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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Postnatal toxicity following prenatal reserpine exposure in rats: effects of dose and dosing schedule.

Pregnant CD rats were treated subcutaneously with 0, 0.1, 0.33, or 1.0 mg reserpine/kg/day either on Days 12-15 or on Days 16-19 of gestation. Dams were allowed to deliver and litters (4 +/- 1 of each sex) were weighed weekly and held to 21 days of age. Basal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and neurochemical determinations were made on hearts and brains, respectively, from pups culled from litters on postnatal Day 1, and from two males and two females/litter at 21 days of age. Following both treatment schedules, the high dose of reserpine resulted in maternal weight loss during dosing, increased stillborn pups, reduced pup weight at birth, retarded postnatal growth, and decreased survival to 21 days of age. Basal cardiac ODC activity was reduced to 33% of control levels only on Postnatal Day 1 in both high-dose groups, while absolute heart weight decreased and relative heart weight increased in these pups. Whole-brain concentrations of two neurotransmitter metabolites, 3-4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were increased only at Postnatal Day 1 in the high dose group treated on Days 12-15 of gestation. No other changes were found in concentrations of these metabolites or in the transmitters dopamine and serotonin. The only effect found following administration of 0.33 mg/kg reserpine was a reduction in maternal weight gained during both dosing periods. No signs of toxicity were observed following low-dose exposure on either schedule. Most previously reported postnatal functional studies following reserpine exposure have used mid- to late-gestational treatment with 1.0 mg/kg, a dose shown here to result in marked overt maternal and fetal toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of maternally administered reserpine on the development of the cold stress response and its possible relation to adrenergic nervous system function.

Maternal administration of reserpine (100 microgram/kg/day) from day 8 of pregnancy until weaning of the pups produced no change in litter size, birth weight or weaning weight. At 70 to 80 days of age the offspring of reserpine treated dams were less able to maintain body temperature in response to cold stress with physical restraint. Similarly treated offspring exhibited a smaller rise in urinary free norepinephrine levels during the initial stages of cold exposure and they incorporated significantly less 14C from tyrosine into heart norepinephrine during acute cold exposure. No differences in incorporation of 14C into norepinephrine from tyrosine were evident when the animals were not subjected to cold stress. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal administration of reserpine produces a permanent alteration in the ability of the offspring to respond to cold stress and that this deficit is related to an alteration in adrenergic nervous system development.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Enhanced effect of reserpine on growth-inhibitory action of ACNU on ACNU resistance C6 glioma].

Reserpine was found to enhance the effect of ACNU on ACNU-resistant C6 glioma (C6/ACNU). When reserpine was added to the culture medium at the concentration of 10 microM, the IC50 of ACNU for C6/ACNU was decreased to the level of that for C6. Intracellular uptake of ACNU increased in both resistant and sensitive cells when 10 microM reserpine was added to the culture medium. This phenomenon is more remarkable in C6/ACNU than in C6.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Biosynthesis of reserpine-like substances in myocardium and other human and animal tissues].

Biosynthesis of reserpine-like substances with participation of such radioactive precursors as formiate, methyl groups of S-adenosylmethionine, tryptophane, reserpine, etc. occurred in the homogenates, microsomes, and cytozol of different human and animal tissues. As suggested, endogenous reserpine-like substances participated in the autoregulation of free and bound biogenic amines level.

Acetates↗
PubMed1980

Monoamine replacement after reserpine: catecholaminergic agonists restore motor activity but phenylethylamine restores atropine-resistant neocortical low voltage fast activity.

A large dose of reserpine abolishes an atropine-resistant form of neocortical low voltage fast activity (LVFA) which normally accompanies certain patterns of motor activity in rats. An attempt was made to reverse this effect by replacement of specific monoamines or by injection of suitable agonists in rats pretreated with reserpine (10 mg/kg). The following compounds, alone or in various combinations, failed to restore atropine-resistant LVFA in reserpinized rats even though spontaneous motor activity was restored in many cases: L-DOPA (150-300 mg/kg) after pretreatment with an inhibitor of peripheral L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; 5-hydroxytryptophan (100-200 mg/kg); D-amphetamine (1-2 mg/kg); apomorphine (0.25-2.5 mg/kg); lysergic acid diethylamide (100-300 microgram/kg); and clonidine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg). In contrast beta-phenylethylamine was quite effective in restoring atropine-resistant LVFA and its effects were not diminished by pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (400 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (15 mg/kg). It is suggested that a trace amine plays an essential role in the production of atropine-resistant LVFA independent of catecholamines.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1982

Reserpine withdrawal psychosis: the possible role of denervation supersensitivity of receptors.

A case is reported in which abrupt cessation of long term reserpine therapy for hypertension was followed by hallucinations and mania. Reserpine is thought to induce a denervation sensitivity to dopamine in the basal ganglia and chemotactic trigger zone in man and to catecholaminergic agents in the basal ganglia and mesolimbic system in animals. Conceivably, a parallel supersensitivity in the mesolimbic area could have occurred in this patient and accounted for the psychiatric symptoms. This supersensitivity and the possibility that it may, like tardive dyskinesia, be persistent should be considered when reserpine or similar drugs are used for prolonged periods.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reserpine effect on gastric secretion during exercise and restitution in healthy subjects.

The purpose of the work was determination of reserpine effect on basal gastric secretion and on electrolytes in the gastric juice during exercise and restitution in 10 healthy men aged 20-24 years. Gastric secretion was determined during three successive hours: at rest, during exercise, and during restitution. The investigation was performed twice at an interval of 3-5 days. Before the second investigation all subjects received intramuscularly reserpine 2.5 mg. The exercise performed by each subject included work on a Monark cycle ergometer at a mean workload of 29280 +/- 5904 kpm/hour. Reserpine administration caused that during the exercise the value of BAO (basal acid output) was highly significantly increased (p less than 0.001) due to increased gastric juice volume (p less than 0.005) and hydrochloric acid concentration (p less than 0.001). Moreover, the total secretion of sodium and potassium with gastric juice was increased (p less than 0.005). These changes persisted also during restitution.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of reserpine on the development of neuropsychogenic hypertension in dogs.

The effects of reserpine on the blood pressure, heart rate, higher nervous activity and plasma catecholamine level during the development of neuropsychogenic hypertension induced by overstrain of the central nervous system have been studied in dogs. Overstrain (intensified tension) of the higher nervous activities was induced by a schedule or irregularly arranged strengthening of the conditional stimuli with electric stimuli on the skin. After completion of three stimulative periods, 4 of the 5 untreated control and 2 of the 5 reserpine-treated dogs were found to have developed hypertension. The blood pressure measured in Chamber A (the room for blood pressure measurement) was much lower than that measured in Chamber B, i.e. in the experimental environment. The results showed that reserpine may have some inhibitory influence on the development of this model of neuropsychogenic hypertension, yet it could not prevent its development completely.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Naloxone reversal of insulin-induced hypotension in reserpine pretreated rats.

The administration of insulin caused a gradual lowering of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in anaesthetized reserpinized rats. Injection of 1 mg/kg naloxone at the peak of the hypotension resulted in immediate restoration of blood pressure to pre-insulin control values. The recovery of the arterial blood pressure caused by naloxone lasted for 5 to 10 min and was entirely dependent on the reserpine pretreatment. The lowering of the blood pressure caused by insulin and the increase in systemic blood pressure after naloxone were of about the same magnitude in rats with bilateral denervation of the adrenal glands as in sham operated rats. It is concluded that in anaesthetized reserpinized rats, hypoglycemia causes the release of opiate-like material that mediates a hypotensive response. The origin, nature and site of action of this opioid activity is as yet not established, but does not appear to derive from the adrenal gland.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glucocorticoid kinetics in Cushing's syndrome treated with chloditane and large doses of reserpine].

The paper is concerned with the results of the studies on corticosteroid kinetics (secretion rate, distribution volume, metabolic blood clearance, mean daily blood cortisol content and excretion of free hormone with urine) in 44 patients suffering from Icenko-Cushing's disease, treated with chloditane and/or chloditane combined with massive reserpine doses. The above parameters increased in Icenko-Cushing's disease during clinical remission after chloditane or chloditane and reserpine treatment. No differences between effects on glucocorticoid secretion and metabolism after the treatment with chloditane or chloditane in combination with high reserpine doses were recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of chlorthalidone-reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide-methyldopa as step 2 therapy for hypertension.

Two fixed-combination drugs commonly used in the step 2 treatment of hypertension, chlorthalidone plus reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide plus methyldopa, were compared in an evaluation of efficacy and adverse reactions. Ninety-one percent of the chlorthalidone-reserpine group achieved diastolic blood pressures of 90 mmHg or lower compared with 55% of the hydrochlorothiazide-methyldopa group. The incidence of adverse reactions in the chlorthalidone-reserpine group was 31% compared with an incidence of 64% in the hydrochlorothiazide-methyldopa group.

Chlorthalidone↗
PubMed1980

Alterations in pharmacological responses of rabbit skeletal muscle by reserpine pretreatment.

In the present study the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation from rabbits pretreated with reserpine was used. Isometric twitch tension response was recorded. Concentration-response curves which demonstrated the neuromuscular blocking activity of d-tubocurarine were constructed. Curarized diaphragms were directly stimulated and concentration-response curves were made which demonstrated caffeine's ability to potentiate twitch tension. Pretreatment of rabbits with reserpine resulted in a potentiation of the effects of d-tubocurarine and caffeine. The present data indicate that pretreatment of rabbits with reserpine resulted in alteration of the in vitro responses of skeletal muscle to d-tubocurarine and caffeine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatomedin activity in cystic fibrosis and reserpinized rats: possible explanation for growth retardation.

Somatomedin activity in children who have cystic fibrosis is reduced to approximately 50 percent of the levels found in normal children. In contrast, the growth hormone concentration in these patients, both the resting and the stimulated levels, was found to be no different from normal children (17.2 and 18.4 ng per ml, respectively). Reserpinized rats have been proposed as a model for cystic fibrosis. Serum somatomedin activity in rats treated with reserpine (0.50 mg per kg per d x 7 days) was reduced to 30 percent of the levels measured in control rats. Reserpine also decreased radiosulfate incorporation into cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAGS) in vivo and in vitro. Fasting decreased serum somatomedin activity as well as the concentration of GAGS in rat cartilage. Refeeding for 24 hours restored these parameters to normal. These data suggest that one mechanism for the growth retardation occurring in patients who have cystic fibrosis may be explained by decreased serum somatomedin activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effects of reserpine on the granule-containing cells in the paracervical ganglion (Frankenhäuser) in mice: electron microscopic observations (author's transl)].

Effect of reserpine on granule-containing cells in the paracervical ganglion was electron microscopically studied. Adult mice were injected intraperitoneally with 3.5 mg of reserpine per kg of body weight daily for three days, and the fine structure of the granule-containing cells was observed by electron microscopy 24 hours after the last injection. In normal mice, as reported in a previous paper, the granule-contaning cells in the ganglion are morphologically classified into three types. Type I cells contain granular vesicles, which, varying in size and shape, 80 to 400 nm in diameter, are distributed through the cytoplasm. Type II cells have relatively small granular vesicles, 80 to 150 nm in diameter, which are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Type III cells have small granular vesicles, 80 to 150 nm in diameter, in the peripheral zone of the cytoplasm. The proportions of type I, II, and III cells are 82%, 11%, 7%, respectively. After injections of reserpine, the proportions of type I, II, and III cells are 16%, 50%, and 33%, respectively. The findings were discussed in relation to the functional significance of granule-containing cells in the paracervical ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Reserpine abolishes movement-correlated atropine-resistant neocortical low voltage fast activity.

Following a large dose of atropine, rats display large amplitude slow waves in the neocortex during immobility, tremor, tooth-chattering and face-washing (Type II behavior) but display low voltage fast activity (LVFA) during walking, struggling, postural changes and head movement (Type I behavior). Rats treated with a large dose of reserpine usually continue to display LVFA during immobility as well as during movement although large amplitude slow waves are present more frequently than normal. A combination of reserpine and atropine abolishes all LVFA even during intense sensory stimulation or electrical stimulation of the reticular formation. Chlorpromazine, lysergic acid diethylamide, methysergide, phenoxybenzamine, pimozide, promethazine, propranolol and trifluoperazine do not have this effect when combined with atropine. In rats treated with nialamide prior to reserpine and atropine, LVFA continues to occur in association with Type I behavior just as in rats given atropine alone. It is proposed that the occurrence of LVFA in the neocortex is determined by two distinct reticulocortical systems. A cholinergic system produces all LVFA occurring during Type II behavior and a second system, dependent on a monoamine, produces LVFA in association with Type I behavior. The view that LVFA is a correlation of arousal or the sleep-waking cycle is criticized.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Regional differences in the effects of denervation, cocaine and chronic reserpine administration on the responses of the rat vas deferens to norepinephrine and acetylcholine.

The prostatic half and epididymal half of the rat vas deferens was found to show the difference with respect to both the sensitivity (expressed as the geometric mean ED50) and maximal response to norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The epididymal half was more sensitive to both drugs than the prostatic half; the maximal response to norepinephrine was greater in the epididymal half than in the prostatic half. Effects of denervation, 10-6 M cocaine and chronic administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg/day for 5 days) on the responses to the drugs were also found to be qualitatively and/or quantitatively different between the two halves. In the epididymal half, all these procedures produced supersensitivity to acetylcholine as well as to norepinephrine. Whereas, in the prostatic half, supersensitivity to only norepinephrine was observed; the responses to acetylcholine were more or less depressed, accompanied by little change in the sensitivity, by these procedures. Degree of supersensitivity (ED50 control/ED50 treated) to norepinephrine produced by denervation was greater in the prostatic half than in the epididymal half. However, in the case of cocaine or reserpine, there was little difference in the degrees of the two halves. In both halves, the maximal response to norepinephrine was increased by denervation and cocaine, but not by reserpine. The magnitude of such increase in the prostatic half was greater and less, after denervation and cocaine, than that in the epididymal half, respectively. Only cocaine increased the maximal response of the epididymal half to acetylcholine. These results are discussed in relation to those previously obtained using whole vas deferens.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactions between reserpine and anticonvulsants on convulsion parameters.

Reserpine lowered the MET and this lowering of MET was antagonized by chloridaze-poxide but not by acetazoleamide and phenytoin. With increasing doses of reserpine the extension time in an MES test was increased and this was antagonized by all anticonvulsants tested namely acetazolamide, chlordiazepoxide, phenytoin and propranolol. High doses of reserpine abolished flexion component and this was restored by propranolol, phenytoin, atropine, chlordiazepoxide and acetazolamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of reserpine on grooming parameters in rats].

The analysis of data of the graphic registration of grooming showed that prolonged injections of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg of weight) induce phasic changes on the stereotype grooming movements. During the period when the noradrenergic influence is pronounced (the 1st day of injection of reserpine) grooming movements are inhibited, their duration is diminished, especially of washing movements. During the period when the noradrenergic influence is weakened (the 2nd and the 3rd days after injections) grooming movements are activated and the duration of every movement is prolonged; moreover, they unite into long "chains" of movements. During the period when dopaminergic influence is weakened (the 4th and the 5th days) tremor ensues, grooming is depressed except for "shaking-down" movements whose quantity and duration increase. Reserpine does not influence in any noticeable degree on h the frequency of grooming movements of adult rats.

Animals↗