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Results for “Transcobalamins”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Biochemical analysis of enzymic markers of inflammation in rectal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Rectal biopsies were collected from control subjects, patients with ulcerative colitis both active and quiescent, and from patients with Crohn's disease, both with and without rectal involvement, as judged by histological assessment. Tissue homogenates were assayed for neutrophil (vitamin B12 binding protein, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme) and lymphocyte (5' nucleotidase) selective markers. Patients with acute but not those with quiescent colitis had striking increases of the neutrophil markers. Neither patient group with ulcerative colitis showed a change in the lymphocyte marker enzyme activity. Patients with Crohn's disease involving the rectum showed significant, but less marked, increases in the activity of the neutrophil markers that were found in active ulcerative colitis. Patients with Crohn's disease, not involving the rectum, showed normal or reduced levels of neutrophil markers. Patients with Crohn's disease, both those with and without rectal involvement, had increased activities of the lymphocyte selective marker. This distinguishes this inflammatory response from that of ulcerative colitis and provides further biochemical evidence of abnormalities in apparently uninvolved mucosa from Crohn's patients.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1984

Cobalamin and folate binding proteins in human tumour tissue.

The serum of an 84 year old man with disseminated carcinoma was found to contain extremely high concentrations of cobalamin and of a cobalamin binding protein with trans-cobalamin I characteristics. Tumour tissue samples obtained at necropsy contained considerably higher concentrations of cobalamin binding protein (R-binder) than normal tissues. Tumour tissues also contained increased concentrations of specific folate binding protein. In all tissues studied a close correlation existed between unsaturated cobalamin and unsaturated folate binding and between total cobalamin and total folate binding. These results suggest related mechanisms for the synthesis of cobalamin binding proteins of the R-binder class and folate binding proteins by tumour tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Linkage relations of a locus for congenital total nuclear cataract.

A family with an autosomal dominant form of congenital cataract, total nuclear cataract, was examined for genetic linkage between the cataract locus and 30 marker loci. Close linkage was excluded for all of the 21 informative loci. There was no significant evidence for linkage of the cataract locus with any of the marker loci.

Amylases↗
PubMed2003

Low vitamin B-12 status in confirmed Alzheimer's disease as revealed by serum holotranscobalamin.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible association of holotranscobalamin, the active fraction of serum cobalamin, with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: 51 patients with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease and 65 cognitively screened elderly controls were studied. Serum holotranscobalamin was measured by a new solid phase radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Geometric mean levels showed no significant case-control differences for serum total cobalamin, but lower levels of holotranscobalamin in Alzheimer's disease (41.1 pmol/l) than in controls (57.1 pmol/l) (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of Alzheimer's disease was significant for low holotranscobalamin but not for low total cobalamin. CONCLUSIONS: Disturbed cobalamin status is common in Alzheimer's disease and accordingly measurement of holotranscobalamin should be considered in the assessment of cognitively impaired patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The pharmacologic treatment of portal hypertension.

Surgical procedures that lower portal pressure, such as portacaval shunts, prevent variceal hemorrhage. Portal hypertension is the result of increased flow and increased resistance in the portal system. Pharmacologic therapy is aimed at altering these factors by the use of vasoconstrictors to reduce flow and vasodilators to decrease resistance. The current status of pharmacologic agents to achieve these effects is reviewed.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1993

Asialoglycoprotein receptor mRNAs are expressed in most extrahepatic rat tissues during development.

The expression of an asialoglycoprotein receptor, comprised of a major (R-1) and minor (R-2/3) component, was characterized in various rat tissues during postnatal development. Two R-1 mRNA subspecies were identified in the liver by Northern blots. The 1.4-kb form, which was the predominant subspecies in the liver, was detected in small amounts only in the stomach and kidney. The 1.7-kb mRNA, however, was present in all extrahepatic tissues examined. R-1 mRNA content in the liver increased by only 38% during the suckling period, but the extrahepatic R-1 mRNA had a dramatic biphasic developmental pattern with the highest levels at birth and after weaning. The R-2/3 mRNA was present as a single species on Northern blot in the liver and in a restricted number of extrahepatic tissues (salivary glands, ileum, and kidney) but was detected in most tissues by polymerase chain reaction. The R-2/3 mRNA content in the liver increased fourfold after birth but was consistently low in the other tissues. [57Co]cobalamin-haptocorrin binding activity was present in all extrahepatic tissues examined, although only at a level 2-5% of hepatic binding. Binding affinities of the adult kidney brush-border membranes (1.9 x 10(9) M-1) and the adult liver plasma membranes (2.4 x 10(9) M-1) were comparable. On Western blot, < 4% of adult liver R-1 content and a relatively larger amount of R-2/3 were detected in all four extrahepatic tissues examined. Thus the low binding activity in extrahepatic tissues correlates with the presence of both receptor subunits, which are closely related to or identical with the hepatic receptor subunits.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Affinity chromatographic identification of vitamin B12-binding proteins in egg white.

To identify vitamin B12-binding proteins in egg white, an affinity chromatographic isolation procedure was applied. A fraction tightly absorbed on vitamin B12 immobilized in agarose was eluted with 1 mM cyanocobalamin, and then separated by isoelectric focusing in sucrose density gradient. Two isolated proteins (or perhaps two forms of the same protein) of isoelectric points 6.2 and 7.2 and the same Mr 90,000 were found capable of detectable vitamin B12 binding. They are probably glycoproteins, each composed of a single polypeptide chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Biliary excretion of cobalamin and cobalamin analogues in man.

Using dialysis, gel filtration, isoelectrofocusing and radioaffinity assay, we studied the unsaturated and saturated binders of bile and the biliary concentration of cobalamin (Cbl) and Cbl analogues compared to the corresponding serum concentrations in 7 choledochodomized patients. Bile contained a single saturated or unsaturated R binder with a molecular mass of about 120,000. Differences in the isoelectrofocusing pattern were observed between unsaturated and saturated R binders and could correspond to two secretion origins, mucosal secretion and hepatocyte clearance, respectively. The concentration of total corrinoids is about 4 times higher in bile than in serum, and this could be explained by a hepatic clearance of serum Cbl analogue-R binder complexes, as previously described in the rabbit. Moreover, the enterohepatic circulation of Cbl seems likely in healthy individuals since the saturated biliary R binder is degraded by pancreatic juice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Increased serum corrinoids correlates with disease severity and IgA levels in alcoholic cirrhosis.

Relationship between increased serum cobalamin level and liver disease have been recently reported. In this work, levels of total corrinoids, cobalamin (vitamin B12) and cobalamin analogues and levels of IgA were determined by radioisotope dilution assay and nephelometric laser analyses. They all have been measured in superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and hepatic vein of controls and of alcoholic cirrhotic patients grouped according to the Child-Pugh classification. Compared with normal subjects, venous blood content of total corrinoids, of cobalamin and of IgA in alcoholic cirrhotics increased significantly with the severity of the disease (p less than 0.01). In severe, moderate, and mild alcoholic cirrhosis total corrinoids and cobalamin were, respectively, about 5-, 2-, and 1.5-fold higher than in controls, whereas IgA was 3-, 2.5- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. The serum IgA level was significantly correlated with the level of seric saturated haptocorrin (r = 0.54; p less than 0.01) and with the seric total corrinoids (r = 0.39; p less than 0.01). In the absence of significant hepatic cytolysis, the enhanced level of seric corrinoids in cirrhosis could be partly explained by a competitive inhibition of the liver uptake of haptocorrin by circulating asialoglycoproteins, including IgA.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Alcoholic cirrhosis and cobalamin metabolism.

The cobalamin status of 27 patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis and 20 control subjects was analyzed. Plasma cobalamin (p < 0.005), total corrinoids (p < 0.005) and their analogs (p < 0.05) were all significantly elevated in the cirrhosis patients. These differences were due to increased haptocorrin (HC)-bound corrinoid (p < 0.02), which could be explained by a deficient hepatic clearance of cobalamin bound to HC. The increase in the concentration of true cobalamin was greater than that of its analogs. There were positive correlations between cholestasis (serum alkaline phosphatase) and plasma analog concentrations (p < 0.05), HC-bound cobalamin (p < 0.005) and total corrinoids bound to HC (p < 0.005). The plasma concentrations of the indicators of cobalamin deficiency, homocysteine (p < 0.05) and methylmalonic acid (p < 0.001), were increased, which could indicate poor cellular penetration of vitamin B12 or a defect in the activation of the two vitamin-B12-dependent enzymes.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltran↗