Thyroid nodules and cancer.
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
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Results for “THYROGLOSSAL CYST”
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Pathologic quiz case: pediatric patient with cystic lesion of neck.
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Adolescent↗
Ultrasound evaluation of neck masses in children.
Neck masses in children are a frequent occurrence and in some instances create a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. The authors' two-year experience using ultrasonography in the evaluation of 34 children with neck masses is reviewed. Twenty-two patients had lesions arising outside the thyroid gland; 12 lesions arose from the thyroid gland. Ultrasonography proved to be an accurate imaging modality for localizing the mass and demonstrating its relationship to the thyroid gland, trachea, and major neck vessels. The borders and extent of the lesions were well outlined, as well as their internal consistency. Based on this review, the authors recommend that ultrasonography be the first screening procedure in pediatric patients who present with perplexing neck masses.
Adenoma↗
Follicular carcinoma in ectopic thyroid gland. A case report.
Ectopic thyroid rest can be seen anywhere along the path of descent of the gland. The most ectopic thyroid tissue is a thyroglossal duct cyst associated with normal thyroid gland. Sublingual location is less common than a lingual ectopia. True malignant transformation in ectopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare. Such a malignancy is virtually always diagnosed only after surgical excision of the lesion at pathological examination. This report discusses a case of ectopic thyroid follicular carcinoma in the right submandibular region in the absence of orthotopic thyroid, discovered by chance after the surgical excision performed for a preoperative ultrasonically and cytologically misdiagnosed submandibular gland adenocystic carcinoma. The possible aetiology of such an unusual anatomical relationship is discussed as well as the importance of thyroid scanning, ultrasound and/or CT in neck lumps.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
[Cancer from the remnants of the thyrolingual duct].
Brief literature data on the incidence and difficulties of diagnosis of cancer arising in remnants of the thyroglossal duct are reported. Three personal authors' observations are described. The correct diagnosis was not established prior to surgery. Tumor removal with resection of the sublingual bone is recommended as the most rational method of treatment.
Adult↗
Photo quiz. A midline neck nodule.
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Adult↗
Management of congenital anomalies of the neck.
This article, although not exhaustive, highlights the most common congenital anomalies of the neck. The diagnostic possibilities for a neck mass are extensive, and congenital malformations account for a minority of neck masses. The misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of a neck mass may have serious consequences for the patient. Therefore, a standardized and complete approach to the evaluation of neck masses is required. As stressed in this article, a thorough history and physical examination form the cornerstones of such an evaluation. The fact that congenital lesions of the neck have varied manifestations and may present at any age should always be considered.
Adult↗
[Salivary gland drainage into the thyroglossal duct].
BACKGROUND: Failure in regression of the thyroglossal duct is one of the most common reasons for midline swellings in the neck. Several authors have described recurrent thyroglossal duct remnants with persisting draining sinuses. However, few have described accessory salivary glands that drain into the thyroglossal duct. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this article we report two such cases with midline salivary glands in the floor of the mouth. RESULTS: These two patients were subsequently successfully treated with radical tissue resection in the area between the hyoid bone and foramen cecum. INTERPRETATION: Preoperative fistulography or sinography was useful to demonstrate the ductal ramification of the salivary glands, and use of methylene blue during surgery proved of significant value for the result.
Adolescent↗
Case report: follicular adenoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant arising entirely within the hyoid bone.
INTRODUCTION: We describe here the first reported case of a follicular adenoma arising from a thyroglossal duct remnant within the hyoid bone in Singapore. CLINICAL PICTURE: A 32-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic lump in the anterior midline of her neck of three months' duration. CT scan showed an expansile lesion localised to the medulla of the body of the hyoid. TREATMENT: A well-defined intrahyoidal mass was found at surgery. Histology revealed a follicular adenoma arising from maldescended thyroid tissue within the hyoid bone. OUTCOME: Recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider thyroglossal duct carcinomas as a differential diagnosis when evaluating anterior neck lumps.
Adenoma↗
The adult neck mass.
Family physicians frequently encounter neck masses in adult patients. A careful medical history should be obtained, and a thorough physical examination should be performed. The patient's age and the location, size, and duration of the mass are important pieces of information. Inflammatory and infectious causes of neck masses, such as cervical adenitis and cat-scratch disease, are common in young adults. Congenital masses, such as branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts, must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Neoplasms (benign and malignant) are more likely to be present in older adults. Fine-needle aspiration and biopsy and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning are the best techniques for evaluating these masses. An otolaryngology consultation for endoscopy and possible excisional biopsy should be obtained when a neck mass persists beyond four to six weeks after a single course of a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Adult↗
Thyroglossal duct remnants.
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Adolescent↗
Dual thyroid ectopia.
Ectopic thyroid gland is a rare embryological fault of thyroid development. Dual ectopic thyroid is even more rare and only 8 cases have been reported in the literature. The author presents a case of dual ectopic thyroid in a 16-year-old boy with an anterior neck mass, which is gradually growing in size particularly in the last 2 years. The initial diagnosis was thyroglossal duct cyst. Thyroid function test revealed elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. Ultrasound of the neck did not show thyroid gland in its normal pretracheal position. Thyroid scan (Technetium 99) revealed the diagnosis of dual thyroid ectopia (lingual and subhyoid).
Adolescent↗
Diagnosis of aneurysm of superior thyroid artery by CT and MR imaging.
A 51-year-old man presented with a nonpulsatile anterior neck mass which suggested a thyroglossal duct cyst. At CT a small cystic mass was revealed. The mass contained a well-defined, crescent-shaped, low-density area with homogeneous contrast enhancement. On MR T2-weighted spin-echo and gradient-echo images the mass was as hyperintense as the neck vessels. Angiography and operation confirmed an aneurysm of the left superior thyroid artery with a mural thrombus.
Aneurysm↗
Misdiagnosed ectopic thyroid carcinoma: report of two cases.
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Adolescent↗
Clinics in diagnostic imaging (101): Multinodular accessory thyroid tissue.
A 71-year-old woman with a strong family history of thyroid cancer presented with 3 months of constipation. A carcinoid tumour of the rectum was found at colonoscopy. On physical examination, she had a large goitre and there was a 3-4 cm firm submental mass. The differential diagnosis was accessory thyroid tissue or a carcinoma metastasis. Staging computed tomography was performed to include the neck, followed by ultrasonography and aspiration biopsy of the submental mass, which confirmed the diagnosis of multinodular accessory thyroid tissue. Differences in aetiology and pathophysiology of accessory thyroid tissue and ectopic thyroid glands are discussed.
Aged↗
[Imaging of diseases of the thyroid gland in Austria].
Imaging techniques for first line investigation of diseases of the thyroid gland are sonography (US) and scintigraphy, followed in dedicated cases by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Malignant lesions are generally hypoechoic on US with calcifications visible in some cases. The appearance of lymph node metastases is similar to that of the primary tumour. The various forms of goiter are the most commonly occurring forms of thyroid diseases in Austria, they appear heterogenous with hyperechoic as well as hypoechoic or anechoic nodes, in some cases with calcification. US findings of thyreoiditis are in acute forms of the disease more hypoechoic with diffuse swelling and hyperechoic with scar formations in chronic forms. Ectopic thyroid tissue occurs often in the form of thyroglossal duct cysts which are anechoic or hypoechoic.
Austria↗