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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Imaging of the hip in healthy children in MRI: evaluation of the acetabular coverage].

PURPOSE: To define with MR imaging a reference value for acetabular coverage on coronal and sagittal images for a population of healthy children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 children (72 hips) where prospectively studied over 1 year. T1-weighted spin-echo images in both coronal and sagittal planes were obtained. Slice thickness was 4 mm. Measurement of acetabular coverage (AHI: Acetabular-Head Index) was made in both planes with two different landmarks: bone and cartilage. Study of the evolution with age was made. RESULTS: The acetabular coverage is symmetrical and decreases with age. Its measurement is reproducible. CONCLUSION: This study shows that measurement of acetabular coverage (AHI) is easily obtained at MR imaging and is reproducible. We suggest 83 (mean 1SD) as the inferior limit for AHI based on cartilage measurements. We introduce sagittal values, never published. We believe that MR, by its ability to demonstrate the cartilaginous surfaces, will play a major role in the true understanding of the anatomical relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2002

GTR for root coverage: a long-term follow-up.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of the results obtained when guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is used to obtain root coverage. A mean root coverage of 92.3% was obtained at 6 months postoperative. However, at the final postoperative visit (mean 25.3 months), the mean root coverage was reduced to 58.8%. This difference was statistically and clinically significant. There was a statistically significant increase in recession (1.4 mm) and a statistically significant loss in attachment levels (1. 7 mm) between the 6-month and final postoperative evaluations. The results of this study question the long-term stability of the result when GTR is used for root coverage.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cellular dermal matrix used for root coverage: 18-month follow-up observation.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of the root coverage results obtained with an acellular dermal matrix. The mean root coverage at 12 weeks postoperative was 91.7%. The mean root coverage at the final postoperative evaluation (mean 18.6 months) was 87.0%. This difference was not statistically or clinically significant. The root coverage results obtained with an acellular dermal matrix were predictable, esthetic, and stable over time.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Estimation of population coverage in the 1990 United States census based on demographic analysis.

"This article presents estimates of net coverage of the national population in the 1990 [U.S.] census, based on the method of demographic analysis. The general techniques of demographic analysis as an analytic tool for coverage measurement are discussed, including use of the demographic accounting equation, data components, and strengths and limitations of the method. Patterns of coverage displayed by the 1990 estimates are described, along with similarities or differences from comparable demographic estimates for previous censuses....A final section presents the results of the first statistical assessment of the uncertainty in the demographic coverage estimates for 1990." Comments by Clifford C. Clogg and Christine L. Himes (pp. 1,072-4) and Jeffrey S. Passel (pp. 1,074-7) and a rejoinder by the authors (pp. 1,077-9) are included.

Americas↗
PubMed2002

[The medial saphenous hetero (cross leg) flap in coverage of soft tissue defects of the leg and foot].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Reconstruction of large areas of soft tissue defects of the lower limb is a major challenge, particularly when the zone involves the lower part of the leg and the foot. The cross-leg flap can be a reliable alternative to free flaps, both in adults and children. We analyzed our experience in a retrospective series of 26 patients who underwent a standardize surgical procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six cross-leg flap procedures were performed between 1984 and 2000 using the same technique. Mean patient age was 32 years (range 7-67 years). All patients were trauma victims. Mean delay from trauma to flap reconstruction was 2.5 years (range 18 days-16 years). A free flap or loco-regional flap for coverage had been unsuccessful in 19 patients. The zones involved were: leg (n=7), anterior ankle area (n=3), malleolar area (n=2), dorsal aspect of the foot (n=1), heal (n=11, including 4 in an exclusively non-weight-bearing area). Mean patient follow-up was 3 years (1-10 years). The same surgical technique with external fixation was used for all patients. The flap was harvested according to a standard technique with ratios ranging from 3: 1 to 4: 1. The donor site and the flap pedicle were covered with a thin skin flap, at least during the first operative time. During the first operative time, the recipient site was resected to the exact size of the flap, the remaining coverage was achieved during the weaning process using part of the flap pedicle. Weaning was achieved after a mean 27 days (21-38 days). RESULTS: Complete flap necrosis occurred in one case and partial necrosis in six. Punctual necrosis was observed in five cases requiring revision surgery or local care. One abscess of the donor site occurred two years after flap reconstruction. Coverage was satisfactory for leg and ankle reconstructions, with no recurrent ulcerations or hyperkeratosis at last follow-up. A satisfactory esthetic aspect was achieved in all cases. For foot reconstructions, ulcerations or hyperkeratosis of the plantar skin-flap junction was observed in five cases. All of the patients were however able to wear normal shoes and felt there had been an improvement after surgery. DISCUSSION: The cross-leg flap procedure should, in our opinion, be used in three situations. i) After failure of other techniques: results are very reliable for salvage procedures; 19 of our 26 patients had had failed free or loco-regional flap procedures prior to the cross-leg flap. ii) The reconstruction is large and blood supply contraindicates a free flap procedure (only one intact vascular axis). iii) The entire heal area to be reconstructed would be insufficiently covered by a free flap. Most of the long-term problems are related to heal coverage in weight-bearing areas.

Abscess↗
PubMed2002

Accuracy of routine data on MMR vaccination coverage and validity of parental recall of vaccination.

A study was conducted to re-validate the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) coverage and measles susceptibility in children resident in Bolton and born between 1991 and 1995; also to examine the accuracy of parental recall of children's MMR vaccination status. Using general practitioner/practice held records, a validation survey was conducted on a random sample of 171 reportedly unvaccinated children. A questionnaire survey was used to assess parental recall. 'Records' to 'recall' agreement was examined. One- and two-dose population coverage according to routine data was 94.6% and 75.2% respectively, with measles susceptibility of 8.1%. Based on the 'records' survey, one- and two-dose population coverage estimates were 97.4% (+2.8%) and 78.9% (+3.7%), with a revised susceptibility estimate of 5.2%, respresenting a 36% reduction in the susceptibility fraction. Routine data may modestly underestimate vaccination coverage and significantly overestimate measles susceptibility. Many parents of MMR unvaccinated children believe that their children have been vaccinated.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Racial/ethnic differences in the healthcare experience (coverage, utilization, and satisfaction) of US adults with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine racial/ethnic differences in healthcare coverage, utilization, and satisfaction, among US adults with diabetes. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 9443 adults with diabetes who participated in the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey of the civilian non-institutionalized US population aged > or = 18 yrs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared healthcare coverage, utilization, and satisfaction across 4 race/ethnicity categories: non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), Hispanics (HSP), and others, and examined whether these factors were associated with self-rated health status. RESULTS: By self-report, more NHB (14.8%), HSP (20.7%), and members of other races (21.8%) were uninsured, compared to NHW (6.4%). Similarly, cost was a barrier to visiting a doctor for 23.9% of HSP, 19.5% of NHB, and 13.4% of members of other races; however, only 8.2% of non-Hispanic Whites reported cost as a barrier. More NHW (90.1%) and NHB (90.7) reported having had a check-up in the past year, compared to HSP (84.5%) or others (84.1%). All 3 variables exhibited significant differences by race or ethnicity (all P<.01). After adjustment for age, sex, income, education, and insulin use, the association with race/ethnicity persisted for health insurance coverage (P<.001), and for cost as a barrier (P<.003). Reporting cost as a barrier to visiting a doctor (P=.013), and rating one's overall health care as fair or poor (P=.001), were associated with poorer health status. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ethnic minorities with diabetes report less healthcare coverage and more cost-related barriers to utilization, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Persons with fair/poor health status were more likely to report cost barriers and poor satisfaction. Future research should focus on the reasons for such differences and on interventions to improve health care for minority populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Cardiovascular effect of positive pressure breathing using G-suits with different bladder coverage].

OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular function of subjects exposed to positive pressure breathing (PPB) while wearing G-suits with different bladder coverage. METHOD: 6 male healthy subjects (18-20 years) wearing three kinds of G-suit with bladder coverage of 45%, 65% and 90% respectively, were exposed to PPB with counterpressures of 30, 50 or 70 mmHg for up to 3 min continuously. G-suit bladder pressure value was three times as high as that of PPB counterpressure. Cardiovascular function was observed every minute. The interval between PPBs was 10 min. The equipment consists of G-suit, jerkin, helmet and mask. RESULT: All subjects completed the experiment successfully. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) elevated significantly, while stroke volume had no striking change, as compared with control group when wearing G-suit with 65% or 90% bladder coverage G-suit. During PPB for 3 min, cardiovascular function didn't change significantly. The mean value of MAP was proportional to the level of PPB. CONCLUSION: The greater G-suit bladder coverage, the less cardiovascular function effect when PPB was conducted simultaneously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Vaccination coverage levels among Alaska Native children aged 19-35 months--National Immunization Survey, United States, 2000-2001.

In 2000, a total of 118,846 persons indicated that their race/ethnicity was Alaska Native (AN), either alone or in combination with one or more other racial/ethnic groups. AN groups comprise 19% of the population of Alaska and 0.4% of the total U.S. population. The AN grouping includes Eskimos, Aleuts, and Alaska Indians (members of the Alaska Athabaskan, Tlingit, Haida, or other AN tribes). Eskimo represented the largest AN tribal grouping, followed by Tlingit/Haida, Alaska Athabascan, and Aleut. Vaccination coverage levels among AN children have not been reported previously. This report presents data from the National Immunization Survey (NIS) for 2000-2001, which indicate that vaccination coverage levels among AN children aged 19-35 months exceeded the national health objective for 2010 (objective no. 14-22) for the majority of vaccines. This achievement indicates the effectiveness of using multiple strategies to increase vaccination coverage. Similar efforts might increase vaccination coverage in other rural regions with American Indian (AI)/AN populations.

Alaska↗
PubMed1992

[Coverage of health services].

In this paper the concepts and criteria related to health coverage are discussed in the context of the organization of national health systems. The main international agreements based on WHO/PAHO proposals are also described. The relationship between primary health care and health coverage is analyzed and the evolution of the programs for the extension of health coverage in Mexico are discussed, with emphasis on the problems of overlap and definition of the universe in the several institutions of the health sector. Finally, the author reviews the problems to measure coverage in order to guarantee social and operative efficiency of the Mexican health system.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1992

Three-dimensional evaluation of acetabular coverage of the femoral head in normal hip joints and hip joints with acetabular dysplasia.

Compared with the assessment by data processing-coupled CT scanning, three dimensional evaluations of the acetabular coverage of the femoral head from a plain X-ray picture of the hip joint is found to be a simpler and easier procedure. In addition, the calculated values agree well with those obtained by CT in reconstruction. Consequently, this method is of great value in evaluating the severity of diseases of the hip joint. The acetabular coverage of the anterior portion of the hip joint is decreased in the elderly even if the hip joint is normal. Because this decrease may result in primary arthrosis deformans, it should be studied further. Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is a far better method than Salter's for the early stage of coxarthritis. The present study concludes that it is vitally important to maintain the normal ratio of the anterior and posterior coverage and the shape of the acetabular coverage in the treatment of coxarthritis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2004

Vaccination coverage among children entering school--United States, 2003-04 school year.

One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to sustain > or =95% vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten through first grade (objective 14-23). To determine the percentage of vaccination coverage among children entering kindergarten, data on vaccination coverage were analyzed from reports submitted to the National Immunization Program by states, the District of Columbia (DC), and eight current or former U.S. territories for the 2003-04 school year. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that coverage for all vaccines except hepatitis B (HepB) and varicella was reported at >90% in 45 areas. However, the vaccines required in each reporting area and the methods for surveying kindergarten-aged children vary substantially; in seven states, <20% of eligible children were surveyed. The wide variations in survey populations underscore the need for CDC to continue working with immunization programs in states, DC, and current or former territories to improve survey methods and automate reporting of data.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Analysis on the relationship between tuberculosis case detection and short-course coverage of directly observed treatment in China].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors influencing tuberculosis (TB) case detection so as to predict the trend of case detection in the year of 2005. METHODS: Data was collected and analyzed regarding the correlation between the registration rate of newly identified smear-positive TB case and the directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) coverage from 1996 to 2003. Based on the correlation analysis, regression equation was built to predict the case registration rate in 2005. RESULTS: Both case registration rate and case detection rate showed an increasing trend from 1996 to 1998 and kept a platform between 1999 and 2002, followed by a zooming change in 2003 to reach a 45% case detection rate while the smear-positive TB case registration rate and DOTS coverage showed highly correlative (r = 0.849, P = 0.008). The regression equation was: y = b(0) + b(1) X = 1.754 + 0.217X (95% CI of beta: 0.082 - 0.352), F = 15.43, P = 0.008; R(2) = 0.72. If the DOTS coverage rate reaches 100% in 2005, the national new smear-positive registration rate will have become 23.5/100 000 (95% CI: 10.0 - 37.0) and the national new smear-positive case detection rate will have reached 51.8% (95% CI: 22.0 - 81.5). CONCLUSION: Our research finding revealed that not only the expansion of DOTS could promote the rate of TB case detection but the quality of DOTS also played an important role in the TB control program. In order to reach the target of 70% case detection rate in 2005, programs as accelerating the DOTS expansion to increase the DOTS coverage and improving the quality of DOTS as well as other control measures need to be strengthened.

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of routine immunization coverage in some districts of West Bengal and Assam.

A coverage evaluation survey was carried out in the five districts of West Bengal and Goalpara district of Assam during the period from November 2002 to April 2003 through 40 clusters sampling technique. Results revealed that highest coverage with routine immunization was in Paschim Medinipur (82.5%) followed by Kolkata (71.6%), Malda (65.3%), 24 Parganas South (61.9%) districts of West Bengal. Murshidabad district of West Bengal had only 41.3% coverage while poorest coverage was observed in Goalpara district (27.2%) of Assam. "Not aware of the need for routine immunization" was the main reason for not being vaccinated with all the UIP vaccines. Vaccination was given mainly through government hospitals in Kolkata while it was administered mainly through subcentres in the other rural districts.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2005

Hepatitis a vaccination coverage among children aged 24-35 months--United States, 2003.

Hepatitis A vaccine was first licensed in the United States in 1995. In 1996, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended vaccination of children aged >/=24 months in populations with the highest incidence of hepatitis A (e.g., American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN], Asian/Pacific Islander, and selected Hispanic and religious communities). In 1999, these guidelines were expanded to recommend routine vaccination for children residing in 11 states where average annual hepatitis A incidence during 1987-1997 was at least 20 per 100,000 population (twice the national average) and to consider routine vaccination for children in six states where average annual incidence was 10-20 per 100,000 population. This report is the first national analysis of hepatitis A vaccination coverage among children. The results indicate that, in 2003, vaccination coverage levels with at least 1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine for children aged 24-35 months varied from 6.4% to 72.7% in areas where routine vaccination is recommended. In addition, hepatitis A vaccination coverage rates for children aged 24-35 months are lower than overall rates for other vaccines recommended for children. Sustaining and improving vaccination coverage among young children is needed to ensure continued declines in hepatitis A incidence in the United States.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Estimated influenza vaccination coverage among adults and children--United States, September 1, 2004-January 31, 2005.

In response to the unexpected shortfall in the 2004--05 influenza vaccine supply, CDC recommended in October 2004 that vaccine be reserved for persons in certain priority groups, including persons aged > or =65 years and 6--23 months, persons aged 2-64 years with conditions that increased their risk for influenza complications, residents of chronic-care facilities, close contacts of infants aged <6 months, and health-care workers with direct patient contact. In late December 2004, based on declining demand among these groups, two additional groups (i.e., healthy persons aged 50-64 years and household contacts of all persons at high risk) were added to the list of vaccination priority groups. To monitor influenza vaccination coverage during the 2004-05 season, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an ongoing, state-based, telephone survey of civilian, noninstitutionalized persons, added new questions to collect information on priority status and the month and year of vaccination for adults and children. This report is based on analysis of data collected during February 1-27, 2005, regarding respondent-reported receipt of influenza vaccination during September 1, 2004-January 31, 2005. The results of this analysis indicated that influenza vaccination coverage levels through January 2005 among adults in priority groups nearly reached those in recent years, whereas coverage levels among adults not in priority groups were approximately half of levels in 2003, in part because 9.3% of those unvaccinated persons in nonpriority groups declined vaccination this season. The results further suggested that designation of the priority groups successfully directed the nation's influenza vaccine supply to those at highest risk. In addition, vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 months was notable (48.4%), given that 2004-05 was the first year this group was recommended for influenza vaccination .

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Childhood influenza vaccination coverage--United States, 2004-05 influenza season.

Children aged <2 years are at increased risk for influenza-related hospitalizations, and children aged 24-59 months are more likely than older children to visit a clinic, hospital, or emergency department with influenza-associated illness. In 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) encouraged annual influenza vaccinations for children aged 6-23 months (and for household contacts of and out-of-home caregivers for children aged <2 years). For the 2004-05 influenza season, ACIP strengthened its encouragement to a full recommendation. For the upcoming 2006-07 influenza season, ACIP has further extended its recommendation to include all children aged 6-59 months (and their household contacts and out-of-home caregivers). Others recommended to receive influenza vaccination include children aged 6-18 years who have certain high-risk medical conditions, are on chronic aspirin therapy, or who are household contacts of persons at high risk for influenza complications. This report provides an assessment of influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 months during the 2004-05 influenza season. The findings demonstrate that vaccination coverage in that age group approximately doubled from the 2003-04 influenza season, with substantial variability among states and urban areas. However, the percentage of fully vaccinated children remained low, underscoring the need for increased measures to improve pediatric vaccination coverage and ongoing monitoring of coverage among young children and their close contacts.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public health news frames in North Carolina newspaper coverage of the 100% Tobacco-Free Schools campaign? Sometimes.

OBJECTIVE: News organizations are an important and influential part of the social environment. They identify certain issues by the extent and nature of their coverage. To help explain what public health policy messages may have influenced school policy decisions, this content analysis provides an examination of newspaper coverage of North Carolinas 100% tobacco-free schools campaign. DATA COLLECTION METHODS: Researchers searched LexisNexis for articles published in North Carolina newspapers between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2004 that included variations of "North Carolina tobacco-free schools." Researchers then conducted a descriptive analysis of 138 stories from nine North Carolina newspapers (approximately 4% of all the states newspapers) and used page placement and story type to examine the level of importance placed on the issue. Finally, frames for and against tobacco-free school policies were tracked, along with the presence of key messages presented by 100% TFS advocates. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The volume of news coverage changed throughout the study period, with peaks and valleys closely associated with external "trigger" events. In addition, a majority of the newspaper articles did not include key public health messages. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an opportunity for public health experts and officials to work more effectively with local journalists to increase the use (and impact) of public health messages in news coverage of tobacco policies affecting youth.

Child↗