low-risk group by the drug sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: We used ARGs to construct a prognosis model for LUSC that can accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. ARGs, especially SNAI1, play an essential role in developing LUSC. These findings could provide individualized treatment plans and new research ideas for LUSC patients.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physicochemical characterization and enzymatic degradation of casein microcapsules prepared by aqueous coacervation.

The use of biopolymers in sustained release systems has been studied by many research groups because of the bioavailability and biodegradability of these compounds. Casein is a natural biopolymer whose degradation results in biologically utilisable compounds. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential of casein microcapsules (CAS/MC) as sustained release systems using acetaminophen as a model drug. CAS/MC were prepared by aqueous coacervation in lactate buffer containing gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and lecithin. After preparation, the microcapsules were treated, or not, with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. CAS/MC were loaded using two distinct procedures, either by dissolving 50% of the drug (w/w), relative to casein, in the polymer dispersion or by dissolving the drug in the coacervating solution. The drug present in CAS/MC was quantified by HPLC after an enzymatic degradation assay, and the CAS/MC were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetrical analysis). Loading of the drug was approximately 8% (w/w), with high resistance to enzymatic attack. The absence of an acetaminophen melting peak indicated that there was no drug present on the surface of the cross-linked systems. In addition, loading was accompanied by a reduction of the specific heat capacity of the systems, which suggests a decrease in stability. The outer morphology of the encapsulating polymer was affected by the process of microencapsulation. The data suggest that the microencapsulation process of aqueous coacervation and cross-linking is appropriate for the preparation of microencapsulated systems for sustained drug delivery.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2007

Novel epididymis-specific mRNAs downregulated by HE6/Gpr64 receptor gene disruption.

Targeted disruption of the epididymis-specific HE6/Gpr64 receptor gene in mice led to male infertility. In order to characterize the phenotype at a molecular level, we compared the gene expression patterns of wild type (wt) versus knockout (KO) caput epididymides. The caput region of KO males, although morphologically normal, nevertheless showed an aberrant expression pattern. Combining micro array analysis, differential library screening, Northern blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the knockout of the HE6/Gpr64 receptor was mainly associated with the downregulation of genes specific to the initial segment. The list of KO downregulated transcripts comprised Enpp2/autotaxin, the lipocalins 8 and 9, the beta-defensin Defb42, cystatins 8 and 12, as well as the membrane proteins Adam (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) 28, claudin-10, EAAC1, and the novel Me9. Clusterin/ApoJ and osteopontin/Spp1 mRNAs, on the other hand, were upregulated in the KO tissues. The Me9 transcript was studied in further detail, and we report here a cluster of related epididymis-specific genes. Me9 is specifically expressed in the initial segment and is representative of a novel and highly conserved mammalian gene family. The family consists of single-exon genes only; intron-containing paralogs have not yet been ascertained. The cloned cDNA sequences predicted hydrophobic polytopic membrane proteins containing the DUF716 motif. Protein expression was shown in the rodent caput epididymidis but remained uncertain in primates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗