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PubMed2002

[Characteristics of modern diagnosis of diseases caused by Chlamydia bacteria].

Chlamidia psitacci, Chlamidia trachomatis, Chlamidia pneumoniae are intracellular bacterial parasites causing ornithosis, trachoma, conjuctivitis, urogenital, respiratory infections, arthritis, Reiter's disease. The role is discussed of the above microorganisms in the development of cardiological, neurological disorders. The past years have seen further progress in microbiological diagnosis but information now available on, in the first place, Chlamidia pneum., is scarce. In most clinical studies they use a serological diagnosis which is not without faults, with the cultural method and polymerization chain reaction being most informative diagnostic tools. The diagnostic value of the above-mentioned reaction will, we believe, increase with its improvement. In the preliminary diagnosis, cytomorphological methods can be made use of.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1962

Studies on trachoma. 5. Complement-fixation tests in human volunteers.

Complement-fixation tests carried out on serial serum samples from human volunteers indicate that group-specific antibodies develop after experimental inoculation of trachoma virus and inclusion conjunctivitis virus. The results obtained with antigens prepared from four trachoma virus strains isolated in Tunisia and one strain from Japan and with an ornithosis antigen suggest that there may be antigenic differences among trachoma virus strains and that the use of homologous antigens will therefore give the best results.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1992

[Ocular manifestations of selected zoonoses in humans].

A report is given on the epidemiology and clinical signs of some selected zoonoses that may be of significance for ocular infections in man: brucellosis, leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Newcastle Disease, ornithosis (chlamydiosis), rabies, Streptococcus suis infection, larva migrans ocularis by Toxocara canis or Baylisascaris procyonis, toxoplasmosis and tularemia.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic study data on foci of enzootic abortion of sheep in Rostov Province].

Epidemiological and serological investigations of diseases among cattle-breeders aimed at the elucidation of the etiological importance of mammalian Chlamydia in human pathology were carried out in cattle-breeding farms where Chlamydial infection in sheep (enzootic abortion of sheep) had been diagnosed previously. In these foci with the suppressed enzootic process from 6.2% to 15.6% of the personnel attending to the animals were found to be infected. Retrospectively, patients and convalescents were found whose sera gave positive results in tests with the group Chlamydial antigen when the infection with the agent of ornithosis had been excluded. Among the seropositive subjects, 61.7% had the history of a clinical disease with symptomocomplex of the affection of the respiratory tract or locomotor system; 37.3% denied the disease which suggests the possibility of a latent infection. The foregoing indicates a possible role of mammalian Chlamydia in the etiology of human disease and the necessity of further thorough clinical and epidemiological study of this possibility.

Abortion, Veterinary↗

PubMed2005

The latest from the IVD industry December 2004. Chlamydia--pathogens that are still often underestimated.

Chlamydiae are bacteria living as intracellular parasites. Contemporary differentiation distinguishes nine species, of which three are relevant to human medicine. Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are among the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases. Chlamydophila pneumoniae invade the respiratory tract, chlamydophila psittaci is the pathogen of ornithosis. Chlamydial infections frequently progress asymptomatically and hence remain untreated. Serious chronic secondary diseases are the outcome; they are protracted and cost intensive in treatment. Besides the detection of the pathogen, serology plays a vital part in diagnostics. The antibiotic therapy of chlamydial infections involves the application of tetracyclines, macrolides or chinolons. Chlamydophila pneumoniae in particular has become focus of medical interest as one of the causes of arteriosclerosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1991

[Anti-Chlamydia psittaci antibodies in a healthy pediatric population].

Psittacosis or ornithosis is a bird disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci which can be transmitted to man. Little is known of the epidemiology of the disease in this region, but occasional cases which have been brought to the authors' attention have prompted an epidemiological study on the subject. The preliminary results indicate a surprising percentage, over 8%, of antibodies in infants and children. This percentage varies little in relation to place of residence, rural or urban, or the presence of animals, but confirms the high risk in parrot-owning households where anti-Chlamydia antibodies are found in 37.5% of children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Detection of Chlamydia in postmortal formalin-fixed tissue.

A procedure to detect Chlamydia in postmortal formalin-fixed tissue is described. Monoclonal antibodies against a genus specific chlamydia epitope were used in immunofluorescence to detect chlamydia inclusions in formalin-fixed tissue sections. Lung sections from chlamydia-infected mice were examined and the effect of autolysis and tetracycline treatment was evaluated. Furthermore, lung tissue from two patients who died of ornithosis was examined. Inclusions detected in lung sections showed a bright apple-green fluorescence, and had a characteristic and easily recognizable morphology. Background and non-specific fluorescence were reduced by treating the tissue sections with trypsin, rabbit serum and Evans blue counterstain. Besides giving an exact diagnosis at autopsy, the method provides the possibility of determining the occurrence of chlamydia infections in various tissues, based on retrospective investigations in formalin-fixed tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Infections of pigeons as a risk to the health of humans and animals].

Both, domestic and feral pigeons may be carriers of hazardous agents for man and animals. Ectoparasites of pigeons can trouble humans. Feces of pigeons can serve as substrate for the agent of cryptococcosis of man and animals. The occurrence of avian tuberculosis, campylobacter infections, pseudotuberculosis and pasteurellosis in pigeons seems to be of less significance. Salmonella infections of man and animals are less likely attributable to pigeons as the source of infection. The agent of ornithosis may be distributed by pigeons, but humans are predominantly infected by psittacines. The role of doves in the epidemiology of German measles is not clear, but there is little evidence that they are involved in other harmful virus infections in Europe. A possible risk for the health of man can not be excluded if rooms are located directly in contact with dovecotes or garrets colonized with wild doves. An increased risk can be supposed for pigeon breeders and persons feeding feral doves.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Chlamydiosis: diagnosis and role in human pathology].

The paper presents the data reported in literature on the taxonomy of chlamydia, their tinctorial properties and modes of infection. It comes as evidence for the significance of urogenital chlamydiosis, including venereal lymphogranuloma. The morphological characteristics of the former abnormal condition are reported. Then the paper analyses intrauterine chlamydiosis and provides the results of the author's own investigations that suggest that its manifestations are largely similar to those of intrauterine mycoplasmosis. There is detailed information on respiratory chlamydiosis (ornithosis, psittacosis) and eye diseases (trachoma and paratrachoma). Finally, benign lymphoreticulosis (cat-scratch disease) is briefly reported too. Special emphasis is laid on extremely high incidence of chlamydiosis, in terms of laboratory and epidemiological data, and on little evidence for its structural changes. Nevertheless, the author considers that chlamydiosis may be suspected by the presence of basically homogeneous morphological changes in various diseases caused by different chlamydia, as evidenced by a light microscopy. This is especially important for a pediatric pathologist in his practice. Since even if the diagnosis is supposed to be established in a baby who has died in the perinatal period or upon examination of his/her afterbirth, the parents should undergo clinical and laboratory examinations followed by therapy as the need arises.

Chlamydia Infections↗

PubMed1989

[Atypical pneumonias with special reference to prognosis].

The term "atypical pneumonia" was proposed for pneumoniae which ran another course than lobar or bronchopneumoniae. In opposite to the usual bacteriologic pneumoniae in "atypical pneumoniae" there are only seen slight palpatory and auscultatory findings. In spite of high fever there are no tachycardia and no leucocytosis. The diagnosis succeed by X-ray mostly. "Atypical pneumoniae" were caused by mycoplasmae, rickettsiae (Q-fever), chlamydiae, (ornithosis), viruses (influenca, adenoviruses, cytomegalia, measles, varicellae) or protozoa (pneumocystitis carinii). In the following we enter into the particular clinical pictures and their prognoses.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1989

Serological investigations of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Styria. 2. Report.

From 1975 to 1982 investigations of 64 hedgehogs for anthropozoonoses and infectious diseases were carried out in all regions of Styria, Austria. The serological investigations revealed positive results against rickettsiosis, (Q-fever and RMSF-groups antigen), (ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, against adenoviruses and herpesvirus). Other studies by NOSEK et al. (1967); TROGER et al. (1976); KAASERER et al. (1976) and STUNZNER et al. (1976) report on the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) as indicator for the distribution of infectious diseases. The present study should help to clarify this indicator function in a FSME (tick-borne encephalitis) and Q-fever region, furthermore; hedgehog trails of up to 9 km could be traced with the help of identification markings. Tick species, Ixodes hexagonus and Ixodes ricinus were found in all forms on the hedgehog. Ixodes hexagonus populations were frequently found in hedgehog's nests; of the large number found 128 were female, 89 male and 296 nymphs.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Serological examinations for antibodies against West Nile virus, Semlikivirus and chikungunyavirus in laboratory mice, parasitized by nidicole fauna from swallow's nests.

Experimental mice in swallow's (NMRI) nests highly infested with swallow bugs (Hirundo rustica) revealed antibodies against West Nile virus, Semliki virus and Chikungunya virus. Additional nidicole ectoparasites were not controlled and could also play a role in the occurrence of infection in experimental mice. Swallows and sparrows (Passer domesticus) additional nest inhabitants appear to be the ultimate link in this infection pathway as swallow bugs seldom migrate into dwellings to infest humans. RMSF-group antibodies and antibodies against ornithosis are rather seldom found. The import of West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus and Semliki virus to Austria through bug-parasitized swallows or other nidicole mites and insects can be assumed based on the presented results.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Use of the immunofluorescent microagglutination reaction for the intrageneric differentiation of the immune response in chlamydiosis].

The possibility of using, on principle, the immunofluorescent microagglutination test with Chlamydia fluorescent corpuscular antigen for the strain-specific differentiation of immune response induced by the causative agents of ornithosis (strain B), enzootic abortus ovis (strain EAE) and lymphogranuloma venereum (strain LV) has been experimentally demonstrated. The calculation of indices, characterizing the specificity of differences between the systems under comparison, by the method of S. Frasser and D. Berman (1965) has confirmed the significance of such differentiation.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1985

[An infrequent cause of acute renal failure].

The clinical history of this patient was characterized by an acute localized then diffused pneumopathy, artificial respiratory assistance being necessary. At the same time, acute renal failure appeared with oligoanuria, the evolution of which being favorable after 15 days. The etiology of the pneumopathy was proved by the strongly positive ornithosis serodiagnosis: 1/512. The occupation of the patient, a country worker, correlated well with this diagnosis. The type and mechanism of the acute renal failure should be discussed. Renal biopsy disclosed a tubulo-interstitial nephritis. There was no shock during the whole clinical story. Very high CPK level in the blood was found early in the course of the disease. So, it seems probable that myolysis of viral origin, might be responsible of the renal defect.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1978

[Enzootic abortion among ewes in the Roznava district].

In the winter months of the year 1977, 64 dams out of 170 ewes pregnant for the first time miscarried on one farm in the locality G., Roznava district. Antibodies were revealed in 97% dams after the examination of the blood of 170 ewes from the abortion-affected flock; ornithosis antigen was employed for the examination in the complement-fixing reaction. In the cytoplasm of placentary cells of two miscarrying ewes chlamydiae were proved microscopically. The chlamydiae-strains designated LH-5109 and PK-5082 were isolated by inoculating placentary suspensions to the yolk sacs of chicken embryos. Both strains correspond to all the criteria necessitating the identification of chlamydiae (Storz, 1971). As miscarrying ewes in the course of abortions eliminate, with abortions and amniotic fluids, great amounts of chlamydiae to their environment, they represent a powerful source of infection to healthy animals housed on the same premises and to tending staff. Chlamydiae-antibodies were proved, by the complement-fixing reaction, in the blood of seven attendants out of all the eleven-member tending staff.

Abortion, Veterinary↗

PubMed1979

Ornithopulmonary disease.

Severe pulmonary infections in man may be caused by exposure to infected birds or their droppings. Ornithosis, histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis develop as a result of inhalation of an infective agent. Pigeon-breeder's lung is an allergic alveolitis caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to avian droppings or feathers. This condition is recurrent and is best treated by avoidance of further exposure. Corticosteroids are useful in acute cases.

Animals↗

PubMed1967

WHO respiratory disease survey in children: a serological study.

This paper is a report on the first (serological) phase of a study organized by WHO in collaboration with the WHO International Reference Centre for Respiratory Virus Diseases other than Influenza in Bethesda, Md., USA, to define the viral etiology of severe respiratory infections in children, particularly in tropical areas. Paired sera from 528 children up to 5 years old admitted to hospital with severe respiratory illness of probable viral etiology were collected in 10 countries and sent frozen to the International Reference Centre, where standard complement-fixation tests were made for the following agents: parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, influenza virus types A and B, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burneti and psittacosis-ornithosis.Some 41% of paired sera showed rising antibody titres for one or more of these agents, multiple infections being observed in 8%. In most of the countries the pattern of infection was similar. RS virus was the most important respiratory tract pathogen of early life, particularly in the first year of life and in cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia; the parainfluenza viruses were next in importance, particularly in cases of croup, but, in contra-distinction to RS virus infections, they were commoner in older children. Influenza, adenoviruses, and M. pneumoniae were of moderate importance, and C. burneti and the psittacosis-ornithosis agents were relatively rare. This pattern is similar to that which has been observed in temperate climates.

Africa↗

PubMed1979

[A method for the preparation of a Chlamydiae group-specific antigen on hela-229 cells infected with a strain of "Chlamydia trachomatis" for use in the complement fixation test (author's transl)].

A simple method for the preparation of a potent group-specific antigen on HeLa-229 cells infected with MRC-1 (LB) (TRIC/GB/MRC-1 Gf) strain of Chlamydia trachomatis is outlined. HeLa-229 cells are infected (MRC-1 strain, 102 inclusion-forming units per cell) with centrifugation at 4,000 g for 1 h in flat-bottomed vials. The cells are removed by brief trypsinization with 0.25% trypsin and put into 75 cm2 culture flasks (12 x 106 cells by flask) in BHK-21 medium supplemented with foetal bovine serum. The flasks are incubated for 5 days at 37 degrees C. The destroyed cell monolayer and the supernatant are centrifuged at 100,000 g for 1 h. The pellet is collected and resuspended in PBS and subjected to ultrasonic vibration for 30 min. This antigen may be used for detection of complement-fixing antibodies in lymphogranuloma venereum and ornithosis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗