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PubMed2003

Associations between occupational health behaviors and occupational dental erosion.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between occupational health behaviors and occupational dental erosion. METHODS: Using data for 943 workers among 34 factories, selected by three-stage stratified cluster sampling from 888 factories using acids, two sets of modified case-control studies were performed. The cases were 242 workers with any dental erosion (G1-5) and 78 with severe dental erosion (G3-5); the controls were 701 workers with no erosion (GO) and 864 workers with no or mild erosion grades, GO-2, respectively. The main explanatory variables were behaviors such as wearing a respiratory mask and gargling at work. The results were adjusted for employment, age, sex, knowledge, and opinion about occupational health, attrition, and abrasion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The odds of overall occupational dental erosion (G1-5) was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.42, 0.94) for respiratory mask wearers compared to nonwearers; the odds of severe occupational dental erosion (G3-5) was not significantly less in respiratory mask wearers (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.53, 1.67). Gargling did not show a significant association with occupational dental erosion in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Among occupational health behaviors, wearing personal protective respiratory masks in work was significantly associated with less overall occupational dental erosion.

Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Oral findings of institutionalized handicapped children].

In this study, we investigated the oral conditions of 77 handicapped children (57 boys and 20 girls) and backgrounds of living in an institution. The results were as follows. Among 73 children having permanent dentition, the percentage of subjects with one or more DMF teeth was 94.52%, while DMFT was 7.45. The percentage of teeth treated for dental caries was 57.35%. GI (Gingival Index) was 1.7, and OHI-S was 3.50. The other features observed were attrition of posterior teeth in 25 subjects and crowding in 39. According to the degree of mental retardation, severely retarded children had a lower percentage of teeth treated for dental caries than moderately and mildly retarded children. Additionally, the severely retarded handicapped children who were long-time institutionalized and taking antispastic drugs, had the higher incidence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene. This study indicated the necessity of a scheduled and active practice in order to improve oral hygiene status and gingival condition, and raise the percentage of teeth treated for dental caries of severely retarded children in an institution.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Iatrogenic damage to approximal surfaces in contact with Class II restorations.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the frequency of iatrogenic damage to approximal surfaces in contact with Class II restorations. METHODS: Patients (n = 28) with a Class II restoration in contact with an unrestored surface had elastic separators fitted interproximally. Contralateral (unrestored) control surfaces were also separated. Impressions (light body polyvinylsiloxane) of the separated surfaces were taken 3-6 days later. Interproximal impressions (28 paired, seven unpaired) were examined by binocular microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for iatrogenic damage, attrition and cavitation due to caries. RESULTS: 49-60% of surfaces adjacent to Class II restorations had been iatrogenically damaged. The most frequent types of damage were vertical grooves (26%), extensive damage (17%), indentations (6%) and scratches (6%). Damage was more frequent in maxillary teeth (61%) than mandibular teeth (25%), in permanent teeth (60%) more than deciduous teeth (20%). Qualified dentists produced more iatrogenic damage (64%) than undergraduate students (23%). CONCLUSION: The frequency of iatrogenic damage to approximal surfaces following Class II preparations was 49%, and possibly as much as 60% when questionably damaged surfaces were included. Protection of the adjacent enamel is of paramount importance during Class II cavity preparation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Management of dens evaginatus: evaluation of two prophylactic treatment methods.

Dens evaginatus (DE) is an odontogenic anomaly characterized by an enamel covered tubercle, enclosing dentin and pulpal tissue. It most commonly affects premolar teeth of people of mongoloid ethnicity. The prevalence of DE in Singapore is 2.1%. Fracture or attrition of the tubercle may lead to pulpal necrosis. Thus, prophylactic management of DE is preferred. A retrospective cohort study comparing two common prophylactic restorative methods was conducted. This involved 817 children, aged 10 years at the outset, having 1591 DE. The teeth were observed for 2 years. The results showed that significantly less teeth developed pulpal pathology when an enamoplasty-preventive resin restoration method was used (0.52%) as compared to an amalgam cavity restoration (5.37%) and the control (3.65%) [chi 2 = 9.595 (p < 0.01) df = 2]. Knowledge of the various treatment options and prevalence data is important as there is an increasing global migration of people of mongoloid ethnicity.

Asian People↗
PubMed1984

Forensic aspects of aboriginal skeletal remains in Australia.

The assessment of Aboriginal skeletal remains and their distinction from whites is an area of major importance to the Australian forensic pathologist. The Aborigines, the indigenous people of Australia, are a distinct racial group with many characteristic anthropological features. The assessment of race is best made from an examination of cranial traits, 20 which are of value. A characteristic pattern of attrition of the teeth provides a method for establishing a skeleton as pre-European contact Aboriginal or postcontact tribal Aboriginal. The limb proportions of Aborigines differ significantly from other races and provide a useful adjunct to other racial discriminants. Quantifiable sex discriminants in the Aboriginal pelvis and femur differ in their ranges of values from other races. The humerus and shoulder girdle are of no value in making a racial distinction and are of limited value in sexing Aboriginal skeletons. Some pathological changes seen in Aboriginal skeletons are of value in corroborating race. These pathological changes include evulsion of incisor teeth, healed "parry fractures" of the ulnae, tibial squatting facets, treponemal changes, and auditory exostoses. The place and manner of burial together with related artefacts, features, and ecofacts may also provide corroboration.

Australia↗
PubMed1987

More lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth in American Indians: prehistoric Panamanians.

Lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth (LSA-MAT) has been found in additional prehistoric Latin American Indian skeletons. LSAMAT was first observed in crania from an Archaic Brazilian site. This second finding occurs in teeth from Venado Beach, a late prehistoric site in Panama. LSAMAT is also present in some fragmentary specimens from the Archaic Cerro Mangote site in Panama. LSAMAT at Venado Beach is present in 57% of 28 adult crania. As in the Brazilian study, LSAMAT is associated with a high caries rate (82% of 50 adults; 11.7% of 852 permanent teeth). As first suggested, eating and processing of some type of abrasive carbohydrate food, such as manioc, is the possible cause of LSAMAT. However, other possible causes relating to habitation on or near marine coasts cannot be totally ruled out.

Cuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of a periodontium-approximated specimen holder for attrition studies of telescopic crowns].

To enable attritional studies on telescopic crowns, a specimen holder has been constructed that is intended to simulate, in zero approximation, the biomechanical properties of abutments bearing telescopic crowns. The specimen holder consists essentially of a system with two metal "concertinas" with different elasticity constants reflecting the different biomechanical parameters for periodontium and bone. The biomechanical processes in the periodontium are too complex to be simulated accurately in vitro. Nevertheless, the specimen holder described here enables the forces acting during insertion and removal of a partial denture to be accommodated elastically in the angular and axial directions, to simulate the possible degrees of freedom of the abutments in situ. In this way, the unavoidable errors of specimen fixation are rendered tolerable, so that local preferential wear is decisively reduced.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1987

Longitudinal study of functional conditions in the masticatory system in Flemish children.

A 5-yr longitudinal study on occlusal and functional parameters has been made in 75 children aged 8-11. They were selected at random from an original group of 510 studied 5 yr earlier. The following parameters were measured: frequency of frontal open bite lateral and frontal crossbite, the attrition on molars and on front teeth, the contacts on lateral excursion, pain on condyle palpation, TMJ clicking, deviations in the opening and lateral movement, and the maximal interincisal distance. There was an increase in the percentage of deep bite and crossbite. Attrition on molars was seen in 41% and on front teeth in 13% of the children. No real pattern could be observed as a function of age. The mean maximal opening range was 43.7 mm, varying between 23 and 52 mm. Restricted opening was found in one girl. In 60% a deviation in the opening has been found. In 26% TMJ sounds were observed and 28% had pain on condyle palpation. In most of the children the symptoms were very mild to moderate. No significant correlation could be found between dysfunctional signs and occlusal parameters. The present results did not provide any conclusive answer to the tremendous increase in dysfunctional signs over this 5-yr period. The treatment need is, however, low and should not be overestimated.

Belgium↗
PubMed2000

Dental erosion in Cuban children associated with excessive consumption of oranges.

Marked erosion at the mesial edges of upper front teeth was observed during an examination of Cuban children. The preferential erosion of mesial edges produced characteristic V-shaped defects on upper central incisors, and the aim of the present study, carried out on 12-yr-old children (N = 1010) in 10 communities in the Province of Havana was to establish the frequency of dental erosion and explain its occurrence. The symmetrical erosion of teeth 11 and 21 (excluding crown injuries and attrition) were clinically classified into four grades: 0.5 = objectionable; 1 = abnormal mesial shortening of incisal edges; 2 = V-shaped defect of cutting edges; 3 = exposure of dentine and extension of the erosive defect to the lateral incisors. In four of the communities, children did not show or rarely showed incisal erosion. In the other six communities, the frequency was surprisingly high (16.6-40.9%). Overall, 17.4% of children exhibited erosion, and the occurrence was significantly higher in girls (20.7%) than in boys (15.0%). The typical V-shaped pattern of erosion seems to be a consequence of the manner in which citrus fruits are eaten. There was also a positive correlation between the frequency of dental erosion and the proximity of citrus plantations, which presumably related to the extent of (daily) orange consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Five-year longitudinal recordings of functional variables of the masticatory system in adolescents with intact and restored dentitions. A comparative anamnestic and clinical study.

Recordings of functional variables of the masticatory system were made in 184 subjects, 18-20 years old, 5 years after the first examination. One hundred and six subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F), 35 subjects with previously intact dentitions had received fillings during the follow-up period (group FI), and 43 subjects had intact dentitions at both examinations (group I). In conformity with the first examination 5 years earlier, the subjects in group F had higher scores for dentin facets on the first lower molar. Together with the finding of more frequent attrition on the distal part of the occlusal surface of the second lower molar, this finding indicates more functional or parafunctional activity in restored dentitions. Unilateral contacts in the retruded contact position (RCP) were equally common in all three groups, but the contacts in RCP were more often located in the molar region in group F. The finding at the first examination that interference causing a lateral slide of the mandible between RCP and the intercuspal position (ICP) was commoner in restored dentitions was not confirmed in the present study. Nor did the correlation analysis show any relationship between occlusal factors and signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. However, the differences found between subjects with intact and restored dentitions indicate that the iatrogenic effect of dental filling therapy merits more consideration and more extensive research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Bite force and dentofacial morphology in men with severe dental attrition.

Patients with severely worn dentition were interviewed and clinically examined, and only those were included who had no or minimal subjective symptoms or clinical signs of craniomandibular disorder. During a 14-month screening period, only 7 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; all were men. Maximal bite force was measured in the molar regions and in the incisal region. Facial morphology was evaluated from lateral cephalometric radiographs, and the form of dental arches from dental casts. Average maximal bite force in the molar region was 911 N and in the incisal region 569 N. The most characteristic findings concerning bite force were the high force levels in the incisal region and an incisal/molar bite-force ratio of 63%. The facial morphology of the patients was rectangular, with an anteriorly rotated mandible, small anterior face height, and great interincisal angle. Moreover, the form of the maxillary dental arch was more rectangular than normal. The high bite forces of these patients, especially in the incisal area, can probably be explained by strong masticatory muscles and mechanically favorable skull morphology, which in its turn has been influenced by the surrounding muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Yugoslav Mesolithic dental reduction.

Yugoslav Mesolithic dentition exhibits maximum mesiodistal reduction compared with contemporary European and North African groups. This reduction is not explained entirely by attrition, and may be seen as a continuation of the European Upper Paleolithic trend. Buccolingual dimension does not reduce as much. In fact, this dimension in premolars and molars is larger than in other groups. This observation also occurs in Natufians, who were grain collectors, hunters, and gatherers. The Yugoslav Mesolithic group was collecting and domesticating Cerelia as well as fishing and hunting. Linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) indicate childhood stress through the fifth year, which corroborates previously reported incidence of rickets in this group. The central maxillary incisors and canines manifest higher degrees of LEH, but the appearance on the second molars suggest a more severe physiological disruption. Sex differences in distributions of alveolar resorption and calculus suggest differences in diet or nutritional stress. Previous reports indicate that females had higher incidence of osteomalacia. If so, female nutritional stress may explain the extreme mesiodistal reduction and minimal sexual dimorphism in this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A human skeleton from the Ohguruwa remains.

In 1941, the Ohguruwa remains were discovered at the Mizuho sports ground site in Nagoya. They date from about 3000 B.C., which is the early Jomon era. When the stadium was reconstructed in 1980, four human skeletons were found. Three of them, however, were in poor condition and moreover, were incomplete. However, the second skeleton was in good condition and could almost be reconstructed, and this skeleton (No. 2) was used for our study. It was found in the classic posture with arms and legs folded. Some pieces of a dog's skeleton were also discovered near the No. 2 skeleton's chest. This particular skeleton generally showed characteristics typical of the Jomon era. It had a stout structure and was judged to be a middle aged male because of the following features. There was considerable attrition of the occlusal surfaces on the remaining teeth. The teeth were worn flat, probably owing to the hard food and to their use as a tool. Both canines and first premolars of the upper and lower arches had been extracted in accordance with the custom of the time. Typical caries and localized periodontal breakdown were not observed, although there was horizontal alveolar bone loss, especially in the anterior regions. The mastoid process was extremely large and prominent. The lateral prominence of the mandible was developed. Analysis of lateral cephalogram revealed that the mandible was in the anterior position. The angles of SNA, SNB and ANB were 89.6 degrees, 89.2 degrees and 0.4 degrees, respectively. The skeletal pattern was definitive Class III. The adaptive changes in the teeth, their supporting tissues, temporomandibular joints and the related muscles--the harmonious masticatory system--were all estimated.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

Effects of attritive diet on craniofacial morphology: a cephalometric analysis of a Finnish skull sample.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse cephalometrically the effects of a high-attrition environment on craniofacial morphology. The material consisted of lateral cephalograms of 32 Finnish crania and of a control sample of 50 present-day Finns. The skull sample represented Finns who had lived in the city of Turku during the 15th and 16th centuries. Marked dental attrition was seen in the skulls; the dentition of the control individuals was virtually unworn. The gonial angle, and the angle between the mandibular base and nasal floor were significantly smaller in the skull sample than in the present-day sample. In addition, the upper incisors were more palatally inclined, and the angle between the axes of the upper and lower incisors was significantly larger in the skull sample. The configuration of the cranial base, and the relationship of the clivus to the nasal floor and ramus were similar in both samples. The results indicate that intensive mastication affects mandibular growth by advancing its anterior rotation. The large interincisal angle was caused, almost equally, by the lingual tipping of the upper incisors and the anterior rotation of the mandible. It is suggested that anterior rotation is the natural growth direction of the mandible. However, several functional disturbances, including reduced masticatory stimulation due to modern diet, may promote more posteriorly directed growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Longitudinal changes in the dentition of the deciduous reversed bite using plaster casts].

It is known that some of the deciduous reversed bite cases are corrected spontaneously by themselves. No decisive conclusion, however, has been achieved so far as to what morphological characteristics the self corrected cases have. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether the difference between the self corrected group (n) and the non-self corrected group (r) exists at their initial examination or if it occurs as a result of changes in occlusion. The materials used in this study were the serial plaster casts of 29 Japanese girls with the deciduous reversed bite at their first visit and these were measured with the three dimensional measurement system. The following results were obtained: 1. Characteristics of the initial examination with the n group: Overjet (-) and overbite in the n group were smaller than in the r group. The arch length and the perimeter of the maxillary dentition in the n group were longer, and the area of the incisive bone (U-C) was wider than in the r group. Moreover, the upper and lower canines in almost all of the n group cases were not touching each other and did not restrict mandibular movement, resulting in easy attrition for the deciduous anterior dentition. 2. Longitudinal changes in the n group: Mean change of this group showed a decrease in overbite caused by the attrition of the deciduous central incisors and the continuous eruption of the maxillary second deciduous molars. Overjet also decreased, because of an increase in the maxillary anterior arch length and of backward movement in the mandibular dental arch. Individual changes were much alike in mean changes in almost all of the measured items. Arch width between canines in the maxilla and arch length in the mandible decreased in some cases, suggesting that a discrepancy would occur when the permanent incisors erupt. 3. Longitudinal changes of the r group: Mean changes showed that overbite decreased in the same pattern as the n group, but overjet did not change and the mandible did not show backward movement. The reason was that overbite in this group was deeper than in the n group at the initial examination. Moreover, deciduous molar to molar width became wider to compensate the decrease in the arch length and the perimeter. Individual changes showed that some of the r group cases had a tendency to improve, but some became worse.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Joint epidemiological longitudinal dental survey in Nigeria, especially in comparison with that of Japanese.

Since 1980 we carried out a longitudinal dental survey in Ile-Ife, as a joint study with the dental school of Ife University, Nigeria, being supported by A Grant under The Monbusho International Scientific Research Program for ten years. One thousand one hundred seventy-one children and adults were examined in the 1991 survey. The data were compared with the data in the previous survey and Japanese survey. Results were as follows: 1) Caries prevalence rate and the average number of DMFT were still very low, especially showing that both the caries prevalence and the average number of DMFT decreased in the rural areas because the attrition proceeded faster than the caries, 2) Nigerian deciduous and permanent dentition were larger than in the Japanese in all items measured, 3) the condylar head was transformed from the round shape to the ultra-flat shape with age, 4) there was a fewer incidence of severe periodontal diseases despite of the marked deposition of calculus, 5) with respect to Nigerian foods, there was no difference between the rainy and dry seasons in both the urban and rural communities, 6) the weaning period of the baby is decided by their mother, taking care of the health of the baby, almost all babies at one year to two years and a few at three years and 7) the menu for the breakfast, lunch and supper of the baby was made considering the nutritional aspect of the baby.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Outcome of root canal treatment using Thermafil and cold lateral condensation filling techniques.

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) using either Thermafil (TF) or lateral condensation (LC) as filling technique, and to compare the time required for the treatment when either filling technique was used. METHODOLOGY: This study involved all patients attending the dental clinic of a university in Hong Kong who required primary, nonsurgical RCT. It was a prospective clinical trial involving 85 teeth in 79 patients aged 15-69 years (mean 48 +/- 12 years), which required root treatment and finally filling with either TF or LC by one of four dentists following a standard treatment protocol. The time used for the entire course of treatment was recorded. The treated teeth were examined both clinically and radiographically 3 years after the treatment by a single examiner who did not know their group assignment. RESULTS: A total of 85 teeth from 79 patients were included in this study and 71 teeth from 64 patients were examined after 3 years. Thirty-four teeth were root filled with LC and 37 with TF. The overall attrition rate was 16% (14/85). There were 22 incisors and canines, 21 premolars and 28 molars for evaluation. Post-treatment disease with clinical symptoms and/or radiographic radiolucency was observed in seven teeth (21%) of the LC group and in seven teeth (19%) in the TF group. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) for the presence of disease between the two groups. It was found that irrespective of the filling method used, teeth later restored with extracoronal restorations had a lower association with disease than those receiving intracoronal restorations (7% vs. 30%; P = 0.037). RCT took, on average, 20 min less when TF was used for filling compared with LC (98 min vs. 78 min, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Using TF or LC in the filling of root canals did not result in significant difference in the clinical treatment outcome. TF consumed significantly less time than LC. The type of postendodontic restoration had a significant association with the presence of post-treatment disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Masticatory muscle function and craniofacial morphology. An experimental study in the growing rat fed a soft diet.

The present series of investigations was performed in order to study the relationship between masticatory function and craniofacial morphology, and to elucidate the mechanism underlying possible functional changes in the craniofacial growth in rats fed a soft diet. The experimental model chosen was comprised of young rats with altered masticatory function, induced by changing the consistency of the diet. Possible influences on the craniofacial growth were studied longitudinally by x-ray cephalometry, and the bone graft reaction in the facial skeletal regions of rats was assessed in sutures and cortical bone by vital stain, micro-radiography and routine histology. The attrition and eruption rate of the rat incisors were measured "clinically", and the effect of an increased attrition was tested cephalometrically, to see whether it influences the craniofacial growth. In order to evaluate the forces developed by the masticatory muscles the active tetanic tension was measured after electrical stimulation. The muscle fibre composition and the fibre size of the masseter and digastric muscles were examined after enzyme histochemical analysis. The craniofacial morphology and the growth pattern of the rats fed a soft diet were found to be changed to a more orthocranial one, while a decreased bone apposition was found in the angle of the mandible and the upper viscerocranium, with an alteration in the cranial sutures. The morphological changes observed were independent of the attrition and eruption rate of the rat incisors but seem to be related to the low masticatory forces developed by the rats fed a soft diet. The alteration in the "biting" force level was possibly due to the masticatory muscles changes in the muscle fibre types and the smaller size of the fibres, caused by the decreased functional demand on the rats fed a soft diet. Thus, it seems that the alteration in the masticatory function caused structural changes in the masticatory muscles, as well as changes in their contractive capacity. These may be considered as the results of prolonged centrally decided functional alteration brought about by changing the consistency of the diet. The reduced functional forces and the changes in the masticatory muscle contraction caused a low functional strain on the bone and less tension on the periosteal membrane. This tension in the periosteal membrane has also been shown to regulate the displacement of bones in the craniofacial region. The change in the masticatory function may have induced changes in the interosseous movements, which can be underlying reason for the obliterative osteogenesis in the internasal suture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗