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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Motives of the career choice and expectations of the profession in nursing students].

Motivation in the choice of a career. What expectations do students-to-be have of nursing? Various groups of nursing students (n = 267) were questioned about reasons for their choice of career, and comparisons were made. In contrast to earlier research findings, there was a multitude of motives. One can no longer assume that nursing students are a homogeneous group. The intrinsic motivation, that of wanting to be useful, is still high, as in previous investigations. Extrinsic reasons (s.a. pay, conditions of work, etc.) which were previously hardly mentioned at all, have increasing importance. A further new reason given for the choice of the career is the opportunity it offers for personal development. It is no longer enough to assume that for future students the motivation of wanting to be useful can be taken for granted, and that all that is necessary for maintaining it, are satisfactory working conditions. In order to ensure job satisfaction and to prevent frustration it will be essential to create conditions which ensure that the motivation to be useful remains intact but which also promote personal growth and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Case report: acquired antisocial personality disorder associated with unilateral left orbital frontal lobe damage.

We report on our analysis of a patient who developed personality changes which strongly resembled an antisocial personality disorder after surgical resection of a pituitary tumor. Despite behavioral changes that were obvious to friends, family and health care professionals, formal neuropsychological and personality testing revealed no specific cognitive deficits or psychopathology. We hypothesize that damage to a circumscribed region of the left orbitofrontal cortex, illustrated by magnetic resonance imaging, underlies these personality alterations. In contrast to previous reports, which ascribe such personality changes to bilateral frontal lobe injury, we suggest that unilateral frontal lobe damage alone may have resulted in the development of this syndrome.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[The mental health status of urban adolescents with nondelinquent and delinquent behaviors].

Mental health was examined in two representative selections of urban adolescents of 15-17 years old: with nondelinquent (n = 624) and delinquent (n = 106) behaviour. The complex of sociomedical, psychological, sociological and statistic methods was applied. High frequency of mental pathology as well as a low level of mental health were revealed in the groups examined, especially in delinquent adolescents. There were determined some differences between the groups in frequencies of separate forms of mental disorders. In nondelinquent adolescents there were most frequently observed borderline mental disorders of subclinical level as well as neuroses; there weren't observed the states of borderline intellectual insufficiency in such individuals. Pathocharacterological personal development, alcoholism, neurotic- and psychopathic-like disorders were more frequently observed in delinquent teenagers. There was determined the leading role of personal psychological behavioral factors in development of considerable mental disorders in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Female "tweens" and sexual development.

Sexual development as a component of interpersonal relationships is essential to healthy personality development. Nurses, as health professionals who advise and counsel "tweens" (early adolescent females) in a variety of settings, have important roles to play in promoting their healthy sexual development. To date, empirical documentation has contributed to health professionals' ability to describe factors that influence early sexual debuts, but it has contributed minimally to their understanding of the processes of sexual development. The purposes of this article are (a) to generate thoughtful discussions about the sexual development of early adolescent females and (b) to discuss how societal constructions of female sexual development and identity create particular challenges for open communication about sexual expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personal exposure and health effect relationship for NO2 with urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio as indicator.

Establishment of an exposure-effect relationship was attempted between personal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio of approximately 800 adult women, who were mothers of primary schoolchildren living in two communities around Tokyo. Daily average of the personal NO2 exposure (ENO2) was measured during wintertime by a newly developed personal monitor exposed for 24 hours. The hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio (HOP:C) in the urine sample collected early in the morning of the day for ENO2 measurement was used as a biochemical indicator of the health effect of NO2 exposure. The HOP:C was found to have significant correlation with ENO2 and number of cigarettes smoked actively and passively. ENO2, however, had no correlation with the intensity of the smoking levels; they might affect HOP:C independently. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that HOP:C could be predicted by ENO2 and smoking habits at a high confidence level. The regression analysis of the active smokers' group indicated that a few cigarettes was enough to increase the HOP:C, while in the case of passive smoking, HOP:C increased proportionally to the number of cigarettes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The spiritual aspects of dying at home.

Paterson and Zderad's humanistic nursing theory can be used to meet the spiritual needs of terminally ill persons in the home setting. The spiritual needs, as identified by Highfield and Cason, are applied to the hospice patient. The comforts of the home environment and humanistic nursing practice are integrated in the "meetings" between dying persons, their families, and hospice nurses. These meetings contribute to fulfilling the spiritual needs of terminally ill persons. Hospice nurses practicing holistic nursing and using caring behaviors help dying persons develop a "more-being" in themselves as the triad of person, family, and nurse share the lived experiences.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative assessment of subclinical spasticity in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) seropositive and seronegative women for symptoms and signs of spasticity. BACKGROUND: Infection with HTLV-I causes tropical spastic paraparesis/ HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Certain populations, including female commercial sex workers (FSW), are at increased risk of developing this infection. Fewer than 5% of HTLV-I-seropositive persons develop TSP/HAM, which is typically associated with spasticity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 255 registered FSW in Callao, Perú, involving a questionnaire detailing demographics and neurologic symptoms, standard neurologic examination, quantitative assessment of spasticity (QSA) of muscle tone, and serologic testing for HTLV-I. Participants and examiners were blinded to serology results. RESULTS: On the questionnaire and neurologic examination, none of the 32 HTLV-I-seropositive or 223 seronegative women had signs or symptoms of spasticity. However, mean values on QSA were significantly higher among seropositive women (27.1 Newton-meters/radian [N-m/r]) than among seronegative women (21.6 N-m/r, p = 0.01), indicating a subclinical increase in lower extremity tone. With values of QSA divided into tertiles, and the first tertile serving as the comparison group, the odds ratio for seropositivity was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 2.0) in the second and 3.1 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) in the third tertile, after adjusting for age and place of birth. CONCLUSIONS: Although a standard neurologic evaluation could not distinguish between women with and without HTLV-I infection, QSA indicated significantly increased lower extremity tone in those with infection. Long-term follow-up will determine whether these subclinical findings in asymptomatic women progress to overt TSP/HAM.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

MMPI factor scale differences among heroin addicts differing in race and admission status.

Predictions that personalities of compulsive heroin users differ as a function of ethnicity and admission status were tested in an analysis of covariance design (covariates: age, intelligence, and socioeconomic status) using four MMPI factor scales as personality measures (i.e., anxiety, repression, somatization, and unconventionality). Those volunteering for treatment (n = 260) expressed significantly more anxiety and somatization than nonvolunteers (n = 67); White heroin users (n = 144) registered significantly more anxiety and repression than Blacks (n = 183). These findings, contraindicating the notion that one personality characteristic is associated with heroin addiction, underscore the necessity for developing personality typologies before assessing the role of psychosocial dimensions in theories and treatment of heroin addiction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The clinical laboratory of the future: re-aligning the human resources.

The first article in this series focussed on the laboratory process as a complete entity. Reengineering this process results in a totally new way of delivering value to the user of the laboratory services. Current thinking and assumptions about an organization, roles, procedures and skills are set aside and a new framework developed. The people are a key component in any change process and their involvement is essential for the project to succeed. Communication, understanding, participation, skill development and ultimately new roles are all part of an exciting personal development opportunity.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

[Study on subclinical infection with M. leprae--a follow-up].

In this article, we reported the results of studies on the rates of subclinical infection (SI) among leprosy contacts and a follow-up using PGL-I-ELISA. The results indicated that: (1) the rates of SI were higher in household contacts than those in around population; (2) factors such as type of leprosy, degree of contact affected the development of SI; (3) among 97 followed-up contacts, one person developed clinical leprosy in the second year; (4) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were seen in the skin or peripheral blood of some subjects, some factors affecting SI, and the significance of AFB in skin and blood are discussed in detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Creatine phosphokinase levels in children with severe developmental disturbances.

Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were studied in individuals: 40 psychotic children suffering from childhood autism, atypical personality development, and childhood schizophrenia; five children with childhood aphasia; 22 children with severe personality disorders; 29 normal children and normal siblings of psychotic children; and 14 normal parents of psychotic children. Creatine phosphokinase levels from the entire population of adults and children were normally disturbed, and the mean CPK levels for the eight diagnostic groups were within normal limits. Those 22 children with personality disorders had significantly higher CPK levels than the other diagnostic groups. This relatively higher level of CPK may be related to vulnerability to later development of schizophrenic spectrum disorders. There was no apparent relationship between CPK levels and motor activity, nor was there any change in the level of CPK during a trial of psychoactive medication. Creatine phosphokinase levels remained relatively stable on test-retest determination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The impact of international experience on student nurses' personal and professional development.

BACKGROUND: Many student nurses undertake international clinical experience during their education programmes, which raises the question 'How do these experiences impact on students nurses' personal and professional development?' METHOD: A case study was conducted in one School of Nursing in the United Kingdom. Student nurses participating in a new module, International Nursing and Health Care, which included clinical experience overseas, gave qualitative accounts of their international experiences and subsequent learning. Their accounts were also compared with the perceptions and expectations of the module facilitators. FINDINGS: While there were some similarities in student experience and facilitator expectations, there were also notable differences. The students believed that their international experiences had a deep impact on their personal development, helping them make the transition from student to qualified nurse. The case study raised further questions about the acquisition of cultural knowledge and the facilitation and provision of learning from experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Emotion dysregulation and the development of borderline personality disorder.

We review the role of emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We briefly discuss the historical development of BPD as a disorder where emotional regulation plays a key role. We review the concept of emotion regulation in general and explore both one-factor and two-factor models of emotion regulation. We discuss cognitive and attentional aspects of emotion regulation, and explore these regulatory controls as operating as both voluntary as well as automatic processes. We then turn to other neurophysiological models of emotion regulation in general and examine how those models, both neurophysiologically and neuroanatomically, are expressed in individuals with BPD. We examine how neuroimaging, both anatomical and functional, reveals the roles that various neuroanatomical structures play in the regulation of emotion in BPD. We conclude by creating a neurodevelopmental model that describes how a complex matrix involving the interplay of constitutional/biological predispositions with environmental stressors as well as with parental effectiveness in response to the child's emotion expression can impact key aspects of adult cognitive, affective, interpersonal, and behavioral functioning that culminate in a diagnosis of BPD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trauma in developing countries, a personal experience in Papua New Guinea.

Trauma is a serious threat in developing countries. Prevention efforts, which have been so effective in other countries in controlling the incidence of injuries, are almost nonexistent. The lifestyles make the population prone to injury and tribal cultures may practice rituals that create personal injury. Developing nations lack adequate health care services for a large section of the population. A trauma nurse who visited Papua New Guinea describes her experience with living and working in various health care settings.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1992

Impact of epilepsy on quality of life.

Epilepsy is a chronic condition with a profound effect on the quality of life. Health, family life, social, community and civic activities, economics and personal development are the major variables associated with quality of life for the person with epilepsy. In this article, a model describing the relationship between these variables and quality of life is presented. This model organizes a comprehensive nursing approach to the patient with epilepsy. A case study analysis approach is used to help further illustrate interactions among the variables. Nursing interventions based upon analysis of the model are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in personal construing in three psychotherapy groups and a control group.

Two repertory grids were administered at four-weekly intervals to members of three psychotherapy groups and one waiting-list control group. Individualized and general predictions of possible therapeutic change were made. More individualized than general predictions were confirmed, adding further support to the use of client-centred outcome measures. The outcome data indicated significant improvement in each therapy group. Process results were consonant with Yalom's (1970) curative factors of universality, modelling and family re-enactment and Malan's (1979) resolution of triangle of person. Finally, a model for further evaluation of group psychotherapy is outlined developing personal construct methodology within a group setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

How does tuberculosis relate to HIV positive and HIV negative drug users?

OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare the incidence of active tuberculosis in HIV positive and HIV negative drug users. (2) To describe the main characteristics of the tuberculosis cases. DESIGN: A prospective study was performed from 1986 to 1996 as part of an ongoing cohort study of HIV infection in Amsterdam drug users. METHODS: Data from the cohort study, including HIV serostatus and CD4-cell numbers, were completed with data from the tuberculosis registration of the tuberculosis department of the Amsterdam Municipal Health Service. Analyses were carried out with person time and survival methods. RESULTS: Of 872 participants, 24 persons developed culture confirmed tuberculosis during a total follow up period of 4000 person years (0.60 per 100 py, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.90). Nineteen cases were HIV positive (1.54 per 100 py, 95% CI: 0.86, 2.11) and five HIV negative (0.18 per 100 py, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.43). Multivariately HIV infection (relative risk: 12.9; 95% CI: 3.4, 48.8) and age above 33 years (RR: 6.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 35.0, as compared with age below 27) increased the risk for tuberculosis substantially. Additional findings were: (1) 13 of 22 pulmonary tuberculosis cases (59%) were detected by half yearly radiographic screening of the chest; (2) tuberculosis occurred relatively early in the course of HIV infection at a mean CD4 cell number of 390/microliter; (3) an estimated two thirds of the incidence of tuberculosis observed among HIV positive cases was caused by reactivation; (4) all but one patient completed the tuberculosis treatment. CONCLUSION: HIV infection increases the risk for active tuberculosis in Amsterdam drug users 13-fold. The incidence of tuberculosis in HIV negative drug users is still six times higher than in the overall Amsterdam population. In the absence of contact tracing and screening with tuberculin skin tests, periodic chest radiographic screening contributes substantially to early casefinding of active tuberculosis in Amsterdam drug users.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗