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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Nonadhesive liquid embolic agent for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: preliminary histopathological studies in swine rete mirabile.

OBJECTIVE: To assess acute and chronic histopathological changes observed in a swine arteriovenous malformation model after endovascular delivery of Embolyx E (Micro Therapeutics Inc., San Clemente, CA) and its organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To develop standard endovascular delivery techniques of Embolyx through microcatheters into swine rete mirabile (RMB). METHODS: Forty RMBs in 22 swine were used to analyze acute and chronic angiographic and histological changes after superselective delivery of Embolyx E and/or its organic solvent (DMSO). Four RMBs (two for DMSO and two for Embolyx E study) were used as control specimens. Angiographic and histological evaluations were obtained 18 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the procedure. Particular attention was paid to the presence of focal or diffuse angionecrosis, arterial revascularization, and perivascular inflammatory response. RESULTS: Staged and/or continuous delivery of Embolyx E were performed through the DMSO-compatible microcatheters without untoward catheter "gluing." All subacute/chronic specimens embolized with Embolyx E showed no evidence of angiographic recanalization. Twelve RMBs were used in acute studies, and all specimens showed no evidence of angionecrosis or aggressive inflammatory reaction. Subacute and chronic (total, n = 14) histological examinations of the RMBs showed mild inflammatory response manifested by monocellular infiltration and scattered foreign body giant cell reaction. In the 9 of 14 subacute and chronic specimens, focal disruption of elastica was observed along with embolic materials. Fourteen RMBs in eight swine were used to determine the safety range for DMSO injection. Two RMBs were used as control specimens. Rapid intra-arterial delivery (0.5 ml/5-15 s, n = 6) of DMSO caused angiographic vasospasm and histological endothelial necrosis. Slow injection (0.5 ml/30-120 s, n = 8) of DMSO showed minimum or no angiographic vasospasm, minimal adventitial inflammatory response, and no clinical complications. CONCLUSION: Embolyx E, an occlusive and nonadhesive embolic agent, is capable of producing permanent occlusion of swine RMB with the development of mild intra- and perivascular inflammatory changes and no clinical complications. The slow endovascular delivery of DMSO produces no untoward angiographic, pathological, or clinical changes. A fast injection of DMSO causes endothelial necrosis and severe inflammatory response in the arterial wall. This embolic material seems to have appropriate biochemical, anatomic, and histopathological characteristics to be used in the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations or vascular cranial base tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Extracorporeal venovenous cooling for induction of mild hypothermia in human-sized swine.

OBJECTIVE: Several cooling methods have been investigated for inducing mild hypothermia (33-36 degrees C) after cardiac arrest, brain trauma, or stroke. To achieve its best effect, therapeutic hypothermia has to be applied very early after the ischemic insult; otherwise, the beneficial effect would be diminished or even abrogated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal venovenous cooling as compared with endovascular cooling. DESIGN: Swine were cooled in a randomized crossover design from 38 degrees C to 33 degrees C brain temperature, either with extracorporeal venovenous cooling or with endovascular cooling. SETTING: Laboratory investigation. SUBJECTS: Six swine of human size (85 to 101 kg). INTERVENTIONS: Swine were randomly cooled with the first device, and after achieving the target brain temperature, re-warmed via the same technique and with heating lamps to baseline temperature. Then the other catheter was inserted and cooling was performed with the second device. MEASUREMENTS: Brain, pulmonary artery and tympanic temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded continuously. Laboratory samples, including free hemoglobin, were taken at predefined temperature points during cooling. Comparisons between and within (baseline vs. 33 degrees C) the treatment groups were performed with the paired Student's t-test. MAIN RESULTS: The time needed to reduce brain temperature from 38.0 degrees C to 33.0 degrees C was 41 +/- 17 mins with venovenous cooling and 126 +/- 37 mins with endovascular cooling (p = .001). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure decreased moderately during cooling and were significantly lower at 33 degrees C than at baseline in both groups, without differences between groups. None of the swine developed significant hemolysis, arrhythmias, or bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal venovenous cooling was an effective and safe method to rapidly induce therapeutic mild hypothermia in human-sized swine. It seems to be promising for further application and investigation in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Identification of B-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) that are common to human and swine HEVs or unique to avian HEV.

Avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) was recently discovered in chickens from the USA that had hepatitis-splenomegaly (HS) syndrome. The complete genomic sequence of avian HEV shares about 50 % nucleotide sequence identity with those of human and swine HEVs. The open reading frame 2 (ORF2) protein of avian HEV has been shown to cross-react with human and swine HEV ORF2 proteins, but the B-cell epitopes in the avian HEV ORF2 protein have not been identified. Nine synthetic peptides from the predicted four antigenic domains of the avian HEV ORF2 protein were synthesized and corresponding rabbit anti-peptide antisera were generated. Using recombinant ORF2 proteins, convalescent pig and chicken antisera, peptides and anti-peptide rabbit sera, at least one epitope at the C terminus of domain II (possibly between aa 477-492) that is unique to avian HEV, one epitope in domain I (aa 389-410) that is common to avian, human and swine HEVs, and one or more epitopes in domain IV (aa 583-600) that are shared between avian and human HEVs were identified. Despite the sequence difference in ORF2 proteins between avian and mammalian HEVs and similar ORF2 sequence between human and swine HEV ORF2 proteins, rabbit antiserum against peptide 6 (aa 389-399) recognized only human HEV ORF2 protein, suggesting complexity of the ORF2 antigenicity. The identification of these B-cell epitopes in avian HEV ORF2 protein may be useful for vaccine design and may lead to future development of immunoassays for differential diagnosis of avian, swine and human HEV infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Eugenol stimulates lactate accumulation yet inhibits volatile fatty acid production and eliminates coliform bacteria in cattle and swine waste.

AIM: To determine how eugenol affects fermentation parameters and faecal coliforms in cattle and swine waste slurries stored anaerobically. METHODS AND RESULTS: Waste slurries (faeces:urine:water, 50:35:15) were blended with and without additives and aliquoted to triplicate 1-l flasks. Faecal coliforms were eliminated in cattle and swine waste slurries within 1 or 2 days with additions of eugenol at 10.05 mm (0.15%) and 16.75 mm (0.25%). At these concentrations volatile fatty acids (VFA) were reduced ca 70 and 50% in cattle and swine waste, respectively, over 6-8 weeks. Additionally, in cattle waste, eugenol stimulated the accumulation of lactate (>180 mm) when compared with thymol treatment (20 mm lactate). In swine waste, lactate accumulation did not occur without additives; eugenol and thymol stimulated lactate accumulation to concentrations of 22 and 32 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Eugenol added to cattle waste may be more beneficial than thymol because not only does it effectively control faecal coliforms and odour (VFA production), it also stimulates lactate accumulation. This in turn, causes the pH to drop more rapidly, further inhibiting microbial activity and nutrient emissions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Plant essential oils have the potential to solve some of the environmental problems associated with consolidated animal feeding operations. Thymol and eugenol reduce fermentative activity, thus, have the potential to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and odour, and curtail transmission of pathogens in cattle and swine wastes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Morphological investigations of the glandulae profundae plicae semilunares conjuctivae in the domestic swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) and the wild hog (Sus scrofa ferus).

Samples of glandulae profundae plicae semilunares (Harderian glands) from five domestic swine and five wild hogs were used for this research. The gland samples were fixed in Bouin solution and mounted in paraffin. The paraffin slices were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, according to the periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) method, with alcian blue (pH 2.5), with toluidine blue (pH 4.0), and applying a combination of staining with alcian blue (pH 2.5) and the PAS method. In domestic swine and wild hogs, these glands are tubular-alveolar with wide glandular lumina. A great deal of acid mucopolysaccharides and PAS-positive substances were noted within swines' glandular cells, while, in wild hogs, PAS-positive substances were not frequent, acid mucopolysaccharides being noted in only a few glandular-acini cells. The appearance of the metachromatic phenomenon was not noted either in domestic swine or in wild hogs. In domestic swine, the level of acid mucopolysaccharides is probably due either to the housing method or to the influence of the alkaline substances that may appear on an eye's mucous conjunctive membrane during intensive breeding, such that the Harderian glands protect the mucous membrane by extracting acid mucopolysaccharides.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The role of oestradiol in the uterine peristalsis in the perfused swine uterus.

This study was designed to examine the effects of oestradiol (E2) on sperm transport in the swine uterus. The bicornuate swine uterus is optimal for the study of the uterine transport and peristalsis because the influence of various factors can be examined on each uterine horn independently. Forty swine uteri (with or without ovarectomy) were perfused for a period of up to 7 h. Two different E2 concentrations (3 or 30 pg/ml) in the perfusion medium were administered for 30 min unilaterally. Through an intracervical catheter 1 ml of a high concentrated dextran blue solution was administered directly in the upper part of the cervix. After bilateral perfusion of the swine uterus with a bolus of 0.3 IU oxytocin the distribution of coloured particles was assessed macroscopically before and after incision of the uterine horns. Coloration was evaluated by two observers blinded to the site-specific administration of E2. In the 10 ovarectomized uteri with the 3 pg/ml E2 concentration a unilateral distribution towards the side of oestradiol administration was observed in six uteri, in four it was a bilateral distribution. In the 10 non-ovarectomized uteri with the 3 pg/ml E2 concentration a uni- and ipsilateral coloration was observed in five uteri, in five it was a bilateral distribution. In the 20 uteri with 30 pg/ml E2, a unilateral coloration of the uterus horns was observed in all uteri. Oestradiol is one of the main factors, which influences the direction of the sperm transport in a dose-dependent manner, in the perfused swine uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Dietary magnesium effect on swine coronary atherosclerosis induced by hypervitaminosis D.

The effects of magnesium (Mg) supplement on coronary arteries of 61 swine, fed various levels of vitamin D3 (VD3), were studied by light and electron microscopy. High frequencies of smooth muscle cell degeneration were observed in groups of swine fed various levels of excess VD3. Swine fed moderately excessive level of VD3 with a basal level of Mg displayed great incidence and magnitude of intimal thickening, while swine fed the same level of VD3 with supplementary Mg sustained only mild intimal thickening. In groups of swine fed high levels of VD3, the prevention of calcification and smooth muscle cell degeneration was observed as a supplementary Mg effect. Plasma analyses indicated that supplementary Mg with excess VD3 increased cholesterol levels but decreased arterial damage. It is concluded that the dietary Mg supplement prevents coronary atherosclerosis induced by hypervitaminosis D.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The major histocompatibility complex in swine.

In swine, the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) or swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) is located on chromosome 7 and divided by the centromere. Thus, the telomeric class I and more centromeric class III regions are located on the p arm and the class II region is located on the q arm. The SLA region spans about 2 Mb, in which more than 70 genes have so far been characterized. Despite its division by the centromere, the spatial relationships between the genes in the class II and class III regions, and between the well-conserved non-class I genes of the class I region, are similar to those found in the human HLA complex. On the other hand, no orthologous relationships have been found between the Mhc class I genes in man and swine. In swine, the 12 SLA class I sequences constitute two distinct clusters. One cluster comprises six classical class I-related sequences, while the other comprises five class I-distantly related sequences including two swine homologous genes of the HLA Mhc class I chain-related gene (MIC) sequence family. The number of functional SLA classical class I genes, as defined by serology, probably varies from one to four, depending on the haplotype. Some of the SLA class I-distantly related sequences are clearly transcribed. As regards the SLA class II genes, some of them clearly code for at least one functional SLA-DR and one SLA-DQ heterodimer product, but none code for any DP product. The amino acid alignment of the variable domains of 33 SLA classical class I chains, and 62 DR beta and 20 DQ beta chains confirmed the exceptionally polymorphic pattern of these polypeptides. Among the class II genes, the genes are either monomorphic, like the DRA gene, or oligomorphic, like the DQA genes. In contrast, the DRB and DQB genes display considerable polymorphism, which seems more marked in DRB than DQB genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Inefficiency of bilateral amygdaloid lesions to reduce the transient motor reactions exhibited by swine during exposure to CO2.

The aim of the study was to evaluate from the ethical point of view the importance of transient muscular jerks commonly exhibited by swine at an early stage of pre-slaughter CO2-anaesthesia. The influence of 5 min restraint upon plasma concentrations of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) was studied in swine (n = 6) before and after bilateral lesioning of the amygdaloid region of the brain, as were the motor reactions of the same and three other animals during 1 min exposure to 80% CO2. The A and NA responses to the restraint became almost extinguished after amygdaloid lesioning in three of the animals, were reduced by about 50% in one swine, whereas no reduction was seen in the other two animals investigated. The amygdaloid lesioning did not visibly influence the latency for, and the duration and intensity of the muscular jerks manifested by the swine during the CO2-exposure. The results do not favour the possibility that transient motor reactions exhibited by swine during pre-slaughter CO2-exposure are manifestations of emotional stress. Instead, the study indirectly supports the idea that the cause of the muscular jerks may be disinhibition of subcortical motor centres being inactivated by the CO2-anaesthesia somewhat later than neocortical cells normally exerting the inhibition.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1977

Isolation and identification of fecal bacteria from adult swine.

An examination of the fecal microflora of adult swine was made with regard to the efficiency of several roll tube media in enumeration and recovery of anaerobes, the effects of medium constituents on recovery, and the isolation and identification of the predominant kinds of bacteria. Total number of organisms by microscopic bacterial counts varied among fecal samples from 4.48 X 10(10) to 7.40 X 10(10) bacteria/g (wet weight). Comparison of different nonselective roll tube media indicated that about 30% of the fecal bacteria could be recovered with a rumen fluid (40%, vol/vol) medium (M98-5). Recoveries of 21 and 15%, respectively, were obtained with M10 and rumen fluid-glucose-cellobiose agar (RGCA) media. Rumen fluid, Trypticase, sugars, and CO2 gas phase were important components required for maximum recovery with this medium. Similar high recoveries of anaerobes were also obtained with M98-5 containing swine cecal extract of place in rumen fluid or M10 plus swine cecal extract. Significantly lower recoveries were observed with RCGA, media supplemented with swine fecal extracts, reinforced clostridial medium, brain heart infusion agar, and prereduced blood agar. Ninety percent of the bacteria isolated from roll tube media were gram positive and consisted of facultatively anaerobic streptococci, Eubacterium sp., Clostridium sp., and Propionibacterium acnes. The remainder of the flora (8%) included several other species of anaerobes and Escherichia coli. Rumen fluid (or volatile fatty acids), Trypticase, and yeast extract additions to basal media stimulated the growth of anaerobic strains. Variation in the relative proportions of the predominant fecal microflora was observed. This work indicates that satisfactory enumeration, isolation and cultivation of the predominant microflora in swine feces can be obtained when strict anaerobic culture methods and a rumen fluid medium are used.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Virulence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from pork and from the throats of swine.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from retail pork and from healthy swine throats. These wild-type strains and their representative cured isogenic strains were tested for the presence of plasmids and several virulence factors, and these characteristics were compared with those of virulent strains from humans. Two pork isolates (serotype IVB) and four swine isolates (serotypes IIB, IIC, III, and IVB) harbored a 42- to 48-megadalton plasmid which had similar fragmentation patterns resulting from digestion with restriction endonuclease. These six strains were lethal for mice via oral challenge and were positive in autoagglutination and calcium dependency tests. They also invaded HeLa cells and induced cytotoxicity. Histopathological examination and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining provided definite evidence of the pathogenicity of these strains when tissue sections from orally infected mice were used. The virulence factors of wild-type pork and swine isolates with the 42- to 48-megadalton plasmid were identical to those of two human isolates (serotypes IVB and VB). Hence, these pork and swine isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic for humans. The finding suggests that retail pork and swine may play an important role in the epidemiology of human infections caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

An influenza A (H1N1) virus, closely related to swine influenza virus, responsible for a fatal case of human influenza.

In July 1991, an influenza A virus, designated A/Maryland/12/91 (A/MD), was isolated from the bronchial secretions of a 27-year-old animal caretaker. He had been admitted to the hospital with bilateral pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 13 days later. Antigenic analyses with postinfection ferret antisera and monoclonal antibodies to recent H1 swine hemagglutinins indicated that the hemagglutinin of this virus was antigenically related to, but distinguishable from, those of other influenza A (H1N1) viruses currently circulating in swine. Oligonucleotide mapping of total viral RNAs revealed differences between A/MD and other contemporary swine viruses. However, partial sequencing of each RNA segment of A/MD demonstrated that all segments were related to those of currently circulating swine viruses. Sequence analysis of the entire hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and matrix genes of A/MD revealed a high level of identity with other contemporary swine viruses. Our studies on A/MD emphasize that H1N1 viruses in pigs obviously continue to cross species barriers and infect humans.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Exposure of healthy volunteers to swine house dust increases formation of leukotrienes, prostaglandin D2, and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine.

BACKGROUND: Acute exposure of healthy subjects to swine house dust causes increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine but no acute bronchoconstriction. The role of cysteinyl leukotrienes and mast cells in increased bronchial responsiveness is unclear. METHODS: Ten non-asthmatic subjects were exposed to swine dust for three hours while weighing pigs in a piggery. Urine was collected prior to and for up to 12 hours after entering the piggery and at the same times five days before and the day after exposure. As indices of whole body leukotriene production and mast cell activation, urinary levels of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2, the earliest appearing urinary metabolite of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), were measured. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was determined five days before and the day after the exposure. RESULTS: Methacholine PD20FEV1 decreased from 1.32 mg (95% CI 0.22 to 10.25) before exposure to 0.38 mg (95% CI 0.11 to 1.3) after exposure (p < 0.01). Associated with the increase in bronchial responsiveness there was a significant mean difference between post- and prechallenge levels of LTE4 (difference 38.5 ng/mmol creatinine (95% CI 17.2 to 59.8); p < 0.01) and 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 (difference 69 ng/mmol creatinine (95% CI 3.7 to 134.3); p < 0.05) on the day of exposure to swine dust. Swine dust exposure induced a 24-fold increase in the total cell number and a 12-fold increase in IL-8 levels in the nasal lavage fluid. The levels of LTB4 and LTE4 in nasal lavage fluid following exposure also increased 5.5-fold and 2-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that cysteinyl leukotrienes and other mast cell mediators contribute to the development of increased bronchial responsiveness following inhalation of organic swine dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nitrification of swine waste.

Complete oxidation of ammonia nitrogen (approximately 1000 mg/L) to nitrite was observed in stabilized swine waste after 49 days in incubation at 400 rpm and 29 degrees C, only if 10% (v/v) activated sludge from a wastewater treatment unit and 1.5% (w/v) CaCO3, were added. Stabilized swine waste contains less than 0.09 most probable number (MPN) per millilitre of nitrosobacteria and 2.3 MPN/mL of nitrobacteria. In activated sludge, the concentrations of these bacteria were 2.4 MPN/mL for nitrosobacteria and 4.2 x 10(5) MPN/mL for nitrobacteria. In the swine waste where ammonia was oxidized to nitrite, the nitrosobacteria growth increased to 5.5 x 10(5) MPN/mL, while the nitrobacteria growth decreased to 2.3 MPN/mL. Inoculation of a freshly stabilized swine waste with 10% (v/v) of the active nitrifying waste and addition of 1.5% (w/v) CaCO3, accelerated the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite; the reaction was completed after only 5 days of incubation. Increasing the incubation period to 10 days resulted in the complete oxidation of the accumulated nitrite to nitrate. In the stabilized swine waste, complete nitrification without accumulation of nitrite was obtained in only 5 days of incubation when the waste was inoculated with both enriched nitrifying populations (10(6)-10(7) MPN/mL).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of sustained mesenteric nerve stimulation on intestinal oxygenation in developing swine.

The effects of sustained mesenteric nerve stimulation on intestinal oxygenation were determined in 3- and 35-day-old swine. Studies were conducted in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals during free-flow or constant-flow perfusion. Square-wave stimuli sufficient to induce maximal resistance vessel constriction were applied to postganglionic periarterial mesenteric nerves and each stimulation was sustained until measured variables reached steady state. When vascular resistance data were analyzed without data transformation, autoregulatory escape of intestinal vascular resistance was more complete in 3- than in 35-day-old animals when the escape process was complete; however, expression of these data as escape indexes revealed a similar degree of escape in both age groups. In 35-day-old animals, (a-v)O2 increased during sustained nerve stimulation under free-flow conditions; under constant-flow conditions, (a-v)O2, 86Rb extraction, and capillary permeability-surface area product were lower at completion of the escape process compared with baseline. In 3-day-old swine, these variables remained unchanged from baseline. Intestinal O2 uptake was compromised by sustained nerve stimulation, and this effect was similar in both age groups. We conclude that sustained nerve stimulation reduces intestinal oxygenation to a similar degree in 3- and 35-day-old swine. It is important to note, however, that the response of 3-day-old swine may be dissimilar from that which occurs during immediate postnatal life; indeed, the intestinal hemodynamic response of swine less than or equal to 1 day old should not be extrapolated from the response of 3-day-old animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Changes in cardiovascular and renal function during catecholamine infusions in developing swine.

Renal and cardiac effects of norepinephrine and dopamine were evaluated in swine aged 1 wk, 2 wk, and 6 mo. The swine were anesthetized with pentobarbital (20-30 mg/kg). Aortic pressure, right ventricular pressure and its first derivative, and heart rate were recorded, together with carotid and renal (RBF) arterial flows. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by [14C]inulin clearance. After a control period, norepinephrine or dopamine was infused intravenously for 10-20 min before and then during another clearance period. After a second control period, the second catecholamine was infused. GFR increased in piglets given either catecholamine. Norepinephrine at equipressor doses (2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in piglets and 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in mature swine) decreased RBF and increased renal resistance. Dopamine at equi-inotropic doses (10 micrograms.kg-1 min-1 in piglets and 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in mature swine) increased RBF and decreased renal resistance only in mature swine. Infusions of dopamine at a low dose (5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) also failed to increase RBF or decrease renal resistance in piglets. The results suggest that maturation of the mechanism of renal vasodilation by dopamine occurs later than that for vasoconstriction by norepinephrine.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Kinetics of radiolabeled neutrophils in swine.

The kinetics of radiolabeled neutrophils (PMNs) as they pass through the lungs of swine were evaluated and compared with those in rabbits (J. Appl. Physiol. 63: 1806-1815, 1987) and dogs (J. Appl. Physiol. 63: 1253-1261, 1987; 65: 1217-1225, 1988) previously reported from our laboratory. 111In-labeled PMNs (111In-PMNs) and 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes were simultaneously injected into the right atrium, and the 111In-PMN percent extraction on the first passage through the lung was determined by the indicator-dilution technique. After 10 min of circulation the distribution of 111In-PMNs in selected organs was determined. The extraction of 111In-PMNs in swine was 88 +/- 3%, which was significantly greater than that of rabbits (78 +/- 3%) or dogs (72 +/- 2%). The recovery of the 111In-PMNs in the lungs of swine was 60 +/- 7%, which was two to three times higher than the recovery in lungs of rabbits or dogs. These results show that radiolabeled PMNs injected intravenously are less able to pass through the pulmonary vasculature and are retained much more within the lung in swine than in rabbits or dogs. This difference could be the result of the presence of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in the lungs of swine.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Genomic structure of swine taste receptor family 1 member 3, TAS1R3, and its expression in tissues.

Taste receptor family 1 member 3, TAS1R3, is shown to be involved in sweet and umami tastes in mouse, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene has been reported in rat, gorilla, and human. Pigs are frequently used as models for human diseases, and are also considered to be source animals for xenotransplantation to humans due to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Therefore, in the present study, the genomic structure of the swine TAS1R3 gene was determined, and TAS1R3 expression was studied in various swine tissues. The gene was shown to reside on swine chromosome 6q22-->q23, from which three types of mRNAs were generated: 3,752 bp derived from six exons in tongue, 3,704 bp from six exons and 3,630 bp from seven exons in testis. The 6 exons/5 introns were structurally similar to those of humans and mice, but the 7 exons/6 introns structure of TAS1R3 was first observed in swine. High expressions of TAS1R3 were revealed in tongue, kidney, and testis by real-time PCR. The expression profile of the tissues except for kidney was similar to that of mouse. When in situ hybridization using an RNA probe for TAS1R3 was performed on swine tongue and testis tissues, TAS1R3 expressions were revealed in tongue circumvallate papillae, fungiform papillae, mucosal epithelium, follicular B lymphocytes, lymphocytes in submucosal tissues of lingual tonsil, and spermatogenic cells. Using peripheral mature B lymphocytes, the expression of TAS1R3 in B lymphocytes was further confirmed by real-time PCR and sequencing of the real-time PCR product.

Animals↗