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PubMed1995

RETRACTED: Do plasma levels of circulating soluble adhesion molecules differ between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill patients?

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor In 2018, CHEST published a notice1 that all articles authored by Joachim Boldt be read with caution due to expressions of concern about falsified data. In 2020, CHEST received additional evidence of research misconduct and breaches of scientific integrity that were discovered following an investigation by the author's former institution, the University of Giessen2. In light of this new evidence, this article has been retracted by CHEST. 1. Irwin, R.S., MD, Master FCCP. Notice From the Editor in Chief. CHEST 153(3), p. 767. 2. Mukherjee, J. Statement on the scientific credibility of articles published by Joachim Boldt, formerly professor at Justus Liebig University (JLU), Giessen, Germany. https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S000709122030163X-mmc3.pdf.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

RETRACTED: Efficacy of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone in complicated cardiac surgery.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the request of the editor. In 2018, CHEST published a notice1 that all articles authored by Joachim Boldt be read with caution due to expressions of concern about falsified data. In 2020, CHEST received additional evidence of research misconduct and breaches of scientific integrity that were discovered following an investigation by the author's former institution, the University of Giessen2. In light of this new evidence, this article has been retracted by CHEST. 1. Irwin, R.S., MD, Master FCCP. Notice From the Editor in Chief. CHEST 153(3), p. 767. 2. Mukherjee, J. Statement on the scientific credibility of articles published by Joachim Boldt, formerly professor at Justus Liebig University (JLU), Giessen, Germany. https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S000709122030163X-mmc3.pdf.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

RETRACTED: Platelet function in critically ill patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[An unusual case of Marcus Gunn phenomenon].

The author gives a short review on the course of the disease and the typical symptoms of regular Marcus Gunn phenomenon i.e. the retraction of an usually ptotic lid when the patient opens his mouth or moves his jaw to the healthy side of his face. He then reports on a boy now aged 3 and a half that had suffered from Marcus Gunn phenomenon since his birth, although the disease almost disappeared in the first years of his life. Only a short time before the parents noticed again the phenomenon, occurring now in a modified version; the retraction of the lid appears mainly then when the child pulls himself up from a lying position or raises the arm of this side where the ptosis is located.

Blepharoptosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid eye disease presenting after cosmetic botulinum toxin injections.

A 53-year-old woman with left periorbital swelling 4 days after botulinum toxin injection in the lateral canthal area presented after noticing left eye prominence. Physical examination demonstrated proptosis and eyelid retraction. Computed tomography of the orbits confirmed extraocular muscle enlargement consistent with thyroid eye disease. In this case, the patient had development of proptosis after receiving botulinum toxin injections. Although the proptosis may represent progression of the patients' thyroid eye disease, it is worthwhile to consider incitation by botulinum toxin as a possible cause given its widespread use.

Anti-Dyskinesia Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood coagulation changes in rats poisoned with methylmercuric chloride (MeHg).

The effects of methylmercuric chloride on the coagulability of blood were studied in rats. The administration of a single dose (17.9 mg Hg/kg) and a repeated dose (5 X 8 mg Hg/kg/day) of this compound resulted in hypercoagulation. The reduction of the clotting time, the increase of fibrinogen level in plasma and changes characteristic of hypercoagulation in the thromboelastographic parameters were observed. Simultaneously, signs of impaired activity of blood platelets: decreased aggregation velocity and clot retraction as well as prolongation of the bleeding time were noticed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1985

Electromyographic study of the trapezius (upper portion) and levator scapulae muscles in some movements of the shoulders.

The trapezius (upper portion) and levator scapulae mm. were analyzed in 30 adult volunteers of both sexes with a 2 channel TECA TE4 electromyograph and single coaxial needle electrodes. It was noticed that in elevation and lowering of the shoulders both muscles act synergically, and during the lowering, they act to control the return of the shoulders to the initial position. During retraction and protraction of the shoulders these muscles are inactive. In these movements no significant difference was noticed in the activity of these muscles in relation to sex.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Morphological and morphometric studies with the electron microscope on the Merkel cells and associated nerve terminals of normal and denervated skin.

Merkel cells and associated nerve endings of dog snout skin as well as foot and toe pads of rats were studied with the transmission electron microscope. Normal Merkel cells are characterized by the following morphological features: 1) localization restricted to the basal layer of the epidermis, 2) adjoining afferent nerve endings containing many mitochondria, 3) specific small round granules usually accumulated in the cytoplasm on one side of the nucleus facing the junction of the nerve ending, 4) highly lobulated irregular shape of the nucleus, 5) well developed Golgi apparatus with a few immature granules situated on the side of the nucleus opposite the junction at the ending, 6) spine-like processes extending from the cell surface where no nerve endings abut, 7) desmosomes and desmosome-like membrane thickening on the cell surface both abutting the surrounding keratinocytes and the nerve endings. The Merkel cells with nerve endings were observed and measured at various days after denervation. The experiments were carried out on rats whose sciatic nerves were transected. The samples of skin of foot and toe pads of the denervated legs were taken almost every day from 1 to 30 days. Almost no changes were noticed after 24 hrs, but within the next day the nerves retracted and were no longer observed in the epidermis. The Merkel cell granules increased in number in 1--3 days but decreased again to about a half of the value of the control at 30 days. The polarity of granules distribution showing a strong accumulation in the cytoplasm near the nerve ending became less marked after denervation. Some cells sustained severe degeneration in the later stage of experiment. It was remarkable that the activity of Merkel cells might depend on the associated nerves, but they never completely disappeared even after a long period of denervation.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Propionic acid induces cytoskeletal alterations in cultured astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex.

Severe neurological symptoms, cerebral edema, and atrophy are common features of the inherited metabolic disorder propionic acidemia. However, the pathomechanisms involved in the neuropathology of this disease are not well established. In this study, we investigate the effects of propionic acid (PA), a metabolite accumulating in this disorder, on cytoskeletal reorganization, on cell viability, and on the in vitro phosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin in cultured astrocytes from cerebral cortex of neonatal rats. We observed that the astrocytes changed their usual polygonal morphology when exposed to 5 mM PA for 72 h, leading to the appearance of fusiform or process-bearing cells, without elicit cell death. We also noticed that after 72 h treatment with 5 mM PA cells showed retracted cytoplasm with bipolar processes containing packed GFAP filaments and disorganized actin stress fibers, as revealed by immunocytochemistry. In addition, the morphological alterations were accompanied by increased in vitro 32P incorporation into GFAP and vimentin recovered into the high-salt Triton-insoluble cytoskeletal fraction. In conclusion, our results indicate that PA lead to cytoskeletal reorganization and to increased in vitro phosphorylation of Triton-insoluble GFAP and vimentin. On the basis of our results we could suppose that Triton-insoluble GFAP and vimentin hyperphosphorylation could be implicated in the reorganization of cellular structure and these findings could be involved in the brain damage characteristic of propionic acidemia patients.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗

PubMed1990

Correcting the literature following fraudulent publication.

To gain a better understanding of the problem of dealing with publications whose integrity is subsequently challenged, experience in a well-documented case of research fraud was reviewed. At the University of California San Diego, a faculty committee evaluated 135 publications of Robert Slutsky, MD, and reported to each of the corresponding 30 journals whether each article was valid, questionable, or fraudulent, requesting publication of the criteria and the conclusions. Journals responded slowly to this request; half required additional letters over a 2-year period to elicit a reply. Of the 13 journals that had only valid articles, 5 printed a statement to that effect. Statements concerning 46 of 60 nonvalid articles were eventually published. Journals' inconsistent identification of published statements made it difficult to retrieve them by electronic searching. Only 7 notices covering 15 articles were found by searching under the Medical Subject Heading "Retraction of Publication"; scanning the entire bibliography retrieved 18 articles with retraction notations. A poll showed that journals rarely have written procedures for responding to allegations of research misconduct; in our experience, journals were reluctant to accept authorized retractions or corrections when coauthors failed to act.

Biomedical Research↗

PubMed1979

Defective F pili and other characteristics of Flac and Hfr Escherichia coli mutants resistant to bacteriophage R17.

Mutants resistant to the donor-specific bacteriophage R17 were isolated from Hfr and Flac-containing strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Thirty-five mutants were examined for the presence of F pili by electron microscopy. The pilus morphology was studied, as were the abilities of the cells to retract their pili and to synthesize new pili. Measurements were made of the efficiency of the conjugal deoxyribonucleic acid transfer and of M13 and R17 phage infection. All mutants had noticeable defects in pilus production, structure, or function. Mutants were found which produced unusually long pili, displayed wide variations in the number of pili per cell, and were deficient in pilus retraction and synthesis. Evidence is presented that there may be two pathways of pilus retraction.

Coliphages↗

PubMed2003

Clinical profile and outcome of acute respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the etiological factors, clinical features, treatment modalities and outcome of acute respiratory failure in children. METHODS: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted over 15 months. Fifty children with acute respiratory failure, diagnosed by serial arterial blood gas analysis, were consecutively enrolled. Ventilation therapy was initiated when the FiO2 requirement went above 0.6. RESULTS: Pulmonary diseases accounted for majority (68%) of cases, followed by nervous system (12%); and cardiovascular and skeletal muscle system diseases (10%, each). Bronchopneumonia was the commonest cause of acute respiratory failure (11 cases). The majority of cases were in the age group 1 month to < 1 year (26 cases). The commonest signs were altered depth and pattern of respiration (100%), chest wall retractions (88%), flaring of alae nasae (88%), tachypnea (84%), tachycardia (82%), and irritability (64%). Cyanosis was noticed in only 26 (52%) cases. Thirty-six (72%) children required ventilation therapy. The overall mortality was 58%. The mortality was high (55.9% to 66.7%), irrespective of the primary system involved. Significantly higher mortality was associated with co-existent malnutrition (p<0.001), Type I failure (p=0.039) and ventilation therapy (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Acute respiratory failure has varied etiology and clinical manifestations, and a high mortality. Its outcome is independent of age of the child and the primary system involved. Malnutrition and Type I failure are factors associated with a poor outcome.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

Experimental otitis media induced by coagulase negative staphylococcus and its L-forms.

In a previous study, we found 15% L-forms of bacteria (predominately coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS)) in ears which gave negative cultures by conventional methods. In this study, we used an animal model to test whether CNS and its L-forms can be pathogenic and whether L-forms have a crucial role in the tendency to secretory otitis media (SOM). We inoculated the tympanic bullas of guinea pigs, in 2 groups, with CNS and its L-forms (revertant forms). We observed that both CNS and its L-forms had the capability of causing infection. However, it was milder for the L-forms than CNS. We clearly noticed that on day 30 60% of the ears inoculated with L-forms had effusion and/or retraction of the tympanic membrane. These ears were histopathologically characterized by hypertrophied pseudostratified epithelium or stratified squamous epithelial metaplasia. The ears inoculated with the original form of CNS had only 16.66% effusion. On day 60 we observed similar findings. Thus, it might be proposed that L-forms could be responsible for chronic irritation to middle ear mucosa leading to SOM.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Heavily T2 weighted MR assessment of fornical injury after anterior interhemispheric approach for large suprasellar tumors.

Fornical injury in transforaminal approach is well known. Its injury in the anterior interhemispheric approach (AIA) has been rarely highlighted. We report 2 cases with a large suprasellar tumor who underwent AIA. Postoperative heavily T2 weighted reversed (T2R) MR images demonstrated its unilateral injury. The clinical significance of symptom-free fornical injury after AIA is discussed. Cases 1 and 2 were a 15 year-old girl with a meningioma and a 49-year-old woman with a craniopharyngioma, respectively. They underwent AIA. Postoperative T2R images revealed unilateral fornical crus atrophy. They did not present associated memory deficits. Case 1 had the injury of both fornical column and anterior commissure. They were speculatively torn by intra-operative lateral retraction of the frontal lobes. Case 2 had unilateral atrophy of the mammillary body and postcommissural fornix, which were probably caused by ischemic damage related to surgical manipulation, since case 2 had an associated anterior thalamic infarct. During the operation for large suprasellar tumors, excessive laterally directed brain retraction should be avoided, since such manipulation may easily tear the overstretched anterior commissure and fornical column. Once we notice or suspect fornical injury on MR studies in cases of re-operation, we have to choose a surgical approach and operative manipulation to preserve an intact fornix. The MR evaluation of fornix should be included in the perioperative radiological assessment, since patients with unilateral fornical injury were free of memory disturbance, and T2R imaging is a useful MR sequence for depicting the anatomy related to the fornix.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Epidermal acantholysis induced in vitro by pemphigus autoantibody. An ultrastructural study.

Suprabasilar acantholysis can be produced in organ culture of normal human skin in the presence of pemphigus IgG autoantibody. We have examined this in vitro system by electron microscopy. The earliest ultrastructural changes at 12 hours included widening of the intercellular spaces and disruption of the intercellular cement substance in the nondesmosomal areas. After 24 to 48 hours in culture, the tonofilaments retracted from the cell periphery, desmosomes were lost, and extensive cell surface digitation occurred. By 72 hours, isolated cells without noticeable desmosomes were seen in the suprabasilar areas, whereas basal cells, with intact hemidesmosomes, remained attached to the basal lamina. Control cultures which were grown in the presence of normal IgG or F-10 medium alone did not manifest these changes. The ultrastructural features support the conclusion that the acantholysis produced in this system is similar and probably identical to that of naturally occurring pemphigus.

Acantholysis↗

PubMed2004

Hypospadias surgery: a 10-year review.

Hypospadias surgery is one of the most difficult areas in pediatric urology and has been characterized by constant evolution. Some of the surgical techniques proposed in the past are now considered inadequate because of an unacceptable complication rate or poor functional and aesthetic results. The key for assessing a surgical technique (or a particular aspect of it) is continuous evaluation through long-term patient follow-up. We present the medical records of 693 patients over 10 years, all operated on by the same surgeon (the first author), with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. The overall complication rate was 6.49% (45 cases). The most frequent complication was urethral fistula, occurring in 28 patients (62%). Other complications were redo for penile deformity or meatal retraction (eight cases, 17%), megalourethra (five cases, 11%), meatal stenosis (two cases, 4%), and urethral stenosis (two cases, 4%). We have noticed an increased rate of complications in patients older than 12 months (18.7% vs. 3.4% in patients younger than 12 months) and in patients operated on at puberty or later (15%). We have seen no difference in the complication rate related to the type of hospitalisation (day surgery vs. traditional hospitalisation). Regarding the relationship between the type of complication and the type of defect, except for the constant presence of fistulae, a high incidence of megalourethra was seen in proximal defects treated with preputial graft. The sexual outcomes of 32 subjects are presented. Multiple factors influence the final result, but the most important factor is the surgeon's own experience. Knowledge of different techniques and delicate tissue handling are essential. Our experience shows that the ideal age for surgery is 8-12 months. Owing to a minimal emotional impact on the child and to a reasonable use of economical resources, we consider day surgery the ideal way to treat these patients whenever possible. Even in the absence of complications, follow-up must be continued at least until the end of puberty and, when possible, up to the patient's sexual debut. Adequate interviews with the patients (principally teenagers and young adults) are the best way to evaluate their need for psychological support.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1987

Preputial hematoma in a stallion.

An 8-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was admitted with a swelling involving the prepuce, dorsal part of the scrotum, and root of the penis. The swelling was first noticed 10 days after breeding, with no evidence that it had resulted from a kick by the mare. The penis was retracted into the prepuce, except for a 10- to 15-cm protrusion of the glans penis. Treatment included warm hydrotherapy, massage, stockinette compression, antidiuretics, antibiotics, penile support, and exercise, without success. At necropsy, a massive preputial hematoma was found extending forward from the root of the penis to 12 cm proximal to the glans penis. The exact origin of the hematoma could not be determined. Most likely, bleeding had originated from the vascular plexus lying subfascially on the surface of the penis outside the intact tunica albuginea or from a branch of the external pudendal artery.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Development of the navicular bone in foetal and young horses, including the arterial supply.

A macroscopic, arteriographic and histological study of the development and the arterial anatomy of the navicular bone of 33 foetuses and 55 young horses is described. After 125 days of gestation the blood supply consists of two routes: one situated in the superficial layer of the fibrocartilage and the other similar to the blood supply of the navicular bone of the normal mature horse. After 270 days gestation, the blood vessels in the fibrocartilage gradually regressed and retracted until they have disappeared at six months after birth. At two months after birth the first macroscopic thinning of the fibrocartilage was noticed. From seven months to one year about 45 per cent of the navicular bones showed a slight thinning of the fibrocartilage. A positive correlation was found between radiographic abnormalities (ie enlargement of the nutrient foramina) and the frequency of thinning of the fibrocartilage. Radiographic abnormalities were first recognised 14 days after birth, whereas the arteriogram showed the first changes such as fewer or no arteries entering distally at the distal extremities at 10 weeks after birth. At four weeks after birth the first arterial wall changes were found, ie intimal thickening with or without splitting of the internal elastic membrane. From that age onward, the number of navicular bones with arterial wall changes gradually increased. Starting at five months after birth only 6 to 20 per cent of the arteries in the navicular bones without radiographic abnormalities showed arterial wall changes. However, the navicular bones with radiographic abnormalities showed arterial wall changes in 25 to 80 per cent of the arteries.

Angiography↗