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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Use of generic software programs in management of patient records and clinical research.

As personal computers become more cost-effective and user-friendly, they are bound to play an increasing role in the practice of medicine. This article is a description of how a commercially available database system adapted for medical record keeping has greatly facilitated the storage and retrieval of information. The designation of a data file for storage of patient records through the use of the systems menus, data entry, and conduct of searches for particular bits of data are described. Unique features such as custom-tailored computer reminders and project-specific programming are recommended as ways to improve the effectiveness of patient care and clinical research. When a single database system is used, the cost in terms of time, money and expertise is dramatically decreased, allowing the physician to optimize all aspects of the practice of medicine of exploiting computer technology with minimal to no knowledge of computer languages and/or programming.

Gynecology↗
PubMed2006

A software framework for surgical simulation virtual environments.

Surgical simulators are an integration of many models, capabilities, and functions. Development of a working simulator requires the flexibility to integrate various software models, to support interoperability, and facilitate performance optimizations. An object oriented framework is devised to support multithreaded integration of simulation, deformation, and interaction. A demonstration application has been implemented in Java, leveraging the features that are built into the language including multithreading, synchronization, and serialization. Future work includes expanding the capabilities of the framework with a broader range of model and interactive capabilities.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1997

On some operations suggested by genome evolution.

Three operations involved in the genome evolution namely, inversion, transposition and duplication, are considered as operations on strings and languages. We show that, for any pair of these operations, there is a language family which is closed under one of the operations and not closed under the second one, however, under some mild conditions the closure of a language family under one of the operations implies that it also closed with respect to another one.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2002

Verification of temporal scheduling constraints in clinical practice guidelines.

The computerization of clinical practice guidelines is a significant scientific challenge for the medical informatics community. One frequently reported factor hindering this objective is the existence of deficiencies within guideline knowledge. In this paper, we focus on the detection of flaws within temporal scheduling constraints. Temporal scheduling constraints are important elements of therapy management, and are frequently incorporated in clinical practice guidelines. We present a suitable verification method that is based on calculating the minimal network of temporal constraints on the execution of guideline activities. Our method serves three purposes: (1) it checks whether temporal scheduling constraints are consistent with scheduling constraints implied by control flow operators and the hierarchical structuring of a guideline; (2) it yields suggestions for an equivalent, yet more explicit representation of non-minimal constraints; (3) it can be used by the guideline interpreter to assemble feasible time intervals for the execution of each guideline activity. We evaluate our approach by applying it to a guideline specified in the Asbru language. For this purpose, we implemented a prototype verifier. Although we concentrate on the guideline representation language Asbru as the demonstration medium of our method within this paper, our approach can be reused to verify several alternative guideline representation formats.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Integrated access to metabolic and genomic data.

The EcoCyc system consists of a knowledge base (KB) that describes the genes and intermediary metabolism of Escherichia coli, and a graphical user interface (GUI) for accessing that knowledge. This paper addresses two problems: How can we create a GUI that provides integrated access to metabolic and genomic data? We describe the design and implementation of visual presentations that closely mimic those found in the biology literature, and that offer hypertext navigation among related entities, and multiple views of the same entity. We employ a frame knowledge representation system (FRS) called HyperTHEO to manage the EcoCyc knowledge base. Among the advantages of FRSs are an expressive data model for capturing the complexities of biological information, and schema-evolution capabilities that facilitate the constant schema changes that biological databases tend to undergo. HyperTHEO also includes rule-based inference facilities that are the foundation of expert systems, a constraint language for maintaining data integrity, and a declarative query language. A graphic KB editor and browser allow the EcoCyc developers to interactively inspect and modify this evolving KB.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1999

Syntactic analysis and languages of shape feature description in computer-aided diagnosis and recognition of cancerous and inflammatory lesions of organs in selected x-ray images.

We present new algorithms for the recognition of morphologic changes and shape feature analysis, which have been proposed to be used in a diagnosis of pathologic symptoms characteristic of cancerous and inflammatory lesions. These methods have been used so far for early detection and diagnosis of neoplastic changes in pancreas and chronic pancreatitis based on x-ray images acquired by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Preliminary processing of x-ray images involves binarization, and, subsequently, pancreatic ducts shown in the pictures are subjected to the straightening transformation, which enables obtaining two-dimensional width graphs that show contours of objects with their morphologic changes. Recognition of such changes was performed using attributed context-free grammars. Correct description and diagnosis of some symptoms (e.g., large cavitary projections) required two-dimensional analysis of width graphs. In such cases, languages of shape feature description with special multidirectional sinquad distribution were additionally applied.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

A graph conceptual model for developing Human Genome Center databases.

We have developed a representation of genome data which has proven itself useful for describing data at a Human Genome Center. Genomic data have a graph-like structure and representing the concepts and relationships of genetics as a graph simplifies the development of databases for genome laboratories. Graphs are a comfortable communication medium for biologists and computer scientists and graph diagrams assist in the development of databases by facilitating the exchange of expertise. We have tailored a graph language for modeling genomic data and describe our process of using graphs to develop genome databases.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1984

Communication and related problems as perceived by aphasic individuals and their spouses.

Aphasics' and spouses' perceptions of the presence and degree of bothersomeness of communication-related problems and whether enrollment in a language treatment program affected these perceptions were examined. Aphasic-spouse perceptions were more concordant in the treated group; aphasic patients in the untreated group reported their problems did not bother them. Type and severity of aphasia were not related either to the reported frequency or to the degree of bothersomeness of problems. Interview data from spouses revealed that the speech-language pathologists' role extended beyond solely providing information about language behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Imaging and automated detection of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pupae in hard red winter wheat.

Computed tomography, an imaging technique commonly used for diagnosing internal human health ailments, uses multiple x-rays and sophisticated software to recreate a cross-sectional representation of a subject. The use of this technique to image hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivm L., samples infested with pupae of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) was investigated. A software program was developed to rapidly recognize and quantify the infested kernels. Samples were imaged in a 7.6-cm (o.d.) plastic tube containing 0, 50, or 100 infested kernels per kg of wheat. Interkernel spaces were filled with corn oil so as to increase the contrast between voids inside kernels and voids among kernels. Automated image processing, using a custom C language software program, was conducted separately on each 100 g portion of the prepared samples. The average detection accuracy in the five infested kernels per 100-g samples was 94.4 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- SD, n = 10), whereas the average detection accuracy in the 10 infested kernels per 100-g sample was 87.3 +/- 7.9% (n = 10). Detection accuracy in the 10 infested kernels per 100-g samples was slightly less than the five infested kernels per 100-g samples because of some infested kernels overlapping with each other or air bubbles in the oil. A mean of 1.2 +/- 0.9 (n = 10) bubbles (per tube) was incorrectly classed as infested kernels in replicates containing no infested kernels. In light of these positive results, future studies should be conducted using additional grains, insect species, and life stages.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

MDA-based EHR application security services.

Component-oriented, distributed, virtual EHR systems have to meet enhanced security and privacy requirements. In the context of advanced architectural paradigms such as component-orientation, model-driven, and knowledge-based, standardised security services needed have to be specified and implemented in an integrated way following the same paradigm. This concerns the deployment of formal models, meta-languages, reference models such as the ISO RM-ODP, and development as well as implementation tools. International projects' results presented proceed on that streamline.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

A simple mechanism for sharing and transporting medical digital case information across disparate computer language and data storage environments.

It is challenging to remotely share generic medical case information without an agreed upon definition of a medical digital teaching file (DTF). By utilizing an application of the extensible markup language (XML) called web-distributed data exchange (WDDX) along with an agreed upon WDDX structure, it is technically easy to share or syndicate medical case DTFs across computing environments that use different information models and computer languages. Thus, this easily implemented technology offers us an immediately available means to share and increase the value of scientific knowledge.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

[Identification of radiopharmaceutical transport models in functional radionuclide diagnosis].

The paper is devoted to the problems of assessment of structural identification of parameters of compartmental models, employed for processing of the results of radionuclide investigations of function of various physiological systems. Methods for assessment of structural identifiability and a regularized algorithm for the identification of parameters of linear and nonlinear compartmental models of almost any structure were proposed. The algorithm possesses a high rate of convergence of the iteration searching process and a low sensitivity to errors of measurements. It was implemented as a software package in Pascal language and utilized on a RDR 11/34 computer for processing the results of radionuclide diagnosis (using 99mTc-COREN) of function of the reticuloendothelial system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

One vendor's experience: preliminary development of a reminder system based on the Arden Syntax.

This article reviews the efforts of HBO & Company in the production of a first phase clinical alerting system based on the Arden Syntax. The alerting system was integrated with a clinical data repository and clinical workstation to process returning laboratory results. Investigations with expert systems resulted in a C language alerting system. GUI prototyping of an authoring environment led to a Smalltalk language authoring system. Future development is expected to broaden the system scope and address the evolution of the Arden Syntax.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

KBSIM: a system for interactive knowledge-based simulation.

The KBSIM system integrates quantitative simulation with symbolic reasoning techniques, under the control of a user interface management system, using a relational database management system for data storage and interprocess communication. The system stores and processes knowledge from three distinct knowledge domains, viz. (i) knowledge about the processes of the system under investigation, expressed in terms of a Continuous System Simulation Language (CSSL); (ii) heuristic knowledge on how to reach the goals of the simulation experiment, expressed in terms of a Rule Description Language (RDL); and (iii) knowledge about the requirements of the intended users, expressed in terms of a User Interface Description Language (UIDL). The user works in an interactive environment controlling the simulation course with use of a mouse and a large screen containing a set of 'live' charts and forms. The user is assisted by an embedded 'expert system' module continuously watching both the system's behavior and the user's action, and producing alerts, alarms, comments and advice. The system was developed on a Hewlett-Packard 9000/350 workstation under the HP-Unix and HP-Windows operating systems, using the MIMER database management system, and Fortran, Prolog/Lisp and C as implementation languages. The KBSIM system has great potentials for supporting problem solving, design of working procedures and teaching related to management of highly dynamic systems.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

LSTSQ: a module for reliable constrained and unconstrained nonlinear regression.

A software module for nonlinear regression analysis, based on the reliable Meyer-Roth algorithm (a modified damped least square algorithm), is presented. It allows both constrained and unconstrained optimization, and the use of a variety of weighting methods. Virtually any nonlinear function can be fitted, including those with several nondependent variables. The package has been thoroughly tested, and is available in several common computer languages (Pascal, Modula-2 and C). It is easy to use, and advanced knowledge of mathematics or computers is not essential. Standard test problems, and a fully working example of use on enzyme kinetics are included.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Part-of relations in anatomy ontologies: a proposal for RDFS and OWL formalisations.

Part-of relations are central to anatomy. However, the definition, formalisation and use of part-of in anatomy ontologies is problematic. This paper surveys existing formal approaches, as well as the use of part-of in the Open Biological Ontologies (OBO) anatomies of model species. Based on this analysis, we propose a minimal ontology for anatomy which is expressed in the Semantic Web languages RDFS and OWL-Full. The paper concludes with a description of the context of this work in capturing cross-species tissue homologies and analogies.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

XML representation of hierarchical classification systems: from conceptual models to real applications.

With the introduction of the ICD-10 as the standard for diagnosis, the development of an electronic representation of its complete content, inherent semantics and coding rules is necessary. Our concept refers to current efforts of the CEN/TC 251 to establish a European standard for hierarchical classification systems in healthcare. We have developed an electronic representation of the ICD-10 with the extensible Markup Language (XML) that facilitates the integration in current information systems or coding software taking into account different languages and versions. In this context, XML offers a complete framework of related technologies and standard tools for processing that helps to develop interoperable applications.

International Classification of Diseases↗