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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of immobilization on glucose transporter expression in rat hindlimb muscles.

Three days after denervation, the expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein decreases by approximately 50% in rat hindlimb muscles, while GLUT1 mRNA increases transiently by approximately 500%. Although postreceptor insulin resistance of glucose transport develops before GLUT4 declines, the latter likely contributes to the time-dependent increased severity of the resistance. To determine whether muscle inactivity contributes to changes in glucose transporter expression, one rat hindlimb was immobilized in a plaster cast for 3 days; the unencumbered hindlimb served as control. Muscle GLUT4 mRNA decreased by 32% (P < .02) and GLUT4 protein by 40% (P < .05) after 3 days' immobilization. There was no significant change in GLUT1 mRNA or skeletal muscle alpha-actin mRNA expression or in the total RNA concentration. The data suggest that electromyogenic and/or contractile activity regulates GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle at a pretranslational step.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of dental findings in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency treated with human growth hormone (hGH) and in untreated patients with Laron-type dwarfism.

The effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on dental structures was investigated by comparing two groups of patients with hypopituitarism. One group of 19 patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency who received hGH replacement therapy was compared with a group of 13 patients with high immunoreactive growth hormone and IGF-I deficiency, Laron-type dwarfism, who could not benefit from hGH treatment. Plaster casts of the dentitions and panoramic radiographs were obtained from all patients and analyzed for dental age, arch length, arch circumference, and width of teeth. the main findings were that (1) hGH therapy did not accelerate dental age but enhanced bone age; (2) the mandible was significantly smaller in the untreated group but no significant difference was found between the groups in the maxilla; (3) third molars were missing in more than 90% of the patients with Laron-type dwarfism whereas hypodontia of other teeth was found in 30% of all the patients; and (4) crowding was less prevalent than expected and the mesiodistal width of the teeth seemed to be smaller.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of measures of temporomandibular joint space and condylar position with three tomographic imaging techniques.

Fourteen temporomandibular joints in seven dry skulls, representing the distribution of horizontal and vertical condylar axis inclinations of a larger population, were imaged with three tomographic projection techniques. Closest anterior and posterior joint spaces were measured on radiographs, and sectioned plaster casts were made from impressions of actual joint space, Individualized horizontal and vertical correction of the condylar axis produced significantly more accurate (p less than 0.005) measures of condylar space than either standard 20-degree horizontal correction (SHC) or individualized horizontal correction (IHC) of the axis. Representations of joint space by SHC and IHC were not significantly different from each other. Numbers of uninterpretable images displayed a similar pattern of 9.5% for individualized horizontal and vertical correction, 14% for IHC, and 17% for SHC. This study supports the use of fully individualized condylar axis correction with temporomandibular joint tomography for increased accuracy of visualization of the osseous anatomy of the joint.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Forces under the foot.

A transducer has been developed to record the shear or horizontal components of force beneath the sole of the foot. When used with a vertical force transducer it has enabled a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical forces acting beneath the foot when walking in various types of footwear. Considerable differences have been recorded between the footwear. Particularly low forces are present in a plaster cast and to a lesser extent with Plastazote insoles. The possible application of these findings to the management of ulceration of the sole of the foot in diabetes mellitus and leprosy is discussed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

A software simulation of tibial fracture reduction with external fixator.

In modern orthopaedic practice, circular external fixators are frequently preferred to plaster cast for various reasons. The realignment of the two fractured bone segments is usually performed under a continuous fluoroscopy checking which involves a long radiation exposure time for both patients and surgeon. In order to overcome this problem, a computer controlled external fixator is under development. One relevant problem which this project faced in its initial stage was the difficulty to define in geometrical terms the manual reduction trajectory normally adopted by the surgeon. Basically it was a typical problem of empirical knowledge transfer from the surgeon to the engineer. Thus, it was necessary to create a common ground where the two experts could carry out the necessary analyses in order to define an empirical algorithm capable of suggesting a correction trajectory. The problem was solved by developing a simulation program called S.E.R.F. (Simulation Environment of a Robotic Fixator) provided with an extremely powerful graphic output, able to visualize the whole reduction trajectory from any viewpoint in space. The authors suggest the use of this kind of tool every time the techno-clinical information exchange is a critical issue.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Cutaneous infection with Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger following bone marrow transplantation.

We describe a case of mixed Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger infection in a 38 year-old woman who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma. The fungi were isolated from a necrotic ulcer under a plaster cast stabilizing a pathological fracture of the left humerus. We emphasize the necessity for frequent inspection of any covered area of skin and the use of sterile dressings as far as possible in neutropenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple carpo-metacarpal dislocations.

Ten patients with closed multiple carpo-metacarpal dislocations have been reviewed. Closed manipulation was found to be successful if performed within two days of the injury. Plaster cast immobilisation supplemented by percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is recommended to maintain the reduction, due to the unstable nature of the dislocation. Early appropriate treatment of these injuries carries a good prognosis.

Bone Wires↗
PubMed1994

Prediction of secondary displacement in Colles' fracture.

In a prospective study, 645 consecutive Colles' fractures treated conservatively were followed until union. The fractures subsequently lost some of their manipulated position during the immobilization period. However, the anatomical end result was significantly improved compared with the initial deformity. The mean shortening of the radius during plaster-cast treatment was 3 mm, and the mean increase of dorsal angulation was 7 degrees. Multiple regression analyses showed that initial dorsal angulation, age, and Older type were important predictor variables for the end result of dorsal angulation. Initial radial length, age and initial dorsal angulation were of importance for the end result of radial length. The strongest linear relationship was found between the end result of radial length and the initial radial length (r = 0.67). This may indicate that the patients who will malunite with radial shortening are those with significant radial axial shortening at the initial presentation. Thus, these patients should be treated with a more stable fixation device.

Bone Malalignment↗
PubMed1989

The scaphoid compression test.

A clinical test for scaphoid waist fractures is described in which the first ray is compressed longitudinally. This has the advantage that it can be done when the patient is in a plaster cast. Of 52 patients with suspected scaphoid fractures, 37 had negative tests and proved by X-rays then and later to have no fracture. 12 had positive tests and X-rays. Two patients with positive tests had fractures nearby: one of the scaphoid tuberosity and one of the radial styloid. One patient with a negative test had de Quervain's disease. Once union has occurred, the test becomes negative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Glucose uptake after immobilization in fast and slow skeletal muscle in rats.

1. 3-O-methylglucose uptake was studied after immobilization in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (Sol) muscles. 2. The immobilization of the ankle was done in one of extreme positions by plaster casts. 3. In both positions, 3-O-methylglucose uptake in EDL increased and that in Sol decreased after immobilization. 4. When immobilization was released uptake returned to control level. 5. The change in uptake after immobilization and after release of immobilization was earlier in Sol.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1983

Silicone plesiotherapy molds.

Plesiotherapy, the treatment of superficial lesions by radioactive molds has largely been replaced by teletherapy techniques involving high energy photon and electron beams. There are, however, situations for which a short distance type treatment, in one form or another, is superior to any other presently available. Traditionally, molds have taken the form of rigid devices incorporating clamps to attach them to the patient. This ensures a reproducible geometry about a localized region since the molds are applied on a daily basis. To make such devices requires considerable skill and patience. This article describes an alternative method that eliminates the use of cumbersome devices in many situations. Silicone molds made from a plaster cast model have been found suitable for the treatment of surface lesions and especially for lesions in the oral and nasal cavities. With the use of radioactive gold seeds the molds may be left in place for a few days without fear of them moving.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of a computer assisted image analyzer to the assessment of area and number of sites of dental attrition and its use for age estimation.

A simple method was devised to assess dental attrition in terms of its area and number of sites by using dental plaster casts and a computer assisted image analyser. The changes presented on the occlusal surfaces of teeth were investigated for age estimation using these criteria. The area of attrition on each tooth demonstrated a significant positive correlation with age, but a wide individual variation was observed in the values for each tooth. Therefore, this method was unsuitable for accurate age estimation of a single tooth. A strong negative correlation with age was observed in the number of sites of attrition. A multiple stepwise regression analysis using the variables 'attrition area' and 'attrition number' revealed multiple correlation coefficient values of 0.93. The quantitative assessment of both horizontal and vertical factors of dental attrition would be essential to improve the accuracy of this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A survey of operating and recovery room ventilators and monitoring equipment as well as their maintenance].

OBJECTIVE: To survey the monitoring and anaesthetic devices available in a sample of French hospitals and the modalities of their maintenance. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: Survey carried out in 21 private and public hospitals (including eight university hospitals), affilated to the French Association for Research in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ARAR). RESULTS: More than 84% of all operating theaters were equipped with at least an ECG, a SpO2, and a non invasive blood pressure monitor. The non equipped anaesthesia sites were mainly delivery rooms, plaster cast rooms and X-ray rooms. The figure of recovery room beds was, generally speaking in accordance with the French recommendations. Maintenance policy was not systematic and not budgeted in 72% of the surveyed centres. CONCLUSION: The equipment in most anesthetic sites has significantly increased, however maintenance policy remains still heterogenous.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed1987

The effects of Fränkel II treatment on arch width and arch perimeter.

Changes in dental arch width and total arch perimeter in 24 Class II, Division 1 patients treated with the Fränkel II appliance were compared with changes in an untreated control group. Measurements were made on pretreatment and posttreatment plaster casts at three points on each of four maxillary and four mandibular teeth. Increases in width were computed at the occlusal point and compared for the two samples. A significant increase in occlusal arch width for all measures was suggestive of both a minor tipping movement of the maxillary teeth and a bodily movement of the mandibular teeth. Width development in the maxilla was greater than in the mandible. Occlusal arch width increased more in the molar and premolar regions in the maxilla and in the premolar region in the mandible. Wide arches were found to have as much increase as narrow arches. The total arch perimeter decreased significantly less in the treatment sample than in the control sample. The documented gains in arch width and arch perimeter would not be sufficient to relieve severe crowding, but could be useful in avoiding removal of teeth in borderline extraction cases.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1992

A three-dimensional measuring system for the human face using three-directional photography.

This study was intended to develop a three-dimensional measuring system of the human face for clinical use, to ensure a high precision and a simple input operation by means of a personal computer and to measure the degree of its accuracy. With this system, it is possible to measure automatically two-dimensional coordinates of hundreds of grid points on photographs of the human face with an image scanner as a reading device and to calculate their three-dimensional coordinates with a computer. An orthognathic surgical case illustrates this technique in which the patient's face is displayed before and after the surgery on a cathode-ray tube (CRT), with the three-dimensional coordinates obtained with this system. A cubic plaster cast with a certain degree of irregularity has been constructed to measure the precision of this system. Comparison was then made between the three-dimensional coordinates obtained with this system and the coordinates obtained with the contact three-dimensional measuring system. The mean of errors and the standard deviation were 0.04 +/- 0.24 mm for the X coordinate, 0.03 +/- 0.16 mm for the Y coordinate, and 0.08 +/- 0.23 mm for the Z coordinate. Thus the accuracy of this system is high enough for the measurement of the human face.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of clodronate on the torsional strength of the growing rat tibia in immobilization osteoporosis.

The purpose was to investigate whether the reduction in bone mechanical strength induced by immobilization could be prevented by a bisphosphonate compound, clodronate. The torsional breaking strength of the tibia was measured using a specially constructed torsion machine. Maximum torque capacity, maximum angle of deformation, and rigidity of the bone were calculated from a load-deformation curve. The study was performed in two experiments, one with rats having their right hind leg immobilized, the other with freely moving animals. In both experiments, the rats were treated with either clodronate or pure vehicle. Thus, the following groups, consisting of growing male Sprague-Dawley rats, were included: immobilized groups receiving clodronate (20 rats), immobilized group receiving vehicle only (20 rats), nonimmobilized group receiving clodronate (10 rats), and nonimmobilized group receiving vehicle only (10 rats). The rats to receive clodronate were injected daily with clodronate tetrahydrate s.c., 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days, the others having the same volume of 0.9% NaCl (2 ml/kg body weight). On the third day of injection the right hind leg of the rats in the immobilization groups were immobilized with a plaster cast. Eighteen days later the animals were sacrificed, the tibias were submitted to torsional testing, and the ash weights of the femurs were determined. Clodronate treatment had an increasing effect on immobilized bone ash weight and all mechanical parameters, in the contralateral leg on ash weight, and maximum torque capacity, when compared with the respective leg of the immobilized, vehicle-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Neural involvement in post-traumatic osteopenia: an experimental study in the rat.

The effect of sciatic nerve resection on post-traumatic bone loss and mechanical strength of the ipsilateral (IL) and contralateral (CL) femoral shafts and necks was studied 25 days after a tibial fracture. We subjected 45 male rats to a standardized tibial fracture, stabilized it with a modular intramedullary nail and then randomly allocated the animals to two groups: right sciatic nerve resection (SNR group) or sham operation (sham group). All of the operated hindlimbs were further immobilized in a plaster cast to avoid unequal loadbearing between the two groups. After 25 days of healing, 85Sr incorporation in the IL femora was 10% lower in the SNR group compared to the sham group, indicating a lower bone mineralization after sciatic nerve resection. The bone mineral content was 15% higher in the SNR group ipsilaterally. Accordingly, the bending moment and energy absorption in the femoral midshaft were higher in the SNR group compared to the sham group. The sciatic nerve resection protected the femoral shaft against the normally occurring post-traumatic bone loss after a tibial fracture. This protective effect of the neurectomy also occurred in the femoral neck, but not to the same extent. A protective effect was also present in the CL femur, suggesting additional systemic effects of the sciatic nerve resection.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Predictors of long-term orthodontic side effects from mandibular advancement devices in patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic side effects can complicate the long-term use of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this study was to find predictors of dental side effects from monoblock MADs. METHODS: Four hundred fifty patients, who consecutively received treatment with either soft elastomeric or hard acrylic devices, were followed up after 5.4 +/- 0.8 years (mean +/- SD). The continuing patients responded to questionnaires and had dental examinations and plaster casts made. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had moved or died during the follow-up period. Two hundred thirty-six of the remaining 423 patients (56%) continued treatment, and 187 of them reported compliance rates of > or = 50% at night. A small reduction in overjet of < 1 mm was associated with a deepbite with an overbite of > 3 mm and an overjet of < or = 3 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5; P = .015), nasal congestion (OR = 2.9; P = .005), or the use of a soft elastomeric device (OR = 2.7; P = .014) controlled for age, sex, treatment time, and mandibular displacement. A small reduction in overbite of < 1 mm was related to a small opening of the mandible of < 11 mm (OR = 2.5; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic side effects might be predictable on the basis of initial characteristics in dental occlusion and the design of MADs.

Adult↗