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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The nutritional value and quality of squid (Illex illecebrosus) meal as source of dietary protein for broiler chicken.

1. Squid meal (SqM), produced by grinding and drying the whole squid (Illex illecebrosus) common to the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean, contained 645 g protein/kg and appeared limiting with respect to lysine, methionine and cystine. 2. Although a comparison of the essential amino acid profiles of SqM with other protein concentrates indicated that SqM was higher than fish meal and soya-bean meal but lower than casein or whole-egg protein, these teported for evaluating protein quality of SqM. It was based on the direct chromatographic determination, of its collagen content, from the amounts of 5-hydroxylysine or 5-hydroxyproline present, and elastin, from the amounts of desmosine or iso-desmosine present. This method can also be routinely used to assess the connective tissue content and protein quality of animal protein supplements such as fish, meat-and-bone meals. 4. A nutritional evaluation of SqM as a source of protein for poultry was carried out using 320 male and 320 female Cobb chicks fed from 1-d-old to 48 d, a control diet containing 50 g/kg fish meal or test diets containing 50 g, 100 g or 150 g SqM/kg. 5. Feeding of SqM at a rate of up to 100 g/kg diet resulted in optimum biological response and monetary returns.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2004

Effect of locust bean gum in anti-regurgitant milk on the regurgitation in uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of anti-regurgitant milk (AR milk) with reduced concentration of locust bean gum (LBG) compared with the usual commercially available concentration of this thickener. METHODS: Thirty infants with daily regurgitation but no other medical problems were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Infants in group A (n = 16) were fed either HL-450, an AR milk thickened with a commonly used concentration of LBG (0.45 g/100 mL) or control milk (HL-00; no LBG) in a crossover manner for periods of 1 week. The order of milk was randomly chosen for each subject. Infants in group B (n = 14) were fed HL-350, an AR milk with a reduced LBG concentration (0.35 g/100 mL), or HL-00 in the same crossover fashion. The number of episodes of regurgitation, feeding time, and body weight gain were recorded. Three infants in group B did not complete the protocol and were excluded. RESULTS: Both AR formulas decreased the number of regurgitation episodes by approximately 50% compared with control. Five mothers who gave their infants HL-450 and no mothers who fed their children HL-350 reported that the infants had difficulty sucking the formula through the nipple. Thirteen (81.3%) mothers who used HL-450 and 9 (81.8%) mothers who used HL-350 preferred the AR milk to the control milk. CONCLUSIONS: An AR milk with reduced LBG was as effective in reducing regurgitation as one with the usually available concentration of LBG.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Partial deletion of the Rhizobium phaseoli CFN23 symbiotic plasmid implies a concomitant amplification of plasmid DNA sequences.

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli CFN23 loses its ability to nodulate beans at a high frequency because of a deletion of part of its symbiotic (pSym) plasmid (Soberón-Chávez et al., 1986). We report here that at least 80 kb of pSym are deleted upon loss of the symbiotic phenotype; the deletion removes the nitrogenase structural nifHDK and the common nodABC genes. The size of the deleted pSym is not reduced, since it is accompanied by an amplification of other pSym plasmid sequences. This genetic rearrangement is similar to the deletion and amplification of yeast mitochondrial DNA leading to 'petite' mutations.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1982

Organization and expression of leghaemoglobin genes.

Leghaemoglobin genes in soybean (Glycine max) are present as a moderately reiterated family of sequences. Since there are identical restriction site patterns of these sequences in DNA isolated from leaf, root, or nodule tissue, the data suggest that no major changes in the organization or methylation of leghaemoglobin genes occur during their induction. Cloned soybean leghaemoglobin-cDNA cross hybridized with RNA from root nodules of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and to a lesser extent, of pea (Pisum sativum) indicating sequence homology in the leghaemoglobin genes of these species. Hybridization to the genomic DNA restriction fragments of two other species, Glycine soja and Vicia faba, also indicated interspecies sequence homologies. Several restriction fragments appear to be common to all species examined. The induction of these genes occurs following infection of the plant by Rhizobium and is independent of the appearance of nitrogenase activity in the nodules. The level of expression is, however, influenced by various mutations in Rhizobium that result in the development of ineffective (nonnitrogen fixing) nodules.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Automatic semantic interpretation of anatomic spatial relationships in clinical text.

A set of semantic interpretation rules to link the syntax and semantics of locative relationships among anatomic entities was developed and implemented in a natural language processing system. Two experiments assessed the ability of the system to identify and characterize physico-spatial relationships in coronary angiography reports. Branching relationships were by far the most common observed (75%), followed by PATH (20%) and PART/WHOLE relationships. Recall and precision scores were 0.78 and 0.67 overall, suggesting the viability of this approach in semantic processing of clinical text.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1986

Some protease inhibitors are also inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

The low-molecular-weight peptide protease inhibitors, tosyl-lysine-chloromethyl ketone, antipain and leupeptin, inhibited poly(ADP-ribose) [poly(ADP-Rib)] polymerase in permeable cells. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition were 3.6, 5 and 29 mM, respectively. Two peptides without protease inhibitor activity, fibrinopeptide A and phenylalanine-leucine-(glutamine)2-leucine, also inhibited poly (ADP-Rib) synthesis; doses required for 50% inhibition were 0.37 and 11.2 mM, respectively. These concentrations lie within a range bracketed by the 50% inhibition concentrations of the strong and weak poly(ADP-Rib) synthesis inhibitors, 3-amino-benzamide (0.15 mM) and caffeine (greater than 100 mM), respectively. N-Ethylmaleimide also inhibited poly(ADP-Rib) synthesis, at a 50% inhibitory dose of 0.3 mM, in the absence of exogenous thiol reagents. High-molecular-weight protease inhibitors, such as soybean (including Bowman-Birk reagent) and lima bean trypsin inhibitors and human alpha 1-protease inhibitor, had no effect on poly(ADP-Rib) synthesis up to 2 mg/ml. Interference with transformation and other cellular effects that have been reported in carcinogen-damaged cells treated with low-molecular-weight peptide protease inhibitors may therefore involve common mechanisms with poly(ADP-Rib) inhibitors. Similar effects of high-molecular-weight protease inhibitors presumably involve different mechanisms.

Antipain↗
PubMed1989

A new technique for removing foreign bodies of the external auditory canal.

Foreign bodies of the external auditory canal are a common and challenging problem. Several techniques have been described and utilized to remove the many objects placed in ears. The tightly wedged smooth round foreign body remains one of the most difficult to remove. A new method, using a cyanoacrylate adhesive (Super Glue) was used successfully to remove a soy bean in a 16-year-old male. The glue was placed on the blunt end of a cotton swab, which was then introduced into the canal to make contact with the bean. Removal was easy, safe, and effective. This procedure avoided the morbidity associated with many well known techniques, eg, the use of forceps, and may have prevented removal under general anesthesia.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1994

Biological and psychosocial predictors of job performance following a first episode of psychosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate occupational functioning 18 months after a first episode of psychosis and 2) to determine predictors of differential outcome. METHOD: Using a variety of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychophysiological measures, the project team assessed adults experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia (N = 33) or affective psychosis (N = 31). Identical measures were obtained from a comparison group (N = 46) who had no history of psychiatric disorder. Work performance was rated at entry into the study and 18 months later. RESULTS: At entry into the study, the schizophrenic subjects displayed the worst job performance, the asymptomatic individuals the best. The subjects with affective psychosis fell in between. Each of the two diagnostic groups evidenced postmorbid occupational decline. Three factors predicted good outcome in the schizophrenic group--good premorbid job performance, female gender, and scores on putative markers of biological vulnerability for the illness. For the affective disorder group, positive labeling by a significant other proved the only predictor of good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that post-morbid occupational decline is common to both schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Past accomplishment and biological vulnerability predicted short-term course for these schizophrenic patients; psychosocial factors played a more prominent role in affective psychosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of the oligosaccharide units of xyloglucans by digestion with isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase followed by anion-exchange chromatography.

A method for rapidly identifying six of the most commonly found xyloglucan oligosaccharide units, XXXG, XLXG, XXLG, XLLG, XXFG, and XLFG was developed by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) before and after digestion with purified isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase (IPase). Using this method, the compositions of oligosaccharide units of soybean and mung bean xyloglucans were re-examined. Significant amounts of oligosaccharides that have not previously been reported to be oligosaccharide units of soybean and mung bean xyloglucans were found.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1978

The diagnosis of hypersensitivity to ingested foods. Reliability of skin prick testing and the radioallergosorbent test with different materials.

The diagnostic reliability in food allergy of skin prick tests (SPT) and the radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) was investigated in paediatric patients with respiratory and skin allergies. SPT and RAST were found to be reliable for the diagnosis of allergy to codfish, peas, nuts, peanuts and egg white. Positive SPT and RAST to cereals were common, but were most often without clinical significance or were correlated with respiratory allergy to the inhalation of flour dust. SPT and RAST were only partly reliable with regard to allergy to cow's milk, and were mostly reliable when used together and showing corresponding results. Experimental allergosorbents for RAST with soy beans and white beans were not reliable. The study shows the need to improve the diagnostic materials and to establish the diagnostic reliability of the material and tests used for each food item in question.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Whether variable cleavage of Enoplida (Nematoda) is primitive? Notes to D.A. Voronov article "Comparative embryology of Nematoda and the law of embryologic similarity].

The early embryonic development of Nematoda proceeds by three ways, which strictly correspond to three phylogenetic lineages. Under the first way the endodermal precursor is localized in the posterior blastomere at the two-cells stage (such a determination is the peculiarity of all the Chromadoria, including Secernentea and Caenorhabditis elegans). Under the second way the endodermal precursor is localized in the anterior blastomere of the egg. This feature is very unusual for Metazoa, but it is the only way of entoderm determination in all the Dorylaimia orders (Mononchida, Mermithida, Trichinellida, Dioctophymida, Dorylaimida). The third way described for the sea Enoplida is characterized with variable location of blastomers and changeable localization of endodermal precursor before eight-cells stage. It is still unknown of these three variants was typical the most recent common ancestor of present Nematoda. D.A. Voronov (2001) produced argument in favour of variable cleavage as primitive one for Nematoda. This opinion is rejected because of the similarity in development between sea Enoplida and C. elegans. Both of them share such features as low-cell gastrula and neurula, identical phylotypic lima bean stage of embryogenesis, identity of some geometrical figures 4 or 8 blastomers, isolating of the endodermal precursor at the eight-cells stage, the lack in development of any plesiomorphous features, which are widely distributed outside Nematoda (under the variable cleavage of Enoplida there are no such locations of blastomers, which are typical for spiral or radial cleavage, there are no embryonic leaves as well). One can see the homology of separate cells at adult Enoplida and Rhabditia. Cell lineage of Triplonchida as far as it is described at Tobrilus gracilis doesn't exclude the hypothesis on their origin from the cleavage similar to one of present Dorylaimia with localization of the endodermal precursor in the anterior blastomere. In view of all the considerations mentioned above one should interpret variable cleavage of Enoplida as derivation from invariant cleavage.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Epidemiologic profiling: evaluating foodborne outbreaks for which no pathogen was isolated by routine laboratory testing: United States, 1982-9.

The objective was to evaluate foodborne outbreaks of undetermined aetiology by comparing them to pathogen-specific epidemiologic profiles of laboratory-confirmed foodborne outbreaks. National foodborne outbreak data reported to CDC during 1982-9 were categorized by clinico-epidemiologic profiles based on incubation, duration, percent vomiting, fever and vomiting to fever ratio. From the pathogen-specific profiles, five syndromes were developed: a vomiting-toxin syndrome resembling Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; a diarrhoea-toxin syndrome characteristic of Clostridium perfringens, a diarrhaeogenic Escherichia coli syndrome, a Norwalk-like virus syndrome, and a salmonella like syndrome. Of 712 outbreaks, 624 (87.6%) matched one of five syndromes; 340 (47.8%) matched the Norwalk-like syndrome and 83 (11.7%) matched the salmonella-like syndrome. After combining information on known pathogens and epidemiologic profiles, only 88 (12.4%) outbreaks remained unclassified. Norwalk-like virus outbreaks appear as common as salmonella-like outbreaks. We conclude that profiling can help classify outbreaks, guide investigations and direct laboratory testing to help detect new and emerging pathogens.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1983

Secretion of plant storage globulin polypeptides by Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Xenopus oocytes injected with poly(A)-containing RNA from developing cotyledons of field beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) synthesize precursor polypeptides to the major storage globulins legumin and vicilin. These polypeptides are secreted into the medium without proteolytic cleavage of the legumin propolypeptides into the mature disulfide-linked alpha and beta chains. Similarly, storage globulin polypeptides from pea (Pisum sativum L.) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were secreted from oocytes. Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin does not prevent secretion. This first report on the secretion of plant polypeptides by Xenopus oocytes shows that (a) intracellular deposition of storage proteins in membrane-bounded organelles (protein bodies) of plants and extracellular secretion have step(s) in common, and (b) the cell, in addition to the mRNA, determines the final destination of these polypeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Near identity of 3- RNA secondary structure in bromoviruses and cucumber mosaic virus.

The 3- terminal sequences of RNAs 1, 2, 3 and 4 from each of the three bromoviruses (brome mosaic, cowpea chlorotic mottle and broad bean mottle viruses) and also from cucumber mosaic virus display interviral sequence similarity in addition to strong intraviral homology. Interviral similarity is much more evident when RNA secondary, rather than primary, structures are compared. The last 190 bases of the various RNAs can fold into strikingly similar, extensively base-paired secondary structures whose common features are supported by RNA structure mapping. The extreme 3' end of each viral RNA can base-pair in two distinct configurations. Bromovirus RNA 3s each contain an unusually accessible internal oligo(A) sequence which, in brome mosaic virus at least, is located in the intercistronic noncoding region. Functional implications of these structural features are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concurrent focal hepatic and splenic lesions: a pictorial guide to differential diagnosis.

Although medical literature and differential diagnoses discussions tend to be organ specific, systemic diseases more commonly manifest with multi-organ involvement. Detection of dual organ involvement combined with clinical history narrows the differential to provide a more specific diagnosis. Two organs closely linked are the liver and the spleen. Many processes affect both of these organs through their common denominator, the reticuloendothelial system (RES). This pictorial essay reviews the wide spectrum of benign and malignant pathologies to be considered when computed tomography (CT) demonstrates concurrent focal disease in the liver and spleen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Xyloglucan oligosaccharides promote growth and activate cellulase: evidence for a role of cellulase in cell expansion.

Oligosaccharides produced by the action of fungal cellulase on xyloglucans promoted the elongation of etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) stem segments in a straight-growth bioassay designed for the determination of auxins. The oligosaccharides were most active at about 1 micromolar. We tested the relative growth-promoting activities of four HPLC-purified oligosaccharides which shared a common glucose(4). xylose(3) (XG7) core. The substituted oligosaccharides XG8 (glucose(4). xylose(3). galactose) and XG9n (glucose(4). xylose(3). galactose(2)) were more effective than XG7 itself and XG9 (glucose(4). xylose(3). galactose. fucose). The same oligosaccharides also promoted the degradation, assayed viscometrically, of xyloglucan by an acidic cellulase from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves. The oligosaccharides were highly active at 10(-4) molar, causing up to a fourfold increase in activity, but the effect was still detectable at 1 micromolar. Those oligosaccharides (XG8 and XG9n) which best promoted growth, stimulated cellulase activity to the greatest extent. The oligosaccharides did not stimulate the action of the cellulase in an assay based on the conversion of [(3)H]xyloglucan to ethanol-soluble fragments. This suggest that the oligosaccharides enhanced the midchain hydrolysis of xyloglucan molecules (which would rapidly reduce the viscosity of the solution), at the expense of cleavage near the termini (which would yield ethanol-soluble products). We suggest that the promotion of midchain xyloglucan cleavage, by loosening the primary cell wall matrix, explains the promotion of growth by the oligosaccharides.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Concepts of pharmacy employees concerning the management of diarrhea in children].

The purpose of this study was to establish the concepts of the drugstore salesforce on the management of acute diarrhea in children. The study was carried out in Guatemala by means of a direct interview of 427 employees of an equal number of drugstores, that were representative of the total drugstores in the country. The results showed that one third of the employees only have grammar education or less, that they were young adults without training in medicine or drug therapy, and that it frequent that people ask for medication for diarrhea in children. For food during diarrhea, fat, milk, meat and beans were mentioned as bad foods, and starch gruels, vegetables and soups were mentioned as good food. From the total sample 82.4% stated that antibiotics are indicated always or almost always, 69.8% prescribe antidiarrheicals as caolin/pectine alone or in combination with antibiotics or sulfonamides, and 33.0% prescribe antibiotics, being ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole the more common; 73.5% prescribe oral rehydration, but only 8.7% of drugstores have oral rehydration salts recommended by WHO/UNICEF. Based on these results it is recommended to establish a longitudinal program in order to train this group of people who are in primary care, on the management of acute diarrhea in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma.

BACKGROUND: Fetal cells can be found in the maternal circulation in most pregnancies. Fetal progenitor cells have been found to persist in the circulation of women many years after childbirth. We tested the hypothesis that microchimerism is involved in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Scleroderma is of interest because of a strong female predilection, an increased incidence in the years after childbearing, and clinical similarities between scleroderma and chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. We also investigated whether HLA-compatibility of a child was associated with later development of scleroderma in the mother. METHODS: We enrolled 40 women who had previously given birth to at least one son--16 healthy controls, 17 scleroderma patients, and seven healthy sisters of patients. We used quantitative PCR to amplify a Y-chromosome-specific sequence in whole peripheral blood from these women. Also 32 controls with 58 children, and 21 scleroderma patients with 47 children were HLA genotyped. FINDINGS: The mean number of male cell DNA equivalents among controls was 0.38 cells per 16 mL whole blood (median 0 [range 0-2]) and 11.1 (6.0 [0-61]) among scleroderma patients (p = 0.0007). Controls' youngest sons were born a mean of 15.4 years previously, and scleroderma patients' sons 18.5 years previously. Some scleroderma patients had concentrations of male DNA higher than those found in most pregnant women. HLA-class II compatibility of a child from the mother's perspective was more common among scleroderma patients than among controls, but was not essential for persistence of male DNA in maternal peripheral blood. INTERPRETATION: Low concentrations of male DNA can be detected in healthy women decades after the birth of a son. Microchimerism in scleroderma patients could be secondary to the underlying disease. However, the finding that HLA class II compatibility of a child was more common for scleroderma patients than for controls, supports the possibility that microchimerism may be involved in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.

Adolescent↗