Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UTAH”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Changes in sodium-lithium countertransport correlate with changes in triglyceride levels and body mass index over 2 1/2 years of follow-up in Utah.

We have previously reported from a cross-sectional study that plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C were significantly and independently correlated with Na(+)-Li+ countertransport. These original participants were rescreened 2 1/2 years later (range of 20-58 months), with lipid, blood pressure, and Na(+)-Li+ countertransport measurements from both visits on 906 normotensive adults. The correlation found between age- and sex-adjusted triglyceride levels and Na(+)-Li+ countertransport at visit 1 (r = 0.34, p less than 0.0001) was reconfirmed at visit 2 (r = 0.32, p less than 0.0001). The Na(+)-Li+ countertransport correlations with HDL-C (r = -0.11, p less than 0.01) and body mass index (r = 0.24, p less than 0.0001) also remained at visit 2. After 30 months, there were significant increases of triglyceride, body mass index, blood pressure, and Na(+)-Li+ countertransport levels, and significant decreases of HDL-C and total cholesterol levels, after adjusting the changes in these variables between visit 2 and visit 1 for age, sex, time between the two visits, and the visit 1 level of the variable. Increases in triglycerides, cholesterol, and body mass index were significantly correlated with increases in Na(+)-Li+ countertransport (r = 0.23, r = 0.19, and r = 0.21, respectively). The correlations of the lipid and lipoprotein changes with Na(+)-Li+ countertransport changes were independent of body mass index and blood pressure changes. We conclude that increasing plasma triglyceride levels and body mass index are associated with increasing Na(+)-Li+ countertransport levels in both cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Choosing Indicators of Natural Resource Condition: A Case Study in Arches National Park, Utah, USA

/ Heavy visitor use in many areas of the world have necessitated development of ways to assess visitation impacts. Arches National Park recently completed a Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) plan. Integral to this plan was developing a method to identify biological indicators that would both measure visitor impacts and response to management actions. The process used in Arches for indicator selection is outlined here as a model applicableto many areas facing similar challenges. The steps were: (1) Vegetation types most used by visitors were identified. Impacted and unimpacted areas in these types were sampled, comparing vegetation and soil factors. (2) Variables found to differ significantly between compared sites were used as potential indicators. (3) Site-specific criteria for indicators were developed, and potential indicators evaluated using these criteria. (4) Chosen indicators were further researched for ecological relevancy. (5) Final indicators were chosen, field tested, and monitoring sites designated. In Arches, indicators were chosen for monitoring annually (soil crust index, soil compaction, number of used social trails and soil aggregate stability) and every five years (vegetation cover and frequency; ground cover; soil chemistry; and plant tissue chemistry).KEY WORDS: Biological indicators; Recreation impacts; Recreation management; Desert soils; Trampling

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Why do bone strength and "mass" in aging adults become unresponsive to vigorous exercise? Insights of the Utah paradigm.

Trauma excepted, muscle forces cause the largest loads on bones and the largest bone strains. In children, steadily increasing muscle strength increases bone loads and strains above a modeling threshold, which allows modeling to increase bone strength and "mass" and conservation-mode remodeling to retain existing bone. As a result, bone strength and "mass" both increase. In young adults, muscle strength plateaus, so bone strength can increase enough to reduce strains below the modeling threshold, turn modeling off, and also plateau. Those strains still exceed the lower remodeling threshold, so conservation-mode remodeling retains existing bone. Most aging adults lose momentary muscle strength, so their bone strains fall toward the remodeling threshold. That drop leaves modeling off and switches remodeling to its disuse mode to begin removing bone next to marrow, contributing to the well-known age-related loss of bone. Although "vigorous" exercise by aging adults can raise strains above the remodeling threshold to turn conservation-mode remodeling back on and reduce or stop further bone losses, causing the much larger strains needed to reach or exceed the modeling threshold would require larger increases in momentary muscle strength and muscle mass than most such adults could achieve. Thus, exercises that can readily increase bone strength and "mass" in children and adolescents (in whom modeling is already turned on) only seem to reduce bone loss in aging adults. This difference makes their bones seem partly unresponsive to physical exercise. This effect would occur in addition to possible nonbiomechanical explanations that others have suggested for the phenomenon.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Long-term results of cardiac transplantation in patients older than sixty years. UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program.

Advanced age has traditionally been a contraindication to cardiac transplantation. We have, however, offered cardiac transplantation to patients older than 60 years with end-stage heart failure if they were otherwise acceptable candidates. From 1985 to 1994, 527 patients underwent cardiac transplantation. Among these patients, 101 were older than 60 years at transplantation. The mean follow-up of this group is 6 years. Patients older than 60 years had significantly fewer rejection episodes per patient than those who were younger than 60 years at transplantation (1.9 +/- 1.3 vs 2.6 +/- 1.8, p = 0.009). No difference in the number of infectious complications per patient was detected between the two groups. Both short-term and long-term survival after transplantation were significantly lower for patients who were older than 60 years at transplantation than for younger patients (p < 0.05). The 6-year actuarial survival after transplantation for patients older than 60 years was 54% compared with 72% for patients younger than 60 years at transplantation (p < 0.05). Patients older than 60 years at transplantation were more likely to die of infectious complications or malignant disease after transplantation (p < 0.05). We believe caution is warranted in offering cardiac transplantation to patients older than 60 years. This group of patients should be carefully observed for the development of potentially life-threatening infectious complications or new malignant tumors after transplantation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

The Carhart Memorial Lecture, American Auditory Society, Salt Lake City, Utah 1996. Phoneme and word recognition for words in isolation and in sentences.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate relations among scores for phonemes, words in isolation, and words in sentences for listeners with normal hearing and for listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. DESIGN: Ten-word lists of consonant-vowel-consonant monosyllables with each list utilizing the same 10 vowels and 20 consonants (Boothroyd, 1968) were devised and recorded. These words also were incorporated into contextually correct sentences and recorded by the same talker. The materials were presented in quiet to 36 listeners with normal hearing and to 876 listeners (1260 ears) with sensorineural hearing loss. Formulae derived by Boothroyd and Nittrouer (1988) to relate scores for phonemes, words, and sentences were applied to the data. RESULTS: Phoneme scoring yielded scores that were on the order of 20% higher than scores for whole words heard in isolation, and scores for words in sentences were about 20% higher than when the same words were heard singly. Relations among scores for phonemes, words in isolation, and words in sentences were very similar to those observed by Boothroyd and Nittrouer (1988). The constants derived from application of their formulae to our data were very similar to the constants Boothroyd and Nittrouer obtained for a different set of materials presented against a noise background to listeners with normal hearing. Further, the constants were similar for our group of listeners with normal hearing and our large sample of listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: 1) These findings support Bilger's (1984) unifying assumptions that speech recognition is a single construct; therefore, scores on all speech recognition tests must be related and scores on one speech recognition test should be predictive of scores on other tests. 2) Advantages of phoneme scoring include: A) It increases the sample size of scored items for a given list of words, thereby reducing variability in test results. B) Statistical equivalence of phoneme scores for the same 30 phonemes in each of two isophonemic word lists can be evaluated quickly and easily by applying the binomial distribution model to the scores (Thornton & Raffin, 1978). C) Phoneme scores are reasonably accurate predictors of recognition of words in the contextually correct but generally low probability sentences used in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

1995 Park City Molecular Psychiatry Conference, 5-8 February 1995, Park City, Utah.

In sum, the Park City Conference provided a conducive environment for data presentation and interaction among investigators. Over the past year much progress has been made, including advances in the ascertainment of families, genotyping and analytic methods. A critical mass in the field appears realized and major advances may be forthcoming.

Bipolar Disorder↗