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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Risk of pregnancy and dropping out of school among special education adolescents.

This study examined the temporal relationship between dropping out of school and teen-age pregnancy, and whether or not teens in special education programs are at greater risk for pregnancy and dropping out than non-special education teens. Cumulative Student Records and case files were reviewed on a random sample of 135 already pregnant girls served by the San Diego Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting (SANDAPP) program. A comparison was made of ages at time of dropping out and conception of the first live birth between special education and non-special education groups. The overall prevalence of special education teens in the program was compared with the prevalence rate of 10% in the San Diego Unified School District. Results indicated 20% of SANDAPP adolescents were in special education compared to 10% for the overall school district. Special education teens dropped out of school significantly earlier than non-special education teens. No significant evidence supported the hypothesis that teens dropped out of school first, then became pregnant. Nor was there significant evidence to suggest special education teens experience their first live birth at younger ages than their non-special education counterparts. No relationship was found between mean grade point average and age at conception. The researchers concluded that special education teens are at higher risk for pregnancy and dropping out of school than non-special education teens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Understanding ethnicity, identity formation, and risk behavior among adolescents of Mexican descent.

The population of adolescents of Mexican descent is growing rapidly in the United States. However, the health needs of this group are not being adequately addressed by the health care system. Understanding the factors contributing to risk behavior in adolescents of Mexican descent may help improve service delivery and use. This article presents a sociodemographic profile of this group as well as a description of how one's degree of ethnic identification, acculturation, and other risk factors may contribute to problem behavior. Recommendations are provided to increase culturally appropriate prevention programs for youth of Mexican descent.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1979

The effects of social reinforcement on dominant and dependent mildly intellectually handicapped school-leavers.

The aim of this study was to replicate Exline & Messick's (1967) study of eye-contact interview behaviour with college students on a group of mildly intellectually handicapped students. Twenty subjects (mean CA 14.02 years, SD 0.45 years, mean IQ 72.0, SD 7.6) attending a metropolitan school for the mildly mentally handicapped were classified as dominant or dependent by teacher ratings and sociogram analysis. They were given large or small amounts of reinforcement for eye-contact when interviewed by their teacher. Although the study failed to replicate some of Exline & Messick's findings, results indicated a feedback rather than reward model in explaining the effects of social reinforcement on eye-contact in interviews. Implications for communication training for such intellectually handicapped students is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A test of the hopelessness theory of depression in unemployed young adults.

Recent research has failed to support the prediction based on hopelessness theory that hopelessness mediates the full relationship between attributional style for negative outcomes and depression. A re-examination of hopelessness theory, however, provides the hypothesis that a measure of hopelessness containing items directly relevant to an ongoing negative life-event will mediate the full relationship between attributional style for negative outcomes and depression. Hopelessness theory was extended with a second hypothesis that attributional style for positive outcomes is involved in the aetiology of depression and that hopelessness also mediates the full relationship between attributional style for positive outcomes and depression. The third hypothesis was that a series of "background variables' (e.g. age, sex) omitted in previous research would be implicated in the generation of depression. The three hypotheses were tested and supported with data collected from a sample of young unemployed adults. A further aspect of hopelessness theory overlooked in most research is an ability to account for reductions in depression associated with the cessation of a negative life-event and occurrence of a positive life-event. The hopelessness theory and the three hypotheses were again supported with data collected from individuals who were unemployed and others who had recently undergone the transition from unemployment to employment.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1989

School leavers' changing identifications with different social categories and their "internalisation" of the category "school leaver".

A modified Social Identity Inventory is shown to be a powerful tool for exploring the "internalisation" of social categories by school leavers. It revealed two basic forms of their representation of the category "school leaver". The first is a relatively stable representation that is negative and significantly underpinned by the attribution of bad qualities. However, this is not generally seen as relevant to self. In contrast, there is a second representation which is both relatively labile and self-relevant. It, like the first representation, includes worries about boredom and the future, but it involves the attribution of favourable qualities rather than unfavourable qualities. The reliability and sensitivity of different SII scores is also examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Future lives of truants: family formation and health-related behaviour.

This paper examines early adult outcomes of truancy regarding family formation and health-related behaviour, and is based on data collected in the National Child Development Study, which surveyed all people in Great Britain born in the week 3-9 March 1958, at birth, and at ages 7, 11, 16 and 23. Truants compared to non-truants were found to be relatively more likely to have experienced marital breakdown by the age of 23. They had more children, and their age at the birth of their first child was younger. Truants differed little from non-truants regarding their drinking habits, but were more prone to being heavy smokers. They also showed an increased likelihood of depression. Differences remained after controlling for social background, prior educational attainment, school attendance and qualifications obtained. The authors conclude that truancy appears to be associated with subsequent marital and psychological problems in early adulthood.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

The educational antecedents of teen fatherhood.

In attempting to identify the determinants of teen pregnancy, researchers have focused on risk factors for young women, largely ignoring teen fathers. This study examines the educational antecedents of teen fatherhood using the 1958 National Child Development Study. Results suggest that those less than 20 years old at onset of fatherhood are much more likely than those who had not fathered a child by age 23 to have experienced academic difficulties and that such difficulties antedate teen fatherhood by as much as a decade. Variables measuring parents' lack of interest in their sons' education were strongly associated with the risk of teen fatherhood as were teachers' negative assessment of boys' academic ability, and the boys' own desire to terminate education as early as possible. Social class was modestly important in explaining differences in educational experiences for teen fathers and non-fathers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A longitudinal analysis of the effects of different patterns of employment and unemployment on school-leavers.

Large samples of young employed and unemployed respondents in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, completed questionnaires on two occasions one year apart. A wide range of variables was assessed that included measures of aspects of the self-concept, Protestant Ethic values, desired work values, stress symptoms, life satisfaction, unemployment disappointment, job need, employment value, external control and attributions for youth unemployment. There was little evidence from longitudinal analyses of change scores that a shift from employment to unemployment or the reverse transition had significant effects on psychological well-being, but unemployment attributions were affected. The shift from employment to unemployment led to less internal and more external causal attributions for youth unemployment; the reverse transition had the opposite effects. Cross-sectional comparisons of findings from the employed and unemployed samples replicated previous results that were consistent with the conclusion that many of the obtained differences were present when respondents were still at school. Variables assumed to reflect employment importance did not have moderating effects on psychological well-being when employed and unemployed groups were compared in either longitudinal or cross-sectional analyses but they were involved in significant associations with other measures. Results suggested the need for more empirical and conceptual analysis of the concepts of psychological well-being and employment importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nurses' education.

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Education, Nursing↗