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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The Kraske operation for carcinoma of the rectum.

Kraske's methodology was classic: develop the operation in the laboratory, try it initially on patients as a last resort and, if it works, expand its use to patients with less severe disease. His operation immediately gained acceptance and was popular for the next quarter of a century. It was subsequently modified by Hochenagg, Billroth and Rydygier. These men merely altered the amount or manner of sacral removal. The operation was largely abandoned after Miles (3) showed that the lymphatic spread from carcinoma of the rectum is toward the liver. Kraske's procedure, however, stands as a landmark in preantibiotic operations on the colon. Combined with abdominal exploration, this type of procedure can be used to preserve the anus in certain instances of carcinoma of the rectum today.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1986

[Prognostication of late radiation injuries of the bladder and rectum in patients with cancer of the cervix uteri].

The paper is concerned with the method for prediction of late radiation injuries of the bladder and rectum in patients with cervical carcinoma. The method was based on the assessment of early radiation reactions of these organs. A comparative assessment of 4 methods of radiotherapy of patients with cervical carcinoma was done. The prognostic value of the method was confirmed. It was shown that homogeneous gamma-beam irradiation of the pelvis increased the risk of development of late radiation injuries. The local use of dimethylsulphoxide was a method for the prevention of injuries of the bladder and rectum in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1986

[Relation between lymphogenous metastasis of cancer of the rectum and the structure and function of the lymphatic bed].

Lymph vessels of the rectum in health and during early stages of metastasizing rectal cancer were studied. It was shown that changes occurring at this stage constitute the "cascade" process whose stages are determined by 3 structural elements of the rectal lymphatic vasculature, i. e. capillary, postcapillary, and vessel. Compensatory adaptive changes in the lymphatic routes in rectal cancer and in cases of secondary metastases to the rectum were examined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Chronic effects of neutrons and charged particles on spinal cord, lung, and rectum.

The effects of multifraction irradiation with X rays, neutrons, and pions on the rat cervical and lumbar spinal cord, mouse lung, and rat rectum have been investigated. The linear-quadratic model was used to analyze the effectiveness per unit dose for various tissue responses. It is concluded that the dependence of tolerance doses on fraction size is considerably reduced for both intermediate (pions) and high-LET (neutrons) radiations, as shown by the observed alpha/beta ratios in the range of 20-50. With accurately defined alpha/beta values for various tissues and types of radiation, the same tolerance formalisms can be used as proposed for low-LET radiation. The effectiveness of pion irradiation shows a significant dependence on dose rate when treatment times are long and repair of subeffective damage occurs during the irradiations. For late effects in spinal cord, lung, and rectum, RBE values of pions are 1.5 or less at doses per fraction in the range of 1.2-4.5 Gy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Prevention of radiation damage to the bladder and rectum using local application of dimethyl sulfoxide].

A method for the prevention of radiation injuries of the urinary bladder and rectum for cervical cancer patients was worked out. It was based on the local application of the radioprotective agent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) before a session of interstitial irradiation with the AGAT-B apparatus. Concomitant radiation therapy with DMSO was provided to 22 cervical cancer patients. The control group included 59 patients who received similar treatment without DMSO. The expression of early reactions and late injuries of the rectum and urinary bladder were significantly lower in the DMSO group. A radioprotective DMSO effect with relation to tumor was not found.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age and the effect of proserine on the contractile response of the rectum and inhibition of its cholinesterase in rats].

The motor reaction of the rectum strips in rats of 4 age groups and inhibition of its cholinesterase with proserine were studied. To low proserine concentrations (1.10(-8)-1.10(-6) M) the intestine of 1-week old rattlings was found to react only by relaxation, contractions appearing only with a concentration of 1.10(-5) M. The maximal contractile reaction of the intestine to proserine was found to occur in 4-week old rattlings. The cholinesterase activity in the rectum of 1-week old rattlings is lower, and in the 4-week old ones higher than in adult animals. The inhibition of cholinesterase occurs in all the age groups from a minimal tested proserine concentration (1.10(10) M), gaining in strength parallel with increasing concentration. The maximum inhibition of the enzyme was found to occur in the 4-week old rattlings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The endocrine cells of the rectum of adult ox.

In order to identify the endocrine cell types in various parts of the Ruminant gut, we have applied ultrastructural, both morphological and cytochemical, techniques, in parallel to the histochemical ones, to study the rectal mucosa of the adult Ox. In these studies we show that: "EC" cells, of the intestinal type, contain predominantly pleiomorphic granules, which are very electron dense and heavily reactive to "Masson" and "Grimelius" methods; "L" cells are recognizable by their numerous granules, which are fairly homogeneous in shape and osmiophilia. They do not react with "Masson" and are weak or negative to Grimelius s reaction. These granules occur near to others that are less dense, unreactive to "Masson", and that contain an argyrophilic matrix, with an eccentric electron dense core, which does not react with silver; "F-like" cells contain granules which are variable in shape, size and osmiophilia. They are unreactive to "Masson" and weak or unreactive to Grimelius silver; "H" cells contain few, small and uniformly osmiophilic granules. These are unreactive to "Masson" and uniformly reactive to "Grimelius". Our data suggest that the morphology, frequency and distribution of the cell types we have identified in the mucosa of the bovine rectum correspond with those reported in large intestine and rectum of Monogastrics, as by other authors described.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1979

The endocrine cells of the rectum of adult ox.

In order to identify the endocrine cell types in various parts of the Ruminant gut, we have applied ultrastructural, both morphological and cytochemical, techniques, in parallel to the histochemical ones, to study the rectal mucosa of the adult Ox. In these studies we show that: "EC" cells, of the intestinal type, contain predominantly pleiomorphic granules, which are very electron dense and heavily reactive to "Masson" and "Grimelius" methods; "L" cells are recognizable by their numerous granules, which are fairly homogeneous in shape and osmiophilia. They do not react with "Masson" and are weak or negative to Grimelius's reaction. These granules occur near to others that are less dense, unreactive to "Masson", and that contain an argyrophilic matrix, with an eccentric electron dense core, which does not react with silver; "F-like" cells contain granules which are variable in shape, size and osmiophilia. They are unreactive to "Masson" and weak or unreactive to Grimelius silver; "H" cells contain few, small and uniformly osmiophilic granules. These are unreactive to "Masson" and uniformly reactive to "Grimelius". Our data suggest that the morphology, frequency and distribution of the cell types we have identified in the mucosa of the bovine rectum correspond with those reported in large intestine and rectum of Monogastrics, as by other authors described.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1979

[Transvaginal drainage in rectum amputations].

In cases of abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum, a monobloc excision of the posterior vaginal wall and the rectum is performed. The flaps thus formed are rotated and sutured to the side-walls of the cavity. The perineal fat is approximated and the skin sutured. The "new vagina" is packed. The vaginal epithelium covers in less than three weeks the posterior raw area reconstituting a normal vagina. The packing is irrigated daily with an antiseptic. Postoperative cares are more easier.

Drainage↗
PubMed1984

[Daily rectal bleeding caused by venous angiodysplasia of the rectum].

The authors report a case of venous angiodysplasia of the rectum in a child. This 5 years old boy presented rectal bleeding about each day. The treatment was abdomino-anal pull through resection of the rectum. The localisation of this malformation is quite exceptional in the literature.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Colonization of Candida albicans in vagina, rectum, and mouth.

To better understand the frequency of appearance, the density of growth, and the most common sites in which female patients harbor Candida albicans, a study was initiated of all patients receiving a pelvic examination for any reason at a solo family practice office. From February 1980 to November 1981, 341 pelvic examinations were accompanied by cultures and colony counts of the vagina, rectum, and mouth. A semiquantitative method adapted to Microstix-Candida (Ames Company) was utilized. Only 39 percent of all examinations had negative cultures in all three sites. Twenty-three percent of the positive cultures for C albicans were found from the vagina, 41 percent from the rectum, and 34 percent from the mouth. Incidence of colonization in any site did not vary significantly from 16 to 75 years of age. Negative rectal colonization was associated with lower vaginal colony counts and less frequent vaginal symptomatology. Relatively high vaginal colony count was associated with symptomatic vaginal candidiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Biochemical demonstration of HCO3--und Cl--dependent ATPase activities in the rectum of larval dragonflies and inhibition of rectal chloride uptake by thiocyanate (author's transl)].

Hydrogencarbonate and chloride activated, ouabain-insensitive ATPase activities are demonstrated in the salt-absorbing rectum of larval dragonflies. Maximal activation is achieved at approx. 30 mM HCO3- and 20 mM Cl-, respectively. The stimulation of each anion obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics Km values are 4.65 mM for HCO3-- and 10.25 mM for Cl--activation. The activating anion of one type of ATPase simultaneously exerts an inhibitory effect on the other. Cl--activation is also reduced by Mg.ATP in concentrations above 0.5 mM and by Tris-Hepes buffer exceeding 2.5 mM. Both anion-dependent ATPase activities are found enriched in subcellular membraneous fractions of the rectum. Thiocyanate inhibits both activities and causes a significant decrease in rectal uptake of radioactive chloride from hypo-osmotic external solution. In the case of HCO3- dependent ATPase a competitive inhibition as SCN- was found with an inhibitor constant of Ki=0.5 mM.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Sequential electrocoagulation and resection for carcinoma of the rectum.

Sequential electrocoagulation followed by resection of carcinoma of the rectum provides better survival results than have been previously obtained. More than 200 patients have been treated by this combined approach during the past ten years. The over-all five year survival rate is 67 per cent. The preferred method of treatment is sequential electrocoagulation followed by low anterior resection. When this procedure was done, 55 of the 65 patients have survived a minimum of five years. If abdominoperineal resection is necessary, the over-all survival rate is 61 per cent. The specific advantages of sequential electrocoagulation and resection are several. This procedure is safe and relatively easy to do. Electrocoagulation may be done at the time of initial biopsy as part of the preoperative evaluation. The usual interval between electrocoagulation and resection is three to five days. This may be longer in selected instances. Preoperative electrocoagulation of carcinoma of the rectum helps to prevent local recurrence on anastomoses and in the perineum. Local recurrence occurred in only 5 per cent of the patients. Electrocoagulation destroys rectal tumor cells in an area in which vascular isolation technique and wide resection of the mesentery are not possible. The efficacy of electrocoagulation in destroying tumor cells is confirmed by pathologic study of our clinical material. Combining electrocoagulation with resection may extend the limits of low anterior resection for favorable lesions allowing use of sphincter-saving procedures with less likelihood of local recurrence. Electrocoagulation, radiation therapy and surgical treatment are not mutually exclusive treatment methods. Rather, we view these modalities as complimentary in offering the potential for additive benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The parasacral approach to the rectum.

The posterior parasacral approach to the rectum is well-suited to several benign conditions and may occasionally be indicated in malignant rectal disorder. The York Mason modification of the Kraske procedure permits preservation of the sphincters and preservation of anal continence. The procedure is recommended as part of a surgeon's repertoire in operations on the rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Local recurrence following anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum with a stapled anastomosis.

Forty-four patients underwent an anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum using the EEA stapling device. After a two-year follow-up period, two patients had developed a local recurrence alone, and four a local recurrence in the presence of disseminated disease. These were compared to a group of 108 patients with carcinoma of the rectum who had an anterior resection with a hand-sewn anastomosis. There was no difference in the incidence of local recurrence between the two groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Treatment of encopresis in children by electrostimulation of the rectum].

Under observation were 36 children with functional incontinence of feces (encopresis). In the first group of patients (17 children) where no electrostimulation of the rectum was used 12 children were cured. In the second group (19 children) stimulation of the rectum by diadynamic currents resulted in complete recovery of 18 children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced biphasic responses of fowl rectum.

The present study investigated the mechanism of the biphasic action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on isolated fowl rectum. 5-HT (2.6 X 10(-6) M) very often produced a biphasic response i.e., an initial relaxation followed by contraction. Tetrodotoxin completely abolished the relaxatory component and partially inhibited the contraction. On the Remak's nerve denervated preparation (in which the non-adrenergic inhibitory and non-cholinergic excitatory neural elements are eliminated), 5-HT produced only contraction. Lysergic acid diethylamide or methysergide completely blocked the contractile component and significantly inhibited the relaxation. Caffeine, given alone, reduced the relaxation without affecting the contraction caused by 5-HT. Atropine, mepyramine, propranolol, pentolinium or indomethacin did not alter the biphasic responses to 5-HT. Thus, it is concluded that the 5-HT-induced relaxation is mediated by non-adrenergic inhibitory neurons, while the contractions of the fowl rectum are partly due to a direct myogenic action and partly mediated by an indirect stimulation of non-cholinergic excitatory neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic responses of the rainbow lizard isolated rectum to transmural electrical stimulation.

The non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic responses of the rainbow lizard (Agama agama Linn.) isolated rectum to transmural electrical stimulation have been examined in an effort to characterise them. In the presence of atropine (2 microM) and guanethidine (10 microM), tetanic transmural electrical stimulation (at 20 Hz) induced, in most of the preparations examined, a rapid initial relaxation (primary relaxation), which changed during the stimulation period into a contraction (primary contraction) followed by a rebound contraction (secondary contraction), which subsided at the end of the stimulus and was followed, in most preparations, by a relaxation (secondary relaxation) of variable extent and duration. Noradrenaline (1-10 microM) reduced or markedly inhibited the cholinergic muscle twitches, and decreased the various phases of the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic muscle contractions, especially at low frequencies of stimulation (less than or equal to 10 Hz). At higher frequencies (greater than or equal to 20 Hz), ATP (5-10 microM) increased the primary relaxation, decreased the contractile phases, and inhibited post-tetanic inhibition induced by non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve stimulation. Theophylline (0.1-1.0 microM) increased the primary and rebound contractions with no marked influence on the primary or secondary relaxation. Quinidine (5-50 microM) enhanced the primary relaxation, slightly inhibited the rebound contraction, but inhibited the primary contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that the P1 and P2 purinergic receptors proposed by Burnstock (10) are unlikely to mediate the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic postsynaptic responses of the rainbow lizard isolated rectum.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗