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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Sodomy in medieval secular law.

In the 13th century, legislation dealing with sodomy and other moral crimes was strongly influences by the prevailing Catholic ideology. As a result, affenders were sought out by members of the lay confranternities, tried in the courts of the Inquisition, and generally punished with the death penalty.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence and secular trends of excess body weight and impact on outcomes after myocardial infarction in the community.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals among patients with myocardial infarction (MI), and to assess the association between weight and outcomes after MI. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: MIs occurring in Olmsted County, MN, between 1979 and 1998 were validated using standardized criteria. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were ascertained from community medical records. The prevalence and trends of excess weight and its association with outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of the 2,277 subjects with incident MI were overweight or obese. The prevalence of overweight/obese patients increased from 58% in the period from 1979 to 1983, to 72% in the period from 1994 to 1998 (p < 0.001), while the prevalence of class 3 obesity (body mass index >or= 40) increased from 0.6 to 4.4%. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, familial coronary disease, and hyperlipidemia than persons with normal weight but less likely to have comorbidities (obstructive lung disease, heart failure, cancer, renal failure, and stroke) [all p values < 0.05]. When compared to patients with normal weight, after adjusting for age and other confounders, overweight and obese patients had a lower mortality (risk ratio [RR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.96 for overweight; and RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.02 for obese) and a similar risk of cardiac events. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight and obese individuals among patients with MI is high and increased over time. Despite a higher prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors among patients with excess weight, these patients did not experience worse outcomes, underscoring the need to further study the paradoxical relation between weight and post-MI outcomes.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Secular trends and geographical variations in the dietary intake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using archived samples from the early 1980s and mid 1990s in Japan.

A retrospective exposure assessment among the general population for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was conducted using dietary surveys. We analyzed samples of food duplicate portions collected in the early 1980s (1980 survey: N=40) and the mid 1990s (1995 survey: N=39) from female subjects (5 participants from each of 8 sites per survey except for one site) living throughout Japan, from the north (Hokkaido) to the south (Okinawa). The study populations in the 1980 and 1995 surveys were different, but lived in the same communities. We measured four PBDE congeners [2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (tetraBDE): #47; 2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE: #99; 2,2',4,4',6-pentaBDE: #100; and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE: #153] in the diet. #99 was the most abundant congener in the diet (49% of the total PBDEs), followed by #47 (33%), #100 (12%) and #153 (6%). Regional variations found in the 1980 survey decreased in the 1995 survey. The total daily intake of PBDEs (ng/d) [GM (GSD)] in the 1980 survey [91.4 (4.1)] was not significantly different from that in the 1995 survey [93.8 (3.4)] for the total population, nor did it differ among the sites including Shimane, in which a 20-fold increase in serum concentrations was observed in the same population1). In consideration of the significant increases in the serum concentration, inhalation may be more important than food ingestion as the route of human exposure to PBDEs.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Secular trends in a population with ischemic heart disease admitted to the Instituto do Coração in São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and demographic characteristics of a population with ischemic heart disease admitted in the final decades of the 20th century. METHODS: This study retrospectively assessed patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease divided into the following 2 groups: acute group - 11.181 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted from 1/1/82 to 12/31/94; and chronic group - 4.166 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery from 1/1/84 to 12/31/94. RESULTS: In the acute group, an increase in the percentage of females (from 22.7% to 27.7%, P<0.001) and diabetic individuals (from 12.4% to 17.5%, P<0.001) was observed, as was an increase in age (from 57.4 +/- 11.5 to 59.9 +/- 12.1 years, P<0.05). In-hospital mortality was greater among females (27.8% and 15.7%, P=0.001), among diabetic individuals (24.2% and 17.8%, P=0.001), and among the elderly (60.9 +/- 15.2 and 57.7 +/- 11.8 years, P=0.0001). In the chronic group, an increase in the percentage of females (from 17.5% to 27.2%, P=0.001) was observed, as was an increase in age (from 56.3 +/- 8.6 to 60.5 +/- 9.6 years, P=0.0001). In-hospital mortality was greater among females (8.3% and 5.8%, P<0.05) and among the elderly (58.1 +/- 9.1 and 62.1 +/- 7.9 years, P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the population studied with ischemic heart disease point towards a worse prognosis, due to the greater percentages of females, older patients, and diabetic patients, groups known to have greater in-hospital mortality.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Nursing and breastfeeding: combining secular practices].

Support for breastfeeding, one of the factors contributing to mother-child wellbeing, has increased through innumerable government and non-government initiatives. Despite this, women still have difficulty finding specialised help to solve problems related to breastfeeding and lactation after discharge from hospital. We describe the Domiciliary Attendance to Mother and son, whose aim it is to give assistance and advice to mothers in their homes. This assistance consists of teaching simplified breastfeeding management techniques, based on the Symbolic Interactionism Model. All the women assisted under this program have been able to continue breastfeeding or to re-lactate successfully.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2002

Secular variations in sperm quality: fact or science fiction?

The debate concerning the possible degradation in human sperm quality began in the 1970s, was revived at the beginning of the 1990s and has continued to mobilize the scientific community ever since. After the meta-analysis by Carlsen et al. (1992) showing a decline in human semen quality over the last 50 years, several groups investigated the sperm characteristics of more or less homogeneous groups of men who had provided semen at the same center for 10 to 20 years. A significant decrease in sperm concentration was reported in some studies, but not in others. Meanwhile, there is an increasing number of reports suggesting that physical and chemical factors introduced and spread by human activity in the environment may have contributed to sperm decline. At the end of the 20th century the debate on declining semen quality is not closed. The lack of certainty and the serious consequences that such a decline would have on the fertility of human populations make this an important public health issue at the start of the 21st century. For this reason, intensive research should be developed in both fundamental and epidemiological domains, particularly in South America, where industrial and agricultural pollution pose a serious threat to the population.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1995

The secular trend in the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Miyagi, Japan: 1979-1990.

Since 1978, a stroke registry has been carried out in Miyagi Prefecture (2.2 million in population), Japan. Approximately 2,000 cases of stroke were annually registered through 16 hospitals which have cerebrovascular disease units. The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was 17.4 per 100,000 population in 1990. The incidence increased gradually during early 1980's and reached plateau during late 1980's. Further, the trend in the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is compared with those in other communities in other countries as well as Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Secular change in birthweight among southeast Asian immigrants to the United States.

We analyzed the Washington State births in 1980-1986 to Southeast Asian parents whose birth place was coded as being outside of the US. The mean birthweight increased from 3188 grams in 1980-81 to 3283 grams in 1986, an annual increment of about 18 grams (95% CI = 11, 25 grams). The prevalence of low birthweight (less than 2500 grams) decreased from 7.2 percent in 1980-81 to 5.4 percent in 1986, an annual reduction of 6.4 percent (95% CI = 1.3, 11.2 percent). In an analysis of information ascertained from the birth certificate, the change of paternal occupational status (from student to employed) was associated with 27 percent of the reduction in the prevalence of low birthweight, independent of maternal age, infant sex, and prior gravidity. A similar temporal change of birthweight during the same period of time was not observed among infants of US-born Asian mothers. Among the women who had two consecutive births from 1984 to 1986, the improvement of birthweight for the second birth compared to the first birth was much greater in infants born to the Southeast Asian mothers than that to White mothers. Our study suggests that living in the United States after immigration from their native countries has had a positive impact on the birthweight of infants born to Southeast Asian immigrants.

Adult↗