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PubMed1998

Seroepidemiologic study on tick-borne encephalitis among forestry workers and farmers from the Lublin region (eastern Poland).

The paper presents the results of seroepidemiologic studies concerning tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in 1,583 persons (1,261 forestry workers and 233 farmers) from the Lublin region (eastern Poland) occupationally exposed to ticks and in 130 healthy blood donors (a control group). The mean percentage of seropositive reactions in forestry workers amounted to 19.8% and in farmers 32.0%. Based on 5-year research (1994-1998) conducted in 5 districts of the Lublin region, the existence of endemic foci of TBE was detected in the district of Bia a Podlaska, on the areas of Radzyń Podlaski and Parczew, where the percentage of seropositive reactions in forestry workers exceeded 50%. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of seropositive reactions in forestry workers and farmers was significantly greater compared to control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). It indicates that these groups are occupationally exposed to TBE virus. In the years 1994-98, a total of nine clinical cases of TBE (acute neuroinfection) in forestry workers and fourteen clinical cases in farmers were confirmed serologically. The effectiveness of specific immunization against TBE was proved on the basis of 100% seroconversion in 56 earlier seronegative forestry workers. The obtained results proved that forestry workers and farmers in Poland are under increased risk of infection with TBE virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiology of erythema migrans in north-eastern Poland.

The aim of the study was to evaluate erythema migrans (EM) prevalence and treatment in north-eastern Poland during the last 25 years. The material for the study consisted of data sent to the Department of Dermatology by physicians from fifteen regional out-patient clinics. They were collected according to specially prepared questionnaires. The data were analysed with respect to the total number of EM cases, patients' age, seasonal prevalence of the disease, dynamics of its prevalence and treatment methods in successive years. Of the 262,421 case histories, retrospectively analysed 1235 EM cases (0.4%) were found. The age of the patients varied from 4 to 78 years. The highest incidence was observed between August and October (57.7% of all cases). The annual number of cases increased from only a few, in the years 1969-76, to over 436 in 1993. Penicillin or erythromycin were preferred for the treatment of EM before 1981, tetracycline or ampicillin between 1982-90, and amoxicillin or doxycycline in the last three years. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of EM cases in the dermatological clinics of north-eastern Poland in recent years. The treatment of the disease applied at present, complies with the generally accepted guidelines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in north-eastern Poland.

In many countries, screening blood donors for viral markers is an important source of information about epidemiology of HCV infection. The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of HCV infection among blood donors in north-eastern Poland and to compare it with prevalence of markers of other infections. We retrospectively analysed the results of tests for anti-HCV, HBsAg and anti-HIV of all blood donations performed in years 1998-2003. For HCV infection, full data (including all results of confirmatory tests) were available only for years 1998-2000. Overall prevalence of anti-HCV among all donors in years 1998-2000 was 0.5%. There was no significant difference in anti-HCV positivity rate of male and female donors. Majority of HCV infections occurred among first time donors (152/202; 75% of all HCV-positive results). The prevalence of anti-HCV among first time donors averaged 0.6% and remained at similar level as HBsAg (0.7%). The number of anti-HIV positives among first time donors remained low (mean prevalence 0.01%). We conclude that prevalence of anti-HCV among blood donors in podlaskie woiewodship is similar to prevalence in Poland but higher than reported for Western European countries and USA.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the pectoralis muscles in Poland's syndrome.

Computed tomography (CT) can demonstrate disorders of the chest wall muscles clearly. CT scans of the thorax were carried out in seven patients with Poland's Syndrome. All patients with Poland's Syndrome had the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, but were lacking the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major. The pectoralis minor was absent in four of seven patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Measurements of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide concentrations in urban and rural areas of Poland using a passive sampling method.

Measurements of 1-month concentrations of NO(2) and SO(2) were carried out in the period from May 1993 to April 1994 in 147 points in 30 major cities of Poland and in 31 points in rural areas. The measurement points were divided into five classes representing: centres of cities, residential areas, industrial areas, traffic locations and rural areas. Passive samplers were prepared in one laboratory, mailed to local laboratories for sampling and then returned for analysis. The same samplers were used for collecting both NO(2) and SO(2). Analyses for NO(2) absorbed as nitrite were made spectrophotometrically after reaction with Saltzman reagent. Sulphur dioxide was determined as sulphate with ion chromatography. The consistency of data allowed comparison of levels of air pollution in different cities and the production of maps of spatial distribution of NO(2) and SO(2) in rural areas of Poland.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Occurrence of Clostridium difficile in fecal samples of HIV-infected children in Poland.

The prevalence of Clostridium difficile and its toxins (A and B) in HIV-positive children in Poland was investigated in a group of 18 children, aged 6 months to 8 1/2 years. Stool samples were tested using an antigen detection method for toxin A/B, cytotoxicity-neutralization and culture. In 3 cases (17%) C. difficile toxins were detected in both stool samples and strains recovered from culture. The three strains isolated were shown by PCR methods to contain toxins A and B genes. All children had been treated previously with antimicrobial and antiviral agents. All three C. difficile-positive children had mild diarrhea that resolved without specific therapy. Further studies involving a large number of children and molecular analyses of isolated C. difficile strains are necessary to determine the frequency and rate of carriage of C. difficile strains among HIV-positive children in Poland.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Diversity among Field Populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Poland.

Genetic structure in field populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolated in Poland was determined by using several complementary techniques. Of the 10 field sites examined, only 4 contained populations of indigenous B. japonicum strains. The Polish bradyrhizobia were divided into at least two major groups on the basis of protein profiles on polyacrylamide gels, serological reaction with polyclonal antisera, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR fingerprints of genomic DNA, and Southern hybridization analyses with nif and nod gene probes. Serological analyses indicated that 87.5% of the Polish B. japonicum isolates tested were in serogroups 123 and 129, while seven (12.5%) of the isolates tested belonged to their own unique serogroup. These seven strains also could be grouped together on the basis of repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR fingerprints, protein profiles, and Southern hybridization analyses. Cluster analyses indicated that the seven serologically undefined isolates were genetically dissimilar from the majority of the Polish B. japonicum strains. Moreover, immuno-cross-adsorption studies indicated that although the Polish B. japonicum strains reacted with polyclonal antisera prepared against strain USDA123, the majority failed to react with serogroup 123- and 129-specific antisera, suggesting that Polish bradyrhizobia comprise a unique group of root nodule bacteria which have only a few antigens in common with strains USDA123 and USDA129. Nodulation studies indicated that members of the serologically distinct group were very competitive for nodulation of Glycine max cv. Nawiko. None of the Polish serogroup 123 or 129 isolates were restricted for nodulation by USDA123- and USDA129-restricting soybean plant introduction genotypes. Taken together, our results indicate that while genetically diverse B. japonicum strains were isolated from some Polish soils, the majority of field sites contained no soybean-nodulating bacteria. In addition, despite the lack of long-term soybean production in Poland, field populations of unique B. japonicum strains are present in some Polish soils and these strains are very competitive for nodulation of currently used Polish soybean varieties.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Poland-Möbius syndrome associated with dextrocardia.

A newborn male with Möbius syndrome, Poland anomaly, and dextrocardia is described. This is the second case reported of Poland-Möbius syndrome associated with dextrocardia. The patient presented with strabismus, facial diplegia, difficulty in swallowing, hypoplasia of the left pectoralis major muscle, partial absence of the upper costal cartilages, absence of the left areola, hypoplasia of the left forearm and hand, and dextrocardia without murmurs.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Pneumothorax after a clinical breast fine-needle aspiration of a lump in a patient with Poland's syndrome.

We report the first case in the medical literature of a pneumothorax complicating fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a breast lump in a woman with a mild form of Poland's syndrome. The pneumothorax was treated conservatively. This is the first case of breast FNA-related pneumothorax seen in our clinical practice. We believe that the absence of pectoral muscles has increased the risk of this complication. We have also diagnosed an incidental screen-detected breast cancer affecting the ipsilateral breast in the same patient. We conclude that caution should be exercised when performing FNAC of breast lesions in patients with Poland's syndrome. The procedure should be preferably performed under image guidance in such patients in order to minimise the risk of this complication.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Known and probable risk factors for hepatitis C infection: a case series in north-eastern Poland.

AIM: To describe the risk profile of patients in hospital with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Poland. METHOD: Using a structured questionnaire, all patients with confirmed HCV infection were interviewed about the risk factors. RESULTS: Among the 250 patients studied, transfusion before 1993 was the primary risk factor in 26%, intravenous drug use setting in 9% and occupational exposure in health-care in 9%. Women were more likely to have a history of occupational exposure or transfusion before 1993 and less likely to undergo minor surgery. Known nosocomial risk factors (transfusion before 1993, dialysis) were responsible for 27% of infections, probable nosocomial factors (transfusions after 1992, minor surgery) for 14% and further 9% were occupationally acquired infections. CONCLUSION: A careful history investigation can identify a known or probable risk factor for HCV acquisition in 59% of patients with HCV infection. Preventive activities in Poland should focus on infection control measures in health-care setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mobius syndrome and Poland anomaly: case report and review of the literature.

A 6-year-old boy had the combination of Mobius Syndrome and the Poland anomaly. Although rare, this association is repeatedly encountered. The absence of the pectoral muscle in the Poland anomaly supports the theory that in both conditions the muscular and skeletal abnormalities are due to a common fetal mesodermal defect.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Characteristics of E.coli O157 strains isolated in Poland from clinical material and food samples].

E. coli belonging to the O157 serological group are among the organisms isolated most frequently out of all the so called entero-hemorrhagic E. coli strains (EHEC). Since several years they have been isolated also in Poland. The purpose of the present study was determination on selected phenotypic and genotypic properties of E. coli O157 strains isolated in our country from clinical material samples and from food. The serotype of the strains was determined, together with the following properties regarded as pathogenicity markers of verotoxic E. coli strains such as absence of beta-glucuronidase activity and sorbitol fermentation ability, as well as production of verotoxins SLT I and/or SLT II and entero-hemolysin. Besides that, by the PCR method the fragments of the genes coding for verotoxins, intimin and enterohaemolysin were amplified. The products of PCR were analysed by the restriction enzyme analysis (RFLP). All verotoxic E. coli O157 strains isolated in Poland were analysed by the pulsed field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA (PFGE). The studied group comprised E. coli O157 strains, among them 40 strains were isolated from human faeces and 5 from food. The remaining strains were the reference E. coli O157:H7 EDL 933 and G 5244 strains and strains from NIH collection. The obtained results showed that the tested strains were a very varying population. 21 of them (all isolated from food, 11 from faeces and 5 reference strains) belonged to serotype O157:H7, five were not peritrichous O157:NM and the remaining ones had other ciliary antigen than H7. All strains isolated from food, reference strains and only 3 O157:NM strains isolated from humans were verotoxic. The strains from food and two reference strains produced only SLT II, 2 of 3 strains isolated from humans and one reference strain also produced only SLT II and the other produced both verotoxins. Apart from these 13 verotoxic strains all remaining strains caused sorbitol fermentation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Poland's syndrome.

Forty-three consecutive cases of Poland's syndrome were analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed. The syndrome is not hereditary and is of unknown origin. It affects males more frequently than females. The clinical features are variable but always include congenital aplasia and syndactyly. The middle phalanges are hypoplastic or absent so that effectively there is only one interphalangeal joint. The syndactyly is usually incomplete and simple. It may involve all fingers and frequently includes the thumb, which then lies in the same plane as the fingers. Poland's syndrome may also include hypoplasia of the nipple and breast, hypoplasia of the upper ribs, herniation of the lung, contracture of the anterior axillary web, and elevated scapula. The arm and more frequently the forearm are hypoplastic. The right side is more often affected than the left. Surgical treatment by separating the syndactyly is recommended. In some cases a digit is removed to produce a three-fingered hand. Surgery is initiated by the age of one year and is completed by the time the child enters school, although periodic revisions may be necessary. Although the hand remains hypoplastic and functional capacity is limited by the inherent skeletal anomalies, surgical treatment improves functional capacity and cosmetic appearance in the majority of patients.

Arm↗
PubMed1986

Progression index and disability status in multiple sclerosis: a resurvey of 207 patients in central Poland.

The progression index (disability grade divided by the duration of the disease) and disability status are presented in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from two hospital series in central Poland. The natural course of 207 patients showed continuously decreasing progression index (PI) from 4.15 after the first year to 0.72 and 0.23 after 10 yr. or 26 yr. respectively. Within the duration of the disease from 1 to 40 years mean PI was 1.12. Among 207 hospitalized patients 156 (75.6%) showed moderately speedy progression with PI 0.21-1.33. Mean neurologic impairment evaluated on Disability Status Scale (DSS) was 6.27 (range 4.40-8.25). Overall neurologic disability slowly increased from 5.82, 6.50, 7.04 at 5 years intervals up to 7.17 after 26 years. Out of 207 patients 127 (71.1%) demonstrated either moderate or severe impairment (4-9 grades at DSS). These figures represent rather biased hospital over-representation of grave cases than more malignant natural course of MS in Poland. It was also considered that very slow PI (0.20 or less) has at least approximately as good prognostic value as Kurtzke's "rule of 5 yr. at DSS". In the present hospital series none of MS patients with low PI - less than or equal to 0.20 - had deteriorated after 26 yr. of the disease beyond 6th grade of DSS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Poland-Möbius syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report 2 sporadic cases of the Poland-Möbius syndrome in neonates. Both cases presented with unilateral facial palsy, bilateral loss of abduction of the eye, palatal palsy and tongue hypoplasia. The Poland anomaly was total in the first case (absence of pectoralis major, hypoplasia of the right superior limb, syndactyly and brachydactyly) and only partial in the second (absence of pectoralis major).

Cranial Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[Unilateral Moebius syndrome associated with Poland's abnormality in a 25-year-old woman (author's transl)].

The authors present a case of unilateral Moebius syndrome associated with Poland abnormality in a 25-year-old woman. The patient had a complete left peripheral facial paralysis associated with involvement of both VI. In addition, there was microdactyly, syndactyly of the left hand, absence of the pectoralis major, of the mammary gland and nipple adding up to Poland syndrome. Surgery was envisaged with the aim of performing a hypoglossofacial anastomosis. Operation revealed muscles of normal appearance with a somewhat thin digastric and total absence of the facial nerve both at the point of its emergence through the stylomastoid foramen as well as in the parotid.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1984

Severe limb deficiency in Poland's syndrome.

Although Poland's syndrome is classically considered to consist of simple syndactyly, limb hypoplasia, and ipsilateral pectoral muscle agenesis, a rate group of patients with pectoral agenesis has more severe limb deficiencies. In ten of these patients and in similar patients reported in the literature, a broad range of limb deformities was observed. The authors classified the patients according to limb anomalies: type 1, five digits present even if hypoplastic; type 2, functional border digits with the absence of central digits; type 3, more severe absence deformities with no functional digits; and type 4, radial ray defects with absent thumb. The understanding that Poland's syndrome includes a spectrum of limb anomalies is important in searching for associated birth defects, in genetic counseling, and, possibly, in elucidating the pathogenesis of the syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed2025

Whole genome sequencing analysis of Candida glabrata isolates collected from patients with selected drug-resistant candidiasis hospitalized in Eastern Poland.

The epidemiology data for candidiasis indicate an increase in Candida glabrata infections. Moreover, several reports have shown an increasing number of drug-resistant cases of these infections. The source of drug resistance can often be traced to genetic mutations in genes related to a drug's mechanism of action. Therefore, we conducted whole genome sequencing of several drug-resistant isolates of Candida glabrata collected from patients hospitalized in Eastern Poland to assess whether mutations in selected genes correlated with susceptibility analysis results. The fungal species from patient samples were identified, and the isolated Candida glabrata were subjected to antifungal drug susceptibility testing. The results were interpreted according to the EUCAST and CLSI recommendations. Susceptibility to 5-flucytosine was assessed using the ATB FUNGUS kit. Libraries were prepared according to the NEXTERA XT DNA Library Prep and subsequently sequenced. The outcomes indicated common resistance to two of the three analyzed echinocandins, as well as two cases of simultaneous resistance to echinocandins and selected azole-based drugs. We detected several previously reported mutations in selected resistance-related genes, as well as five that are first described here: ERG5 (M267I), ERG6 (R57K), PDH1 (K438Q, V434I, F600V, V1192S), FCY1 (M129T), and FCY2 (I384F). Neither of the identified nonsynonymous mutations was correlated with the drug resistance demonstrated in the susceptibility testing. Furthermore, we can exclude the possibility of acquired drug resistance, thereby raising questions about the possibility of unknown mechanisms of resistance to azole-based and echinocandin drugs.

Candida glabrata↗