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PubMed2005

Confocal laser scanning microscopic observations of secondary caries inhibition around different types of luting cements.

PURPOSE: To analyze in vitro artificial secondary caries inhibition around conventional luting cements and resin cements using a confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM). METHODS: Box shape cavities (approximately 3 mm long, 4 mm wide, and 1.5 mm deep) were prepared in bovine root dentin. One of five cements: Elite Cement 100 (EL) zinc phosphate cement, HY-Bond Carbo Cement (CA) polycarboxylate cement, Fuji I (FI) glass-ionomer cement, Fuji Luting (FL) GIC-based resin cement and Panavia F (PA) fluoride-releasing resin cement, was placed in the cavity. After polishing, the center of the cement surface was covered with an adhesive to preserve the original cement solubility. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 1 week, and stored in an artificial demineralizing solution for 3.5 days. Following this, each specimen was sectioned into two halves, trimmed, and polished. Thickness of inhibition zone, depth of outer lesion and cement solubility around each cement were determined by a CLSM. RESULTS: Inhibition zones were not seen in EL and CA, while they were found in FI, FL and PA. The depths of the outer lesions of CA and FI were significantly lower than those of EL, FL and PA (P< 0.05). The highest and the second-highest cement solubility were obtained in EL and CA, respectively. FI and FL indicated significantly lower cement solubility than EL and CA. PA tended to show the lowest cement solubility.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Effects of frequency of exposure to iron-sucrose on the incidence of dental caries in desalivated rats.

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.5 billion people have anemia caused by iron deficiency that could be prevented by fortification of food; sugar, for example, has been used successfully as a vehicle for dietary iron fortification. The inclusion of 88 ppm of iron (as FeSO4) co-crystallized with sugar has been shown to reduce the incidence of caries by more than 30% when rats are fed 17 meals daily at hourly intervals. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of varying the number of daily exposures to iron on caries in desalivated rats. Four litters of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were desalivated when aged 25 days and caged in a programmed feeder. All animals received their essential nutrition by gavage and 17 meals of sucrose daily. In Group A, 6 meals contained 88 ppm Fe; in Group B, 3 meals continued iron: Group C had 2 meals, and in Group D, no iron was added. The investigation continued for 3 weeks. Smooth-surface and sulcal (in parentheses) caries scores were: Group A 60.8 (39.4); Group B 72.4 (41.3); Group C 73.1 (41.3), and Group D 92.9 (49.2). Caries scores in all the iron groups were statistically lower than in the control group. Severity scores followed a similar pattern. Thus, as few as 2 daily exposures to iron-sucrose had a significant effect on caries development; therefore the use of iron as a cariostatic agent is worthy of further exploration. The concept that two major public health problems could be alleviated by the addition of iron to sucrose is indeed attractive.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Caries prevalence in the Republic of Ireland.

The implementation of the Health (Fluoridation of Water Supplies) Act 1960 was preceded by a survey of child dental health in the Republic of Ireland. A follow up national survey in 1982 showed that caries had declined in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, although more so in the former. An adult dental health survey reported in 1992 showed that tooth loss had declined in the period 1979 to 1989.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pattern of caries experience among an elderly population in south India.

A study was carried out among a population aged 60 years or over in South India. The caries experience, as expressed by the DMFT index, was found to be a mean of 13.51, of which the 'missing' component was 10.98. The sample population had an average of 18.42 teeth present but not one of the 300 individuals interviewed and examined had a tooth filled. Details are given of the teeth most commonly carious and missing. Data are also provided on habits and oral hygiene measures and their effect on the oral health of the elderly in this region.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Determinants of dental status and caries among adults in southern Thailand.

This study describes the tooth mortality and the prevalence and severity of dental caries among 30- to 39- and 50- to 59-year-old rural Thais from the Province of Songhkla, Thailand. Three hundred and sixty-three persons were given a clinical examination, including assessment of dental status, dental caries, and periodontal recordings. Information on religious faith, smoking, and betel use was obtained by means of an interview. The prevalence of edentulism was low (<2% among 50- to 59-year-olds). The mean number of teeth present was high, 29.4 among the 30- to 39-year-olds and 24.3 among the 50- to 59-year-olds. The prevalence of caries was high (91% among 30- to 39-year-olds and 84% among 50- to 59-year-olds). The mean DFT values were 5.7 and 5.8, respectively, and a substantial part of the DFT consisted of deep dentin lesions. The results did not corroborate the hypothesis that persons of Muslim faith have worse dental conditions than do Thai Buddhist or that dental disease levels are higher among the Thai population than among other Southeast Asian populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

How dentists classified and treated non-carious cervical lesions.

All North Carolina general dentists were shown color photographs of three non-carious cervical lesions. A fourth picture showed cervical caries. Respondents were asked how they defined each lesion, its cause, treatment and frequency of appearance in practice. Cervical caries was identified and treated by almost all responding dentists, but they applied more varied terms, causes and treatments to non-carious defects.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification and management of dental caries. New concepts.

There has been a tremendous change in the understanding of carious lesion in all aspects from pathogenesis to prevention. The profession has also seen a revolutionary change in the material science and technology. In spite of these changes, the caries classification provided by Dr. G. V. Black remains unchanged, deterring the radical changes needed in the understanding of caries as a disease process. This article propose a new classification of dental caries to suit the present day changes in the related area. The article opens by highlighting the changes and limitations in the existing classification. The logical and advantageous outcome of the new classification is projected at the end emphasizing the need to change in conservative dentistry and education.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1997

Recurrence of mandibular molar furcation defects following citric acid root treatment and coronally advanced flap procedures.

This report concerns long-term (4 to 5 years) clinical evaluation of 22 resolved (complete bone closure) mandibular Class 2 furcation defects following coronally advanced flap procedures and citric acid root treatment with or without adjunctive implantation of freeze-dried, demineralized allogeneic bone. Sixteen buccal furcation sites in 12 patients were available for the follow-up evaluation. The furcation involvement was independently evaluated by a panel of three examiners, each using three furcation index systems. Oral hygiene standards, gingival health, probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, tooth vitality, and detectable caries or root resorption were also recorded. Mean attachment level at the furcation sites was 5.8 +/- 2.9 mm, compared to 4.5 +/- 2.2 mm and 3.5 +/- 1.3 mm over the prominence of the mesial and distal roots, respectively. The clinical examination further revealed that 12 out of 16 sites exhibited recurrent Class 2 furcation involvement. Of the 16 teeth examined, one had received endodontic treatment, while the remaining 15 responded within the normal range to pulp testing. One tooth had developed caries in the furcation region. No teeth demonstrated periradicular pathology. The results of this study question the long-term stability of furcation bone regeneration following coronally advanced flap procedures.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2001

Aluminum concentration in deciduous teeth is dependent on tooth type and dental status.

Aluminum (Al) concentration was assessed in deciduous teeth in relation to sex, year of birth, tooth type, and the presence of caries and roots. Three hundred and twenty-three deciduous teeth from children born during the period 1952 93 in a county in southeast Sweden were sampled, and the Al content determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The arithmetic mean of the Al concentration was 0.58 +/- 0.64 ppm dry weight (mean +/- standard deviation) and differed significantly between incisors (1.05 +/- 1.04 ppm) and canines (0.48 +/- 0.50 ppm) and between incisors and molars (0.53 +/- 0.55 ppm). A significant difference was found between teeth with and without caries. No significant differences were found between sexes. The Al concentration correlated significantly with tooth weight for incisors (r = -0.47) and canines (r = -0.45) but not for molars (r = 0.03). No significant change in Al concentration was found over time. Caries-free deciduous molars are suggested as the most useful teeth for biological monitoring of aluminum.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1992

Clinical correlates of dental anxiety among older adults.

Most studies of the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health status have used subjective rather than clinical indicators of oral health. In this paper we examine differences between older adults who are and are not dentally anxious using a broad range of clinical measures. The data show that dentally anxious individuals were more likely to be edentulous, and among the dentate, had more missing and fewer filled teeth. As a result, dentally anxious dentate subjects were more likely to need prosthodontic treatment. They were also more likely to need immediate treatment for the relief of pain and infection and periodontal care. There was evidence to suggest differences in patterns of dental treatment between those who were and were not dentally anxious and some evidence consistent with the hypothesis that aging influences the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health status.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Trends in caries and periodontal health epidemiology in Europe.

The overall picture for caries and periodontal disease in Europe has improved over the last years. A very marked decline in caries prevalence was seen in children and adolescents. According to the DMF-figures the caries prevalence in adults and seniors has not declined as rapidly. Yet also in this age group there is in many countries a positive effect of a more preventive based dentistry detectable. The number of edentulous adults in Europe has also been declining considerably. However, of concern is the increased risk for root surface caries in the remaining teeth. Advanced periodontal disease is seen in around 20 percent of the adults and more than 30 percent in seniors. Changes in the prevalence of periodontitis are more difficult to assess because the treatment approach and the interest of patients retaining their teeth have also changed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The efficacy of an intraoral fluoride-releasing system in irradiated head and neck cancer patients: a preliminary study.

This study compared the anticaries effectiveness of an intraoral fluoride-releasing system, or IFRS, with a standard regimen of daily application of a 1.1 percent neutral sodium fluoride gel in custom trays. Caries protection in subjects in the IFRS group was comparable to that in subjects in the 1.1 percent neutral sodium fluoride group. The subjects all had head or neck cancer and had received radiation therapy, but no more recently than three months before taking part in the study. Overall, IFRS devices were well-tolerated and patient satisfaction was high. The IFRS appears to offer several advantages over the daily application of fluoride gels in custom trays.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Dental abnormalities after pediatric bone marrow transplantation.

Our purpose was to describe the types and frequencies of altered dental development in pediatric patients following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A retrospective review of the medical records and panoramic radiographs of all patients who underwent BMT at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1990 and 2000, for whom pre-BMT and post-BMT dental examination and panoramic radiography records were available, is presented. All patients were treated on institutional protocols. We recorded patient demographics and radiographic evidence of microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontia, root stunting, caries, enamel pearls, dental restorations/extractions and pulpal calcification. The 99 patients identified (52 males, 47 females) had a median age of 13.5 years (range, 3.4-25.9 years) at the time of BMT. In all, 73 were Caucasian, 15 were African-American, and 11 were of other races. The frequency of radiographically evident root stunting in permanent teeth was significantly increased after BMT (P<0.001), but there was no significant change in the frequency of other dental abnormalities after BMT. Dental abnormalities are prevalent in survivors of childhood BMT, but only root stunting appeared to progress with BMT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a glass-fiber-reinforced, bonded, inlay-supported fixed partial denture--4-year results.

Glass-fiber-reinforced composite resin systems may be used as conservative alternatives to conventional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) for the replacement of a single missing tooth. This article describes a clinical technique and 4-year evaluation of an inlay bonded FPD. The patient presented with a missing maxillary right second premolar. A high-caries risk and moderate-to-advanced attachment loss around the abutment teeth, which were clinically stable, were noted. The patient had a strong desire to maintain his remaining dentition. Advantages of supragingival margins and minimal tooth structure removal made the bonded inlay bridge a viable alternative to a conventional FPD for this compromised restorative situation. The clinical performance of this glass-fiber-reinforced resin inlay FPD at the 4-year follow-up is provided. The restoration has served satisfactorily for more than 4 years and holds promise as a conservative, esthetic alternative to the conventional FPD in certain clinical cases.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material on artificially demineralised dentine caries in vitro.

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent caries is one of the most common reasons for the replacement of restorations. One method of reducing the frequency of this problem may be by using fluoride-releasing restorative materials. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the progression of artificial lesions around resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) restorations placed in root surfaces. Class V cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of 28 human premolar teeth. Artificial carious wall lesions were created in all cavities. The root of each tooth was then hemisected through the middle of the two cavities, before being restored with either the glass ionomer or amalgam, while the opposing cavities on the same root portion were varnished as negative controls. Forty-eight specimens were pH-cycled in remineralising and demineralising solutions for 20 h and 4 h, respectively, each day for 4 weeks, whilst in a smaller control group of eight specimens, the demineralising solution was replaced with deionised water. Mineral changes in the carious lesions were evaluated using contact microradiography. RESULTS: Results showed that varying degrees of subsurface demineralisation and remineralisation were evident, with a laminated appearance in lesions adjacent to the glass ionomer. There was higher remineralisation in the glass ionomer-filled cavities compared with the amalgam-filled cavities. In the water-cycled group, glass ionomer showed an increase in mineral content (p < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the amalgam-filled cavities. CONCLUSIONS: This model has shown that glass ionomer has a greater potential than amalgam for remineralisation of artificially created wall lesions within an acidic environment.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1994

Caries incidence, salivary flow rate and efficacy of fluoride gel treatment in irradiated patients.

The caries-preventive effect of daily applications of a fluoride gel was studied in 55 patients receiving radiotherapy for tumors of the head and neck. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind study with two parallel groups. From the start of radiotherapy one group received a 0.42% F gel once a day for 1 year. The other group received a daily application of a 1.23% F gel for 4 weeks followed by the use of the 0.42% F gel daily for 1 year. The results showed that in patients with an unstimulated saliva flow of > 0.1 ml/min daily fluoride gel treatment with a fluoride concentration of 0.42% F was sufficient to inhibit caries almost completely. The use of the 1.23% F gel was not superior to the 0.42% gel treatment program alone. In an attempt to evaluate the salivary flow rate as a diagnostic criterion for increased caries risk, sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. It was found that with an unstimulated saliva flow rate of < 0.1 ml/min the positive predictive value was 80%. The corresponding value for stimulated salivary flow rate of < 0.5 ml/min was 85%. One can therefore predict that 80% of patients with flow rates < 0.1 ml/min will develop at least one carious lesion per year. The corresponding negative predictive value for unstimulated saliva flow > 0.1 ml/min was 75%. That means that 75% of patients using the 0.42% F gel daily and with at least some saliva secretion will not develop any new carious lesions.

Dental Caries↗