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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Food protective effect of acaricidal components isolated from anise seeds against the stored food mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank).

The acaricidal activity of anise seed-isolated anisaldehyde and commercially available components of anise seed was examined against Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults and compared with those of synthetic acaricides, benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate, and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). On the basis of LD50 (50% lethal dose) values, the compound most toxic to T. putrescentiae adults was anisaldehyde (LD50, 0.96 microg/cm2), followed by benzyl benzoate (LD50, 11.3 microg/cm2), anethole (LD50, 12.3 microg/cm2), dibutyl phthalate (LD50, 13.3 microg/cm2), DEET (LD50, 13.5 microg/cm2), estragole (LD50, 17.4 microg/cm2), and myrcene (LD50, 56.2 microg/cm2). Anisaldehyde was about 11.8 and 14 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate and DEET against T. putrescentiae adults, respectively. The results suggested that anisaldehyde, anethole, estragole, and myrcene derived from anise seeds are useful as a lead compound to development new agents for selective control of the stored food mite.

Allylbenzene Derivatives↗
PubMed1989

Long-acting oxytetracycline prophylaxis to protect susceptible cattle introduced into an area of Kenya with endemic East Coast fever.

Two field trials were carried out in successive years at the Ngong Veterinary Farm, Kenya, in which young cattle, previously unexposed to tick-borne diseases, were introduced into an area with endemic East Coast fever while protected by a series of injections of a long-acting oxytetracycline. In 1984, 12 animals which received injections of 20 mg/kg of the drug on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after introduction, together with 12 untreated controls, were exposed without tick control until clinical disease occurred. All 12 control animals contracted East Coast fever by day 24 and 10 of them died. Five of the 12 injected animals had detectable parasites, and one of them required antitheilerial treatment. In 1985, four groups of 10 calves were introduced. One group received injections of 20 mg/kg of oxytetracycline on days 7 and 14, one group received injections on days 7, 14 and 21, and a third group received injections on days 7, 12 and 17; the fourth group (controls) had no treatment until clinical disease occurred. By day 35 all the control animals had contracted the disease and one had died despite antitheilerial treatment. Three injections of oxytetracycline suppressed the disease so that mild reactions occurred in only four animals in each group, but two injections failed to prevent severe reactions in two animals and mild reactions in four others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of permethrin impregnated plastic strips on Dermanyssus gallinae in loose-housing systems for laying hens.

The effect of permethrin impregnated plastic strips (Die No Mite Strips) was evaluated on Dermanyssus gallinae populations in aviary systems for layers in Sweden. Two application strategies of the strips were tested: (A) attached in the housing system, allowing the birds to rub against the strips and thereby get the acaricide released onto their plumage, and (B) attached out of reach of the hens, at two different sites (perches and egg-belt lids) of the inner surfaces of the system, where the mites sheltered during the day. On two farms with 2030 (A) and 3384 (B) hens, and existing mite populations, strips were mounted for 20 and 10 weeks, respectively, and mite numbers were monitored by traps. With application A an overall mite reduction of 53% was observed, while with B the mean mite numbers decreased by 39% at the perches and 92% at the egg-belt lid. The strips were originally designed for caged hens afflicted by ectoparasites that stay on the host for most of their life cycle. However, since D. gallinae spends most of its time off the host, it was not possible to control the parasite with application A. Resistance tests performed on mites from both treated and control compartments where application A was used showed no indication of resistance to permethrin, while 95% of the mites survived a 48 h exposure to the compound where application B was performed. Thus, permethrin resistant mites appeared to be the main reason for the failure to control D. gallinae with application B.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

[Prevention of asthma caused by dust mites].

The house-dust mites are responsible for the majority of allergic asthma. It is currently possible to measure the exposure to their allergens, and this allows for a better guide as to the indications for eviction measures; there is also a more objective appreciation of the efficacy of these measures. A decrease in the relative humidity of the interior of the house effectively hinders the proliferation of the mites. Vacuuming the room, notably the mattress, is not sufficient in the majority of cases to reduce the level of allergenicity of the mites to a tolerable level for the asthmatic patient. Thus, it is necessary to renew the bedding, or to hermetically seal the mattress in a plastic cover. Washing the bedding at a temperature above 55 degrees C will kill the mites. Amongst the chemicals available in the struggle to reduce the mite population, the acaricides lead to an elimination of 65-100% of the mites in a mite culture. Tannic acid, which is a protein de-naturing agent, can reduce the allergenicity of the house-dust. Certain control studies related to the effect of the acaricides demonstrate an improvement in objective and subjective parameters of both asthma and rhinitis due to mites. However, the efficacy of these acaricides, as well as measures to clean up the environment within the house, merit more precise evaluation on the symptomatology, the changes of expiratory flow rates, and finally of broncho-reactivity in patients. It is probable that several preventative measures need to be associated if one wishes to improve the efficacy of the struggle to control the house-dust mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A survey for resistance in cattle ticks to acaricides.

A survey was made from late 1976 to late 1977 to determine the extent of resistance to acaricides in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Queensland. Questionnaires and requests for samples of ticks were forwarded to more than 900 randomly selected stock owners in the tick infested area which had been divided into 4 regions. Far North, Coastal North, Coastal Cental and South East. The response measured by the number of tick samples tested was 43%. The prevalence of resistance to organophosphorus (OP) compounds was highest in South East where 96% of the farms had OP-resistant ticks and 95% had the Biarra strain and lowest in Far North where 12% of the farms had OP-resistant ticks and 10% had the Biarra strain which was the predominant one in all regions. The highest percentages of the Ridgelands strain (35%) and the Tully strain (30%) occurred in Coastal North. The South East had the highest percentage of Mt Alford (30%). Although chlorinated hydrocarbons were banned for use in control of ticks in 1962, 49% of the farms in South East had some ticks resistant to dieldrin but in Far North it was only 2%. DDT-resistant ticks, which because of cross resistance to synthetic pyrethroids will affect the future use of this group, were present on 8% of the farms in both Coastal North and Coastal Central and 3% in South East and Far North. No resistance to the amidines, chlordimeform, chloromethiuron or amitraz was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Environmental control for allergic diseases--avoiding and killing effect on housedust-mite by eastern red cedar].

Housedust-mite has been a trigger factor for allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and eczema. Therefore, it is important to remove housedust-mite from the environment of an allergic patient. Eastern red cedar is one kind of cypress tree which grows naturally in Northern America. It is used for the material of pencils, and the essence of soap. Its oil is used for oily substance for microscope lens. Using original system, we examined eastern red cedar and its oil, and found that it is effective for killing and preventing housedust-mites. The result was very effective. In conclusion the eastern red cedar and its oil seems to be useful for controlling mites in the home environment of allergic patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinico-biochemical use of serum acetylcholine esterase following treatment with synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, in cattle and buffalo experimentally infested with Boophilus microplus.

Following treatment, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, were found to have inhibitory effect on serum acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity of cattle and buffalo experimentally infested with B. microplus. The pattern of AchE activity in infested-pyrethroid-treated group was found to be significantly different from either healthy or tick-infested control. There was transient increase in the enzyme activity initially, followed by gradual decline and subsequent increase leading to normal level within 7 days of pyrethroid treatment. The enzyme activity was found to be low in buffalo than in cattle and the values remained below normal level up to day 7 in tick-infested group. The reversion of AchE activity to normal level in pyrethroid-treated group indicated that these compounds are prompt and safe ixodicides with least residual effect. The present investigation concludes that estimation of serum AchE might help in the clinico-biochemical diagnosis of tick toxin and pyrethroid toxicity in cattle and buffalo treated with these pyrethroids against tick infestation.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Chemical control of Ornithonyssus sylviarum on caged layer hens.

Manual application of aqueous solutions of malathion, carbaryl and permethrin controlled northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum Canestrini and Fanzago, on caged layer hens for at least 118 days. Azamethiphos sprayed manually provided acceptable control for a shorter period. Machine application, particularly of azamethiphos, but also malathion, provided lesser control. The addition of surfactant increased the wetting ability of the sprays but interfered with the efficacy of azamethiphos.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Formic acid in the control of varroatosis: a practical approach.

To evaluate the applicability of formic acid in the control of varroatosis, a trial on 55 hives was carried out during the second half of August. Into the moving base of the hive were inserted 60% formic-acid-soaked pads. The treatment was administered according to two different schedules: weekly treatment for 4 weeks, and treatment every 3 days for 2.5-3 weeks. With the first schedule, efficacy equal to 94.3% and 89.6% in 22 and 15 hives, respectively, was obtained; in eight hives treated using the second schedule, efficacy of 98.8% was obtained. As controls, 10 hives treated with Apistan were used. No adverse effects on bees were observed in the hives treated with formic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Transfer of resistance against Ixodes ticks to vertebrates with the sera and lymphocytes of immune animals].

Hyperimmune serum with the high content of antibodies to the saliva of noninfected ticks when injected into vertebrates, induced the development of resistance preventing the ticks from sticking to the skin and satiation, thus reducing the number of blood-sucking ticks reaching satiation and decreasing the weight of satiated ticks; as a result, the productivity of female ticks decreased the the number of ticks sharply dropped. When ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus parasitized on the animals immune against the saliva antigens of noninfected ticks, the virus titers in the blood of these animals were lower than in the controls, and no infection of ticks, formerly free of the virus, occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of acaricides for control of the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum) on leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis).

Nine acaricides (amitraz, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, fipronil, lindane, permethrin, phenothrin, and pyrethrins) were studied for their efficacy in killing the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum). Only four of the acaricides (chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, lindane, and permethrin) produced 100% mortality within 24 hr of application, and only two (cyfluthrin and permethrin) continued to cause 100% mortality when diluted to as low as 1:10,000. Five of the acaricides (amitraz, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, and permethrin) were studied for toxicity to the leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis), the most common host of A. marmoreum. The results indicate that cyfluthrin and permethrin, which were herein found to be the two most effective acaricides for control of A. marmoreum, are also the safest acaricides for use on leopard tortoises.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Short-term effect of solidified benzyl benzoate on mite-allergen concentrations in house dust.

The effect of solidified benzyl benzoate (bb) foam and powder on concentrations of the major allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p I) and D. farinae (Der f I) in dust samples from mattresses and carpets in 22 households was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. All houses had been demonstrated to have significant (greater than or equal to 2000 ng/gm of dust) mite-allergen concentrations on mattresses. Dust samples were collected from mattresses and carpets before treatment and on days 10, 30, and 60 after the first treatment. There was a second application on day 10. Der p I and Der f I were determined by a sandwich-type ELISA with monoclonal noncross-reacting antibodies to Der p I and polyclonal monospecific antibodies to Der f I. There was a significant reduction of mite allergens in mattresses and carpets within both bb-treated and control groups, but only the results on carpets of the bb-treated group were significantly different from results of the control group on days 30 and 60 (p less than 0.05).

Allergens↗
PubMed1998

The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778): current situation and future prospects for control.

The current importance of Dermanyssus gallinae, mainly in egg layer, in Europe is pointed out. The limits of conventional control methods are underlined (development of mite resistance--future insecticide legislation and animal welfare legislation). Alternative control methods such as feeding deterrents or biological control, are reviewed in the context of poultry pest management.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2005

Acaricidal activity of active constituent isolated in Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against Dermatophagoides spp.

Acaricidal activities of materials derived from Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were examined using the dry film method and compared with that of commercial benzyl benzoate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). The active constituent of the C. obtusa leaves was identified as beta-thujaplicin (C10H12(O2)) by spectroscopic analyses. Responses varied with dose. On the basis of a 24 h LC50 value, acaricidal activity against D. farinaewas more pronounced with beta-thujaplicin (72.2 mg/m2) than benzyl benzoate (89.9 mg/m2) and DEET (377 mg/m2). Acaricidal activity against D. pteronyssinus was more pronounced in beta-thujaplicin (62.1 mg/m2) than benzyl benzoate (72.4 mg/m2) and DEET (193 mg/m2). These results indicate that acaricidal activity of C. obtusa leaves likely results from by beta-thujaplicin. Beta-thujaplicin merits further study as potential house dust mite control agents or lead compounds.

Benzoates↗
PubMed1998

Field efficacy of injectable doramectin against Chorioptes bovis in naturally infected cattle.

A single subcutaneous injection of doramectin at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg bodyweight was effective in controlling an infection of Chorioptes bovis mites in naturally infected cattle. From 14 days after treatment, the geometric mean number of live mites was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the doramectin-treated cattle than in the control group at each sampling until day 35. The percentage efficacy (treated versus controls) of doramectin against C bovis at day 35 was 99.9 per cent and the percentage reduction (day 35 versus day 0) in the treated animals was 99.3 per cent. At day 35, all seven controls were still positive for C bovis whereas five of the eight doramectin-treated animals were free of live mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of house dust mite avoidance measures on adult atopic asthma.

Twenty one adult patients with asthma, with positive skin test responses to the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, were randomly allocated to a control group or to a group applying house dust mite avoidance measures. These included an initial application of liquid nitrogen to mattresses and bedroom carpets to kill the live house dust mite population. Histamine airway responsiveness, symptom scores, peak expiratory flow rates (PEF), and house dust mite numbers were determined during the two week pretrial and eight week trial periods. Nine patients in each group completed the study. By the end of the study there was a significant reduction in live mites in the "avoidance" group but not in the control group. The avoidance group showed a significant improvement in symptom scores measured on a linear analogue scale, in the number of hours each day spent wheezing (mean reduced from 8.6 to 4.5 hours), and in PEF (l/min) both in the morning (from 364 to 388) and in the evening (from 368 to 392). These changes were not found in the control group. The provocative concentration (PC) of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20FEV1) had increased significantly in the avoidance group at eight weeks (from 0.58 to 2.3 mg/ml), whereas no change was seen in the control group (from 0.93 to 1.21 mg/ml). These results show that house dust mite avoidance, combined with initial killing of the mite by liquid nitrogen, diminishes airway responsiveness and improves asthma symptom control over an eight week period in adult asthmatic patients with house dust mite allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pathogenicity of 17 isolates of entomophagous nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for the ticks Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and Boophilus annulatus (Say).

Entomopathogenous nematodes are well known biocontrol agents of insects. They live in the superficial layer of the soil, a location where ticks accomplish their molt and where they oviposit their eggs, making them, theoretically, the preys of infective larvae of nematodes. Seventeen strains of entomopathogenous nematodes: eight strains of Steinernema and nine strains of Heterorhabditis were placed in contact with each of the free living stages of three tick species: Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus microplus and B. annulatus. The first two species were resistant to all the nematode strains that were tested, whereas B. annulatus was susceptible to all of them. Ovipositing females were more susceptible than females during the preoviposition period. There were no anatomical differences between the two species of Boophilus which can account for such differences in their susceptibility. The use of nematodes to control some species of ticks should be considered.

Animals↗