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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Degranulation of ocular mast cells in rats undergoing systemic anaphylaxis.

The percentage of degranulated ocular mast cells in five egg albumin--immunized, systemically challenged rats was compared with that in five egg albumin--immunized, saline-challenged controls. For the lid and orbit, at least 100 mast cells per rat were evaluated. For the conjunctiva, tarsus, limbus, and episclera-sclera, at least 20 were evaluated. For the ciliary body and choroid, all mast cells in 15 sections separated by at least 15 micrometer were examined. The morphology of degranulated and intact mast cells was the same in the experimental and control animals, except for the change in granules. There were significantly more degranulated mast cells in most of the ocular tissues of rats undergoing systemic anaphylaxis than in tissues of controls rats; the increase in degranulated cells was especially striking in the choroid. We concluded that degranulation of mast cells is a measure of anaphylaxis, provided that the number of degranulated mast cells, and not simply the presence of such cells, is considered and compared with appropriate controls.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1980

Thermography in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the horse.

To evaluate the use of thermography in equine medicine, a three-phase study was conducted. In the first phase, six horses were examined thermographically, before and after exercise, to determine a normal thermal pattern. In the second phase, nine horses with acute and chronic inflammatory processes were examined thermographically. In the third phase, thermography was used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs on chemically induced inflammatory reactions. All normal horses tested had similar infrared emission patterns. There was a high degree of symmetry between right and left and between front (dorsal) to rear (palmar, plantar) in the legs distal to the carpus and the tarsus. The warmer areas of the thermogram tended to follow major vascular structures. The coronary band was the warmest area of the leg. Heat increase due to exercise did not substantially alter the normal thermographic pattern. Use of thermography in clinical cases successfully detected a subluxation of the third lumbar vertebra, a subsolar abscess, alveolar periostitis and abscess, laminitis, serous arthritis of the femoropatellar joint, and tendonitis. Thermography was effective in quantitative and qualitative evaluation of anti-inflammatory compounds in the treatment of chemically induced inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Determination of a temperature-sensitive period of the new mutation lawc(P1) in Drosophila melanogaster].

Determination of the period of temperature sensitivity in the temperature-sensitive allele of the regulatory lawc(P1) mutation was performed. Homeotic transformation of arista into tarsus, frequency of leg deformation, and bristle superexpression were examined. The sensitive periods were detected using reciprocal changes of cultivation temperature from 28 to 17 degrees C and from 17 to 28 degrees C. The temperature-sensitive period (TSP) for arista transformation was shown to manifest polyphasic expression and sexual dimorphism. In females, it occurred in late third instar larvae (the first phase) and prepupae (the second stage); in males, it includes the whole period from the late third instar larva upto and including prepupa. TSP for the frequency of deformed legs was polyphasic and took place during the third larval instar (the first phase) and prepupa stage (the second one). TSP for bristle superexpression occurred during a single interval from the late third larval instar until the early prepupa stage. The products of the lawc gene are assumed to play a role both in the cell proliferation in the legs of antennal and imaginal discs and in the control of bristle expression at the final stages of Drosophila ontogeny.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Reconstruction of the lower eyelid after excision of major tumours.

The authors report on a pretentious surgical procedure which is essential after excision of major tumours of the lower eyelid. They describe in detail the reconstruction of the lower lid in case of a 70% loss of the lid. They used Mustard's method during which the tarsoconjunctival defect was replaced by a mucochondral implant from the nasal septum. After suture of the implant the residual skin defect was covered by rotation of a cheek flap. A two-stage reconstruction of the lower lid was used in case of 95% excision of the width of the lid. In the first stage the authors transferred a tarsoconjunctival flap from the upper lid and covered the musculocutaneous part by a transplant of retroauricular skin. In the second stage they released the tarsoconjunctival flap with subsequent plastic surgery of the lower lid. In 100% loss of eyelid the authors used for replacement of the tarsus of the lower lid a mucochondral implant from the nasal septum and to cover the skin defect they used a bridge-shaped myocutaneous flap from the upper lid in the defect of the-lower lid.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phototherapeutic keratectomy in the treatment of corneal scarring from trachoma.

Trachoma is still one of the world's major blinding diseases. Characteristically, trachoma causes deep scarring of the conjunctiva and tarsus that can result in tear deficiency, trichiasis, and entropion. Another common finding is a diffused corneal opacity that is the end stage of peripheral and central corneal infiltrates. The conventional treatment of the corneal opacities is keratoplasty, which has a guarded prognosis because of severe dryness and trichiasis. We report on our experience in treating patients with corneal trachoma with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with the excimer laser.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of dogs with wounds of the limbs caused by shearing forces: 98 cases (1975-1993).

Medical records of 98 dogs with wounds of the limbs caused by shearing forces (shearing wounds) were reviewed. Shearing wounds were reported most often in young dogs of many breeds, and most often resulted from trauma received during an encounter with an automobile. Wounds were located mainly on the distal portion of the limbs, with the most common site being the medial aspect of the tarsus and metatarsus. All injuries resulted in exposure of subcutaneous soft tissues, about three fourths of all injuries resulted in bone or joint exposure, and slightly more than half of the dogs had joint instability. All wounds were lavaged and debrided. Wounds were sutured, using primary closure techniques or methods that allowed the wound to remain partially or totally open to heal by second intention. Bandages were applied in all dogs. Most bandages were reinforced with a splint device. Grafting procedures or internal fixation devices were not used in initial treatment of the injuries. In the study reported here, healing time ranged from 2.0 to 8.7 weeks, depending on the size and depth of the wound and type of closure used. Mean number of anesthetic and surgical procedures was 1.7 per dog, and the mean number of rechecks after discharge from the hospital was 5.5 per dog. Outcome was considered excellent or good in 89 of 98 (91%) dogs; these dogs were clinically normal or had only minor functional abnormalities after their injuries healed. Outcome was poor in 9 of 60 (15%) dogs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

[Eyelid repair using the Hübner technique].

Many methods have been proposed for the reconstruction of full thickness defects of the eyelid are numerous, but all are imperfect. The texture, colour, and functional role of the eyelid require the use of a ciliated composite transplant. Among the various techniques described, Hübner's transplants, free transfers of a segment composed of connective tissue of the tarsus and the ciliary margin of the contralateral eyelid, covered by a palpebral flap, can be used to reconstruct a hemi-eyelid, or even two-thirds of the eyelid with good aesthetic and functional results.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Variations in the quality of uncalcified fibrocartilage at the insertions of the extrinsic calf muscles in the foot.

It has been suggested that fibrocartilage at entheses (tendon-bone junctions) prevents collagen fibres bending at the hard tissue interface. We have investigated this function by exploring the relationship between the presence or amount of fibrocartilage at the attachments of the major extrinsic muscles in the foot, and the extent to which these tendons bend near their entheses during movement. The tendons were taken from each of 5 formalin-fixed dissecting room cadavers and prepared for routine histology, and sections were collected systematically throughout the blocks. Tendons that attached to the tarsus and metatarsus had fibrocartilaginous entheses, but those attached to the phalanges had fibrous entheses. In all tarsal and metatarsal tendons, the fibrocartilage was significantly thicker (P < 0.05) in the deepest part of the enthesis. Here the greatest amount of fibrocartilage was in the Achilles tendon (mean thickness +/- S.E.M.: 1560 +/- 161 microns). There were moderate amounts at the medial cuneiform attachment of tibialis anterior (533 +/- 82 microns), peroneus brevis (472 +/- 64 microns) and tibialis posterior (454 +/- 26 microns), small quantities at the first metatarsal attachment of tibialis anterior (104 +/- 14 microns) and peroneus longus (21 +/- 8 microns), but only traces at the attachments of the flexor and extensor tendons of the phalanges. The differences can be related to variations in the freedom of movement of the tendons near their attachments. This depends on the extent to which the tendons are bound by retinacula and the range of movement of the joint nearest the enthesis. The results suggest that more 'mobile' tendons have more fibrocartilage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The diabetic foot].

Foot disease in patients with diabetes mellitus is multifactorial and results from a combination of peripheral neuropathy, vascular compromise and superimposed infection. Foot complications in diabetic patients are common and account for more hospital days than any other aspects of their disease. Therefore, familiarity with the spectrum of findings in the different imaging modalities appears essential. Radiographically, significant changes include Charcot joints of the tarsus (destructive type) and bone absorption of the forefoot (mutilating type). In diabetic foot problems, magnetic resonance imaging and leukocyte scintigraphy appear to be the most effective tools for detection of osteomyelitis, and a negative study makes osteomyelitis unlikely. However, the findings of both techniques in active, noninfected neuropathic osteoarthropathy may be indistinguishable from those of osteomyelitis.

Arthropathy, Neurogenic↗
PubMed1994

[Anatomy of the eyebrow and upper eyelid region and its significance in ptosis surgery].

The article reports the results of the anatomic observations from dissecting 30 upper eyelids and 8 eyebrows of adult cadavers. In the eyebrow region, the anterior and posterior sheaths of the galea enclose the muscle plane where the frontalis, orbicularis and corrugator muscles are interdigitated. The posterior sheath attaches to supraorbital ridge through the brow fat pad. It was found that a few fibers of the frontalis muscle insert to the skin of the brow. In the upper eyelid, the orbital septum fuses with the aponeurosis at or just below the upper margin of the tarsus. The levator aponeurosis, Muller's muscle, particularly their attachments were carefully observed and measured. Finally, the application of the anatomy in the ptosis surgery is discussed.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1976

[Reconstruction of the upper eyelid (author's transl)].

An excellent rebuilding after complete or nearly complete loss of the upper eyelid can be performed by the following technique: Replacement of lid margin, tarsus and conjunctiva by two free grafts from the right and left lower lid, while the skin-muscle-layer is replaced by a pedicle skin graft.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Complex repairs for loss of eyelid substance (author's transl)].

The repair of large defects of the lid region may require complex reconstruction using skin, tarsus and conjunctival grafts or flaps. The authors have classified the lesions in three groups: inner canthus, lower lid and upper lid. For each group, the more applicable technics are described.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1976

[Reconstruction of the medical canthal area (author's transl)].

Defects of the medial canthal area with partial full-thickness loss of the upper and lower eye-lid can be repaired by the following technique: closure of the larger lid defect by a free transplant of tarsus and lid margin from the opposite lower lid and a sliding skin flap. The minor lid defect is closed by a pedicled tarso-conjunctival flap and a free or sliding skin graft.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Observation of the eyelid structure with opening and closing of the eye in magnetic resonance imaging].

To confirm the changes in the upper eyelid structure during normal movements such as opening and closing we observed the changes with magnetic resonance imaging and obtained the following results. (1) In the anterior lobe of the upper eyelid, the lower part moves more than the upper part. (2) The tarsus slides toward posterior and upper direction when the eye opens. (3) The orbital septum and the orbital fat move posteriorly and thicken when the eye opens. (4) When the eye opens Whitnall's ligament moves posteriorly with a little change of the acting vector direction of the levator muscle. (5) Aponeurosis of the levator muscle clearly separates from Müller's muscle when the eye opens. (6) We suspected that there is some suspending tissue of Whitnall's ligament that consists of a membranous or mesh-like structure in the orbital fat above the levator muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Ankylosing gout. Apropos of 2 cases].

Development of ankylosis of joints involved with gouty arthritis is an exceedingly rare event of which only ten examples have been reported. Most patients had chronic, tophaceous gout that had not received adequate medical attention. The authors report two new cases including one in a patient with no documented history of acute gout. The first patient was a 72 year old noninsulin-dependent diabetic male who had been given a diagnosis of gouty polyarthritis with tophi seven years earlier. The second was a 42 year old male with no history of acute gout in whom hyperuricemia had been diagnosed at the age of 22 years upon evaluation for obesity. Both patients had ankylosis of the ankles and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands. A marked decrease in range of motion of the wrists was found in the second patient. Roentgenograms showed complete ankylosis of the tarsus and partial ankylosis of the tibiotarsal joints in both patients, as well as ankylosis of the carpus in the second patient. The pathophysiology of ankylosis during gouty arthritis is poorly understood. A pannus containing abundant urate crystals is found upon pathological examination. Antihyperuricemic agents can reverse urate deposition but have no effect on ankylosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A rare case of chronic papillary conjunctivitis diagnosed after several years of evolution. Clinical and pathological findings.

A man with a 2.5 year history of chronic papillary conjunctivitis was diagnosed as having "floppy eyelid syndrome". This syndrome, first described in 1981, is characterized by loose upper eyelids that evert readily on elevation of the lid, a chronic papillary conjunctivitis and a soft rubbery tarsus. The condition is resistant to any form of medical treatment but responds well to a horizontal lid shortening procedure. The etiology is unknown but the present report suggests that an abnormality of the structure of the orbicularis muscle may play a role.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Physiology of the lower eyelid retractors: tight linkage of the anterior capsulopalpebral fascia demonstrated using dynamic ultrafine surface coil MRI.

Although the histologic anatomy of the lower eyelid retractors is well defined, the physiology of the lower retractors has been determined only by interference based on anatomic and clinical findings. In this study, in five normal subjects we investigated the physiology of the lower eyelid retractors utilizing dynamic high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a custom designed surface coil. Measurements of the excursion of the cornea, lower eyelid margin, and anterior edge of the inferior oblique muscle were made from scans taken in upgaze and downgaze. We found that the corneal movement was substantially greater than the movement of the eyelid margin, a finding that can readily be made clinically. A more important result was that the movement of the eyelid margin and the movement of the inferior oblique margin were similar in all cases. Thus, the length of the anterior capsulopalpebral fascia between the tarsus and inferior oblique muscle remains constant in downgaze, and the source of the stretch in the lower eyelid retractors lies in the posterior capsulopalpebral system, at the capsulopalpebral head. High resolution eyelid MR has great potential to allow investigation of essential aspects of normal and pathologic eyelid anatomy and physiology.

Adult↗