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Results for “Retinal Vasculitis”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Bilateral iridocyclitis with retinal capillaritis in juveniles.

PURPOSE: The authors present clinical features of 18 juvenile patients with a new type of uveitis termed bilateral iridocyclitis with retinal capillaritis (BIRC). METHODS: The authors reviewed medical records of 18 consecutive patients who showed bilateral iridocyclitis with retinal capillary leakage but no systemic manifestations during an 11-year period from January 1985 to December 1995. RESULTS: Twelve of the 18 patients were female and the age at onset ranged from 9 to 17 years old. All patients had many cells in the anterior chamber and anterior vitreous, together with mutton fat keratic precipitates. Fluorescein angiography showed leakage from the optic disc and retinal capillaries, mainly in the midperiphery, which corresponded to retinal cloudiness. Macular edema was minimal, and all patients maintained good vision. The inflammation responded well topical, oral, and intravenous administration of corticosteroids, the choice of which was based on the extent of retinal inflammation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR6 and HLA-Cw7 were associated significantly with the presence of BIRC (chi square test, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral retinal capillaritis affecting capillaries in various areas of the retina and overlying retinal cloudiness with no distinct lesions are unique to these patients. Fluorescein angiography is essential for diagnosis of BIRC.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Vitreoschisis in Eales' disease: pathogenic role and significance in surgery.

PURPOSE: To report the surgical anatomy of vitreoretinal adhesions as observed intraoperatively in patients undergoing vitreous surgery for complications of Eales' disease. METHODS: Eighteen consecutive male patients (18 eyes) undergoing vitrectomy for Eales' disease were studied prospectively. Intraoperative diagnosis was vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in nine cases, traction retinal detachment (TRD) in four, VH and TRD in three, and combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in two. Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) obtained during surgery were studied using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: An incomplete posterior vitreous detachment was observed in all eyes. Multifocal vitreoretinal adhesions were evident in 83.3% of eyes. The proliferation was fibrovascular in 10 eyes and fibrous in eight. A radial traction fold extending from optic disk to periphery was observed in three eyes. A double-layered membrane, probably the result of vitreoschisis, caused tangential traction. ERMs consisted principally of type II collagen and the cellular element was predominantly composed of lymphocytes, glial cells, and macrophage-like cells (probably hyalocytes). CONCLUSIONS: Fibrous and fibrovascular proliferations have multiple areas of adhesions to the posterior vitreous cortex. The presence of type II collagen in the ERM indicates a possible vitreous collagen component to the double-layered membranes (vitreoschisis). Recognition of the double-layered membranes aids in relief of traction during surgery by delamination.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Uveitis: a strategy for diagnosis.

Uveitis may be the first presentation of a wide variety of underlying ocular and systemic diseases. It is important for the ophthalmologist to make a specific diagnosis in order to instigate specific therapy and give an accurate prognosis. The ability to recognise the clinical patterns of uveitis and to initiate appropriate investigations should form the basis of the ophthalmologist's management of the condition. To this end, we have considered uveitis under four major patterns of presentation--anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis--with subclasses within each of these four groups. We have outlined both the investigations which facilitate diagnosis of the possible underlying causes of inflammation and the interpretation of the results of such investigations.

Capillaries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thrombocytopathies and their role in the development of hemorrhagic syndrome in vascular diseases of the fundus oculi].

Examinations of 407 patients with angiological disorders of the fundus oculi (diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein thrombosis, central chorioretinal dystrophy, retinal angiitis) revealed relapsing hemorrhagic syndrome in 40% (170) patients. No thrombocytopenia was revealed in any of the patients, which suggests qualitative impairment of platelets in such patients. Evaluation of the platelet aggregation coefficient (PAC) using thrombin aggregation inducers and adenosine diphosphate disodium revealed a statistically significant decrease of PAC for one or both aggregants in all 170 patients with the hemorrhagic syndrome, which indicated platelet dysfunction. A course of intramuscular injections of 1% adenosine triphosphate sodium normalized platelet function and stimulated resorption of hemorrhages.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2001

[Susac syndrome in a man].

The association of an acute encephalopathy, neurosensory hearing loss and retinal branch artery occlusions in a 35 year old man as well as the absence of systemic disease suggest the diagnosis of Susac's syndrome. This is the eighth male case described, the syndrome being more frequently reported in females.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Further investigations on the association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Eales' disease.

PURPOSE: To apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on vitreous fluid (VF) from Eales' disease to further confirm its association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS: Sixty nine VF samples from 69 patients (24 Eales' disease and 45 Non-Eales' as controls) were processed by conventional methods for detection of mycobacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for IS 6110 and nested PCR (nPCR) using primers coding for MPB 64 gene were applied on all 69 VF. PCR based dot-blot hybridisation was applied on the IS 6110 amplified products of n PCR-positive VFs. RESULTS: Conventional methods (direct smear and culture) did not detect mycobacteria in any of the 69 VF samples. Five (20.8%) of 24 VF from Eales' and 2 (4.2%) of 45 VF from control patients tested positive for M. tuberculosis DNA by nPCR. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). All 69 VF were negative by PCR for IS 6110. Two VF of Eales' patients positive by nPCR were also positive by DNA probe dot-blot hybridisation for IS 6110. CONCLUSION: Detection of M. tuberculosis DNA by PCR in a significant number of VF of Eales' disease patients reemphasizes the association of this bacterium with Eales' disease.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral complications in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy.

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a self-limited ocular disease with a favorable visual outcome. Regarding its pathogenesis, there is increasing evidence of a vascular disorder of the precapillary choroidal arterioles that causes ischemic edema of the overlying retinal pigment epithelium. Systemic and neurological abnormalities associated with APMPPE have been documented. The development of severe cerebral vasculitis simultaneously or after a period of months or even years has been described in only a few cases. We present two new well-documented cases that developed several months after manifestation of the characteristic findings of APMPPE. A thorough medical and neurological workup is recommended, as is careful information of the patients and their families about the signs and symptoms of potential associated cerebral complications so as to facilitate early and adequate treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Vascular diseases of the retina].

Retinal venous occlusion are usually associated with hypertension and arteriosclerosis; visual loss can be mild or severe. Two complications are related with a poor visual outcome: macular oedema and severe retinal ischaemia. Retinal artery occlusion is responsible for a sudden visual loss, usually caused by embolism. In cases without early reperfusion, visual loss is irretrievable. Retinal vasculitides, characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, are isolated or associated with systemic diseases. Visual prognosis is usually poor, particularly in cases of vascular occlusions or retinal necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Abnormal blood vessels on the optic disc.

Twenty-five patients with abnormal blood vessels on the optic nerve head were examined both clinically and with fluorescein angiography to determine the diagnostic significance of these abnormal vessels. Six patients had congenital abnormal vessels--prepapillary or optociliary arteries or veins, or vessels associated with congenital anomalies of the disc. Nineteen patients had acquired abnormal vessels that were associated with retinal vein occlusion, chronic glaucoma, chronic papilledema, meningioma or vasculitis. The clinical and fluorescein angiographic features that differentiated these groups are discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Acute retinal necrosis--a herpetic retinitis?].

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is characterized by unilateral or bilateral severe vaso-occlusive retinitis. In a large number of cases the patients become blind in the affected eyes as a direct result of the acute inflammation or the subsequent retinal detachment. The etiology is poorly understood; herpesvirus-induced vasculitis is presumed and has been demonstrated by some authors. However, the author's own investigations in seven patients show that even vitreous biopsy reveals a herpetic origin only in a minority of cases. Intravenous treatment with acyclovir and steroids prevented progression of the retinitis but did not reduce the risk of retinal detachment.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2007

[Pseudoangiitis in bilateral ocular ischemia].

BACKGROUND: The term 'frosted branch angiitis' was initially used to describe an idiopathic form of vasculitis in association with panuveitis. It has since also been used to describe the angiographic phenomenon of diffuse leakage along retinal vessels against the background of other ocular and systemic diseases. METHODS: We describe a 57-year-old male patient with acute bilateral reduction of visual acuity, headaches and absence of any pulse at the temporal arteries. Fluorescence angiography showed bilateral diffuse leakage along all the retinal vessels, which resembled frosted branches. Laboratory parameters and histology were not indicative of vasculitis. Imaging showed complete occlusion of both common carotid arteries and a hypoplastic vertebral artery on the left. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular ischemia may imitate primarily inflammatory conditions in its angiographic appearance.

Angiography↗