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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical aspects of cardio-respiratory homeostasis.

Starting from general assumptions on the clinical aspects of homeostasis and on the functional correlations lung-heart in physiological and pathological states, the difficulty to diagnose an individual pulmonary heart disease is stressed, as well as the necessity to differentiate it from the cases of coronary heart disease, when respiratory failure aggravates the latent cardiac ischemia and induces a global cardiac failure. The diagnosis criteria of the two distinct pathological pictures are established, emphasizing the importance of this differentiation for clinical practice and epidemiological research.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary infarction.

We compared 41 patients with angiographic proof of pulmonary embolism and clinical signs of pulmonary infarction (as evidenced by an infiltrate on x-ray study and pleuritic pain in the area of the embolus) with 24 patients with pulmonary embolism but without infarction. Only 18 of the 41 patients with pulmonary infarction had associated heart disease. Pulmonary infarction was uncommon when emboli obstructed central arteries but frequent when distal arteries were occluded. Follow-up x-ray examination showed that the infiltrates resolved in the patients with pulmonary infarction without heart disease, but persisted when heart disease was present. We suggest that obstruction of distal arteries results in pulmonary hemorrhage owing to an influx of bronchial arterial blood at systemic pressure. Hemorrhage causes symptoms and x-ray changes usually attributed to pulmonary infarction. However, hemorrhage resolves without infarction in patients without, but progresses to infarction in those with, heart disease.

Angiography↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on endothelin, von Willebrand factor and thromboxane A2 during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients of congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) related humoral factors, including endothelin (ET), factor VIII related antigen (i.e. von Willebrand factor, vWF) and thromboxane A2(TXA2) in patients of congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension (CHD-PH) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and explore the clinical physiopathologic significance of them. METHODS: Thirty non-cyanotic patients of CHD-PH were randomly divided into the control group and the treated group. TMP was given to the treated group by intravenous dripping 3 mg/kg after anesthesia induction and adding 1 mg/kg in oxygenator during CPB. Blood samples were collected from radial artery at the time points of after anesthesia induction, 15 min after beginning CPB, 5 min after opening aorta, 20 min, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after stopping CPB, to determine the plasma contents of ET and vWF, as well as TXB2, the stable metabolite of TXA2. The pulmonary vascular reactivity 6 hrs (6h-PVR) after CPB and the mechanical ventilatory support time (VST) after operation were calculated. RESULTS: Levels of ET, vWF and TXB2 increased obviously during CPB, but the degree of increasing in the treated group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the 6h-PVR and VST in the former were also lower than those in the latter respectively. CONCLUSION: TMP could obviously reduce the production of ET, vWF and TXB2 during CPB and relieve the pulmonary vascular reactivity after operation, indicating that TMP could reduce the injury of CPB on VEC, and is benefit to enhance the efficacy of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Congenital heart disease masking pulmonary tuberculosis in children.

A report on 2 patients in whom coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was partially masked by signs of congenital heart disease is presented. The cases illustrate the difficulties in making a diagnosis of PTB in such situation and highlight the need for a high index of suspicion.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Power spectral density of breathing pattern in patients with pulmonary, heart and liver diseases.

Pulmonary functions, breathing pattern and rhythmic oscillations of inspiratory time, expiratory time and tidal volume were studied by calculating autocorrelation functions and power spectral densities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory insufficiency, in patients with cardiac valvular disease and in patients with liver disease at rest. Despite of the pathological results of pulmonary function tests the rhythmic oscillations of inspiratory time, expiratory time and tidal volume were present in all patients and they were intraindividually and interindividually different in the same way as in healthy man.

Heart Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Causes and clinical characteristics of chronic cor-pulmonale in Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical characteristics and underlying causes of chronic cor-pulmonale in Ethiopian patients. DESIGN: A hospital based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tikur Anbessa Hospital, a large referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Fourty two consecutive patients referred to the chest clinic of Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RESULTS: Bronchial asthma (36%), chronic fibrocavitary tuberculosis (31%) and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (33%) were the most frequent underlying causes and occurred either singly or in combination in 36(86%) of patients. Interstitial lung disease occurred in five (11.9%) patients. Right-sided heart failure and cyanosis were the most common clinical presentations. Secondary polycythemia was noted in 32 of 40 patients (80%). The role of pulmonary vascular diseases including pulmonary schistosomiasis as a cause of pulmonary heart disease could not be ascertained but appeared to be insignificant. CONCLUSION: Chronic persistent asthma is a frequent underlying cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cor-pulmonale compared to smoking related chronic bronchitis/emphysema in Ethiopia. The preventive strategy of chronic cor-pulmonale includes optimal treatment of bronchial asthma, early diagnosis and effective treatment of tuberculosis and health education to avoid cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Occlusion of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries in pulmonary hypertensive congenital heart disease.

Lung biopsy specimens from 10 consecutive cases of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension (2 months-6.5 years) were examined by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, 8 cases showed a reduction in number of patent alveolar wall arteries associated with the structural features of early pulmonary vascular disease-extension of muscle, a significant increase in pulmonary arterial medial thickness (P less than 0.001) and little if any intimal proliferation (Heath & Edwards Grade I or II). In one additional child with Grade IV disease, arterial number could not be determined accurately. For all 10 cases, all blocks of tissue examined by light and electronmicroscopy showed absence of any lumen in structures identified as alveolar wall arteries by their position, shape and the presence of an external (or single) elastic lamina. In 3 additional similar cases, endothelial cells of narrowed and occluded arteries were marked by labelling with the lectin Ulex europaeus. Occluded arteries were identified consisting of mature smooth muscle cells and remnants of degenerating endothelial cells. Occlusion of alveolar wall arteries appears to be an early event in the development of pulmonary vascular disease, is associated with differentiation of smooth muscle cells in normally thin walled precapillary arteries and precedes significant obliterative intimal changes in more proximal vessels.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1975

[Anamnesis as a screening method for cardiovascular diseases].

In general the anamnesis meets all requirements which are put to a screening method; however, special problems arise when the anamnesis is made by means of a questionnaire. The team which gives the report had projected a questionnaire for 8 cardiovascular groups of diagnosis (ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, functional, inflammatory and pulmonary heart disease, disturbances of the peripheral arterial blood supply, cerebrovascular insufficiency and venous diseases). This questionnaire was reduced and qualified and tested on test persons of a Berlin enterprise. A final judgment concerning the use of the anamnesis as screening method cannot be given at present. However, it limns oneself already that it is possible with its help to establish many endangered persons and patients and to subject them to the primary and secondary prevention.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The correlation between blood pressure and morphometric findings in children with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.

The lungs of 68 children with malformations of the heart or the great vessels which could cause pulmonary hypertension were obtained at autopsy. We analysed the media of muscular pulmonary arteries morphometrically and calculated the area ratio (area media/total area of the vessel). As hemodynamic parameter we used the systolic blood pressure ratio (pulmonary/systemic). Additionally we employed the mean pressure of the pulmonary artery in 38 cases. We analysed the correlation between hemodynamic and morphometric parameters and obtained a product moment correlation of 0.7. There was a linear correlation between the area and pressure ratios. Younger children showed a higher relative thickness of the media than older children with comparable pressure ratios. After dividing the children into three age groups, we obtained an even higher correlation (r = 0.90 in the oldest group). We found these correlations not only in cases with left-to-right shunt but also in children with other heart defects. There was also a good correlation between the quantitatively measured data and the qualitative Heath and Edwards classification.

Adolescent↗