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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Diagnostic value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasonography for epididymitis].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography for epididymitis. METHODS: High frequency color Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 42 patients with epididymitis and 21 health volunteers. RESULTS: Compared with control group, epididymis enlarged significantly all in head, body and tail in 92% of patients with epididymitis. Bilateral epididymitis occurred in 73% of patients. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), in patient group, showed the markedly increased flow signals bright in bundle in epididymis. Mild hydroccele of testis and orchitis were companied in most patients(93%). Orchitis was often complicated in the patients with long history. CONCLUSIONS: High frequency color Doppler ultrasonography can be a preferred exam method and has diagnostic value for epididymitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and epidemiologic assessment of a group of patients suffering from mumps, hospitalized in a 23 years period].

Authors present the results of the evaluation of some epidemiological and clinical parameters, on a sample of 2101 inpatients suffering from mumps, hospitalized in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases Iaşi, between 1981-2003. The annual hospitalization average was of 5.7%. Authors highlight a high incidence of mumps in males (68.1%), urban area (67.8%), and winter-spring season (62%). The most affected was the age group of 7-10 (21.5%), followed by 11-14 (17.3%), and 1-6 (16.7%) and inpatients over 20 years old registered 25.1%. The clinical forms were varied: 30.6% cases without the affection of other glands and organs; 26.1% associated meningitis; 15.6% with orchitis; 2.5% with pancreatitis. Meningitis and orchitis were pointed out as primary infection in 3.8% and 3.4% cases, respectively. The clinical manifestation forms were: mild (14.8%); medium (84.5%), and severe (0.5%) and 146 cases (6.9%) were registered as nosocomial infection. The nature of the epidemic foci was established retrospectively: school (5.9%), preschool (1.4%), and familial (92.7%). All these aspects highlight the necessity of the epidemiological surveillance of risk groups and the inclusion of anti-mumps vaccine-prevention in the Extended Immunization Program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Actinobacillus seminis infection in sheep in the Republic of South Africa. I. Identification of the problem.

A clinical palpation and semen smear examination of 647 rams submitted to the Regional Veterinary Laboratory during 1967 revealed that 42 (6,5%) of these animals had clinical epididymitis or orchitis, 6 (0,9%) showed other types of genital lesions and 98 (15,1%) suffered from subclinical genital infection. A. seminis and A. seminis-like organisms were isolated from semen specimens of 18 out of 35 rams with clinical epididymitis or orchitis, 25 out of 33 rams with subclinical infection and none out of 13 rams which showed no neutrophils in their semen. On 4 stud farms where Elberg Rev. 1 vaccine was meticulously applied and the complete absence of Brucella ovis infection was established, of a total of 327 rams examined, 10 (3,6%) were found to be clinically and 72 (22,0%) subclinically affected. A. seminis was isolated from 5 out of 6 of these rams with clinical lesions and 10 out of 15 of those which showed evidence of subclinical infection.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1982

Abnormal basement membrane structures of seminiferous tubules in infertile men.

Testicular biopsies from 60 patients with impaired fertility were investigated by electron microscopy for changes in the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. Six different types of abnormal basement membrane structures (ABMS)--analogous to those of glomerular basement membrane disease--have been found to a variable extent in biopsies of 33 cases. The occurrence of ABMS correlated with the severity of tubular changes, and ABMS were absent in tubuli seminiferi with an intact germinal epithelium. Except for ABMS type 2, thought to represent immune complex deposits, the origin of ABMS is unknown. ABMS type 2 was present in 21 cases. Since similar deposits have been observed in rabbits developing immune complex orchitis after vasectomy, our findings indicate the occurrence of immune complex orchitis in infertile men.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: unusual testicular localization: case report].

We report on a 58-year-old man, in whom a clinical suspicion of orchitis of the right testicle was treated with antibiotics. The instored antibiotics failed to improve the clinical condition of orchitis. Previous medical history revealed a gastric lymphoma for which gastrectomy was performed, followed by combination chemotherapy. Therefore testicular biopsies were performed. These biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of testicular localisation of lymphoma. A combination chemotherapy, in association with alpha-Interferon was instaured. One year after instauration of combination therapy, the patient is in complete remission. This unusual localisation of lymphoma is discussed in regard of other cases described in literature.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Diagnostic imaging of patients with acute scrotal pain.

Common causes of acute scrotal pain include testicular torsion, epididymo-orchitis and trauma. Epididymitis in adult men is typically associated with a history of urinary tract infection or prostatitis. Testicular torsion typically presents in young adults with a sudden onset of severe scrotal pain and, frequently, a history of recurrent episodes that have spontaneously resolved. With scrotal trauma, ultrasound may demonstrate testicular fracture, hematoceles and areas of hemorrhage or testicular infarction. Since both epididymitis and testicular torsion present with scrotal pain and swelling, and may be accompanied by fever and pyuria, Doppler ultrasound or radionuclide imaging may be necessary to make the diagnosis. In acute testicular torsion, color Doppler ultrasound shows absent flow to the epididymis and testis, while nuclear imaging shows central photon-deficient areas in the ischemic hemiscrotum. In epididymo-orchitis, color Doppler ultrasound shows increased flow to the epididymis and testis, while nuclear imaging shows increased perfusion of the affected testis and hemiscrotum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Prospective controlled study comparing laparoscopy and the Shouldice technique in the treatment of unilateral inguinal hernia].

Between October 1992 and September 1994, 70 patients presenting with primary unilateral hernia were randomly assigned to either a transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic (group L) repair (n = 35) with a 3 x 5 inch polypropylene mesh or a conventional Shouldice repair (group S) (n = 35). The series consisted of 60 men and 10 women, with a median age of 56 years and a BMI of 24. We used the Nyhus classification; there were 25 type 2, 24 type 3a and 21 type 3b hernias. Preoperative characteristics of both groups were equivalent. When comparing group L to group S, we noted a similar operative time (65 +/- 20 min) and a similar postoperative hospital stay (3.8 +/- 1.3 days). The postoperative pain that was evaluated on a visual analogue scale (score from 0 to 10) was lower in group L. On the first and third postoperative day, the mean score was 3.4 +/- 1.5 and 1.3 +/- 1.4 in (group L compared) to 5.3 +/- 1.9 (p < 0.001) and 2.8 +/- 1.8 (p < 0.005) in group S. Significant morbidity occurred in 7 patients of group L: 3 seromas and 4 cases of orchitis, and in 5 patients of group S: 1 wound abcess, 2 cases of chronic neuralgia and 2 cases of orchitis. We recorded a quicker return to home activities in group L: 6 +/- 2 versus 10 +/- 4 days (p < 0.05) in group S but time off work was similar in both groups (30 +/- 9 days). All patients were evaluated in April 1996: the median follow-up was 30 months (range: 19-42 months). We recorded 1 recurrence in group L and 3 in group S. Statistical analysis revealed that the recurrence rate, for patients older than 50 and presenting with type 3 hernia, was higher in group S (3/14 = 21%) than in group L (0/13 = 0%). In conclusion, compared to Shouldice repair, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is associated with less postoperative pain, a quicker return to everyday activities and an equivalent postoperative morbidity. In our series, the recurrence rate was even lower for patients older than 50 with type 3 hernia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The use of color doppler sonography of the acute scrotum in children].

The differential diagnosis of the causes of acute scrotum only by clinical means, is often very difficult and supposes the risk of making mistakes, which leaves to several unnecessary surgical explorations. By Colour Doppler Sonography we get some information about testicular flow that helps us in the diagnosis. During the last two years 72 consecutive cases of acute scrotum in children younger than 13 years old, were seen in our hospital emergency department. They all underwent testicular bilateral sonography with color flow imaging using a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer (Model Sonolayer Toshiba SSH-140 A). The sonographical diagnosis were: 45 epididymo-orchitis (62.5%), 8 testicular torsions (11%), 7 torsions of the appendix of testis (9.7%), 7 normal explorations (9.7%), 4 acute idiopathic scrotal oedema (5.5%) and a Henoch-Schönlein purpura (1.38%). Doppler examination showed a 97.2% sensibility and 72.2% specificity in the diagnosis of epididymo-orchitis and 88.88% sensibility and 100% specificity in the diagnosis of testicular torsion. The Colour Doppler Sonography should not minimize importance to the clinical explorations, but is very useful for the diagnosis of acute scrotal process, overcoat in inflammatory diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Salmonella abscess. A potential nosocomial hazard.

Abscess formation by Salmonella species is an uncommon but significant manifestation of salmonellosis. These localized infections can serve as sources for hospital outbreaks. Appropriate isolation measures and management require early recognition. Three patients with Salmonella abscess were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis other than Salmonella infection. In two, admitted with diagnoses of cholelithiasis and acute appendicitis, respectively, postoperative Salmonella infections developed. A third was diagnosed as having traumatic epididymitis, but was found to have Salmonella orchitis. Appropriate antibiotic therapy was effective in two of the three instances; the other resolved spontaneously. There were no recognized nosocomial infections related to these patients, in spite of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Proper routine wound care plus handwashing after patient contact can minimize the spread of these organisms from unsuspected infections.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vasectomy and health. Results from a large cohort study.

In this historical cohort study we identified, located, and, if living, interviewed 10,590 vasectomized men from four cities, along with a paired neighborhood control for each. The times between procedure data and interview or death ranged from under one to 41 years, with median equal to 7.9 years and with 2,318 pairs having ten or more years of follow-up. Participant reports of diseases or conditions that might possibly be related to vasectomy through an immunopathological mechanism were validated by direct contact with physicians and review of medical records. Results of this study do not support the suggestions of immunopathological consequences of vasectomy within the period of follow-up. Except for epididymitis-orchitis, the incidence of diseases for vasectomized men was similar or lower than for their paired controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride as a risk factor for testicular cancer evaluated in a case-control study.

Occupational exposures were assessed in a case-control study on testicular cancer using self-administered questionnaires. In total, answers were obtained for 148 (91%) cases and 315 (87%) controls. Of the cases, 101 had seminoma and 47 had embryonal testicular cancer. An increased odds ratio (OR) was found for exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yielding an OR of 6.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-32). The risk increased further if cases with self-reported cryptorchidism or orchitis were excluded. Six of the 7 exposed cases had seminoma. Exposure to other types of plastics did not significantly increase the risk of testicular cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Immunological and morphological effects of vasectomy in the rabbit.

Half of the rabbits developed antisperm antibodies (measured by either indirect immunofluorescence or sperm immobilization tests) after either a unilateral or bilateral vasectomy. The raised antibody levels, particularly six months or longer after vasectomy, often accompanied patchy orchitis. Seminiferous tubules from such animals exhibited sloughed, multinucleated, and immature germinal cells which were engulfed by phagocytic cells. Mononuclear infiltrates were occasionally present. The basal lamina infolded and thickened by means of supernumerary layers and appeared to be endocytosed by cells of the seminiferous tubules. Four months after vasectomy, numerous phagocytic cells were seen in migrate through the intact epithelium of zone 1 in the caput epididymidis, and were particularly prevalent in animals that exhibited testicular damage. These macrophages may serve to present sperm antigens to lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical localization of beta-endorphin in hyperplastic interstitial tissue of the human testis.

The immunohistochemical localization of beta-endorphin in the normal testis (two patients) and in the pathologic testis (two cases of Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome, two cases of Klinefelter Syndrome, two cases of post-orchitis tubular sclero-hialinosis) was investigated. No beta-endorphin immunostaining was detected in the normal testis, while positive beta-endorphin immunostaining has been observed in pathologic tissues. These results indicate that, as in animals, beta-endorphin is present in human Leydig cells and may play a local role in regulating male reproductive function.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Sonography of large scrotal infections.

We have described 14 cases of large scrotal infections with diffuse involvement of testis and epididymis, thick septations within the cavity, and associated thickening of the scrotal wall and tunica albuginea. The combination of these findings should help distinguish this process from a diffuse neoplastic involvement of the testis where the scrotal wall is almost always of normal thickness. The presence of patchy inhomogenous testicular echo pattern should alert the sonologist to the presence of diffuse suppurative epididymo-orchitis, which may result in necrosis with subsequent orchiectomy in such patients.

Epididymitis↗
PubMed1993

Three Hsp70 genes are located in the C4-H-2D region: possible candidates for the Orch-1 locus.

The central region of the mouse MHC harbors a recombinational hot spot area. Most recombinations in this part of the complex take place between the Hsp70.1 gene and the G7 gene. This interval is of interest since structurally indistinguishable recombinant haplotypes do differ in functional behavior. Susceptibility to experimental allergic orchitis, which is controlled by the Orch-1 locus, is one example. We have analyzed the hot spot region at the molecular level in order to understand the molecular organization of this chromosomal segment. From a C57BL genomic library we constructed a cosmid contig bridging the interval between Hsp70.1 and G7. The Orch-1 gene maps to a 60-kb segment of DNA in which we found a new Hsp70 homologue, Hsp70.3. Thus, as in the human MHC, the central region of the mouse MHC harbors a cluster of three Hsp70 genes; Hsp70.1, Hsp70.3, and Hsc70t. Two other genes are located in this critical interval (G7b and G7a/Bat-6), and there might still be other undetected genes present in the region. Heat shock proteins play an important role in a large number of physiological processes and it is tempting to speculate that Hsc70t, which exhibits testis-specific expression, may be identical to Orch-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Localization of eight additional genes in the human major histocompatibility complex, including the gene encoding the casein kinase II beta subunit (CSNK2B).

A wide range of autoimmune and other diseases are known to be associated with the major histocompatibility complex. Many of these diseases are linked to the genes encoding the polymorphic histocompatibility antigens in the class I and class II regions, but some appear to be more strongly associated with genes in the central 1100-kb class III region, making it important to characterize this region fully for the presence of novel genes. An approximately 220-kb segment of DNA in the class III region separating the Hsp70 (HSPA1L) and BAT1 (D6S8IE) genes, which was previously known to contain 14 genes, has been analyzed for the presence of additional genes. Genomic DNA fragments spanning the gaps between the known genes were used as probes to isolate cDNAs corresponding to five new genes within this region. Evidence from Northern blot analysis and exon trapping experiments that suggested the presence of at least two more new genes was also obtained. Partial cDNA and complete exonic genomic sequencing of one of the new genes has identified it as the casein kinase II beta subunit (CSNK2B). Two of the other novel genes lie within a region syntenic to that implicated in susceptibility to experimental allergic orchitis in the mouse, an autoimmune disease of the testis, and represent additional candidates for the Orch-1 locus associated with this disease. In addition, characterization of the 13-kb intergenic gap separating the RD (D6545) and G11 (D6S60E) genes has revealed the presence of a gene encoding a 1246-amino-acid polypeptide that shows significant sequence similarity to the yeast anti-viral Ski2p gene product.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1975

[An immunofluorescent study of circulating sperm antibodies in humans (author's transl)].

1. By means of an indirect immunofluorescent technique with reference to Weller and Coons (1954), modified for spermatozoal immunofluorescence we found antibodies against spermatozoa in the sera of: 6 of 35 female partners of couples with unexplained infertility, 5 of 35 male partners of couples with unexplained infertility, 8 of 40 prostitutes, 8 of 18 men after orchitis and vasoresection. In contrast to these findings the sera of 20 fertile women, 25 fertile men, and 20 virgins showed negative results with the test mentioned above. 2. The site of the antigen-antibody reaction was mainly the spermatozoal tail and in the second place, the equatorial segment. 3. The immunoglobulins primarily belonged to the IgG and secondly to the IgA class. 4. Our results differ partly from the findings made by other authors perhaps on account of methodical differences. 5. The clinical relevance and associated problems are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Mumps epidemiology in Switzerland: results from the Sentinella surveillance system 1986-1993. Sentinella Work Group].

UNLABELLED: Since 1990, there have been reports of an increasing number of mumps cases in Switzerland, in particular among vaccinated children, and of local outbreaks of mumps. Using data from the Sentinella reporting system, a network of voluntary participating doctors (general practitioners, internists and paediatricians, yearly average: n = 141), trends and factors influencing mumps incidence in the general population were assessed during the last seven years. Following an initial decline in mumps reports, since 1990, there has been a continuous and marked increase in reports from a minimum of 0.7 cases per physician and year in 1989/90 to a near five-fold increase of 3.3 cases in the last reporting period from June-December 1993 (calculated for one year). Half of this increase, which is reflected in a doubling of the number of cases reported in 1986/87, is explained by an increase in cases among vaccinated children. The trend in mumps cases contrasts with that of measles and rubella, where there has been a clear decline in these reports since 1986 (approximately 70-80%). Complications were reported in 75 (4.0%) of the total number of mumps patients (n = 1894); in 2/5 of the cases this was a meningitis, in 1/3 an orchitis. Based on available data on vaccination coverage, the estimated efficacy of the mumps vaccines against parotitis is between 47-77%; this is clearly lower than the corresponding figure for measles (91-97%) and rubella (89-97%) vaccines. The relatively low efficacy against parotitis is mainly due to a protective level of 13-73% of the vaccines containing the Rubini strain. The estimated efficacy of the Rubini vaccines against complications is 50-81%; it is nearly 60-90% if a possible reporting bias is taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The Rubini strain vaccines, which are the most commonly used in Switzerland, seem to have played an important role in the clear increase in mumps cases since 1990. 2. The situation seems more favourable concerning the efficacy against complications of the vaccines used. 3. Our data support the high efficacy of all measles and rubella vaccines. 4. The surveillance of MMR by the Sentinella reporting system provides a useful and effective manner to evaluate the MMR vaccination programme.

Adolescent↗