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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Pediatric obesity: are we under-diagnosing? Assessing pediatric obesity at an urban community health clinic.

Pediatric care providers are often discouraged by the scope and magnitude of our current childhood overweight epidemic. Numerous studies have shown the adverse consequences of pediatric obesity, ranging from short-term physical and psychosocial consequences to long-term consequences that manifest in adulthood. In this study we investigated rates of overweight and at-risk for overweight children in a community health center in urban Honolulu, Hawai'i which serves a large multi-cultural and multi-ethnic population with a large presence of Asians and Pacific Islanders. This was done by conducting a chart review of the pediatric patients in the clinic. Twenty-four children had been formally diagnosed and recorded in their charts as obese/overweight during the last 2 years, out of 4,640 pediatric patients seen (less than 0.5%). However, according to this study roughly 140 overweight children are seen monthly at this clinic, indicating a prevalence of more than 50%. Samoan and Micronesian children were found to be primarily impacted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An exploration of obese observational learning in modifying selected eating responses of obese children.

The present study investigated the effects of two observational learning paradigms in modifying the eating behavior of obese children. A total of 18 subjects ranging in age from seven to 12 years and in weight from 74 to 160 lb (33 to 72 kg) were randomly assigned to three conditions. Intervention consisted of four sessions in which subjects viewed videotapes of their baseline eating behaviors compared with a model eating at a reduced speed. Based on the assumption that children may acquire their parents' eating behaviors, one condition included videotapes of a same-sex adult model. In order to maximize model-observer similarity, subjects in a second treatment condition observed videotapes of themselves eating at a reduced speed. Subjects in the control condition viewed only their baseline eating behavior videotapes. Dependent measures of eating behavior were found to be significantly affected by both model treatments, while no significant differences were evidenced in the control group.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1982

[Chronotherapy of obesity. I. Effect of fenfluramine on the decrease of adipose mass in the obese, in relation to the time of administration].

In order to evaluate if a weight-reducing drug,-fenfluramine-(F.), administrated in different times of a day, provokes different rates of body weight reduction, it has been given in a group of obese patients according to 3 protocols: in the morning as a single dose of 80 mg. (Pr. M.); in the afternoon as a single dose of 80 mg. (Pr. A); and three times a day, at 08.00, 13.00 and 20.00 (Pr. T.T.). The administration of a single dose in the morning for 4 weeks provokes a higher decrease of body weight compared with the administration of the drug in the afternoon or three times a day for an equivalent period of time, (p less than 0.01; p less than 0,05). In addition the decrease in body weight appears significantly correlated with the decrease of adipose mass, obtained according to Hume and Weyers formulae. These preliminary results suggest to study the eating behaviour in order to observe if fenfluramine, which is known to affect the eating behaviour, changes its efficacy according to the time of administration and consequently its activity on body weight and adipose mass.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Simple obesity and obesity hyperlipemia treated with otoacupoint pellet pressure and body acupuncture.

161 cases of simple obesity with or without hyperlipemia were treated by pellet pressure on auricular acupoints plus body acupuncture for 3 months in a single-blind experiment. Patients on Capsulae Olei Oenothera Erythrosepalae were taken as positive controls. Body weight, circumference of chest, abdomen, arms and legs, the appetite, sleep, bowel movement, blood TC, TG and HDL-C were recorded for comparison. The results indicated that treatment in the auricular and body acupoint group was superior to treatment in the control group. In the acupoint group body weight dropped by an average of 5.04 kg in 84.55% of the patients, who also showed decreased appetite, blood TC and TG.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1998

Obesity wars: a pilot study of very low calorie diets in obese patients in general practice.

In this study we aimed to determine whether very low calorie diets (VLCDs) can be an effective means of weight reduction in obese patients in general practice. Twenty-six patients showed a mean reduction in weight of 15 kg and in body mass index (BMI) of 6.1% within a 12-month period. VLCDs with regular monitoring and feedback were shown to be effective in reducing and maintaining weight loss for up to a year with no reported serious side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Biliary cholesterol saturation in non-obese women and non-obese men before and after puberty.

The lipid composition of gallbladder bile was determined in forty-seven normal, non-obese subjects (twenty females and twenty-seven males) without gallstones ranging in age from seven months to twenty-nine years. Before puberty, bile was undersaturated with cholesterol in both sexes to the same extent. After puberty a marked increase in cholesterol saturation was observed in females but not in males (138% vs 88%; P less than 0.01). A significant correlation between age and cholesterol saturation could be observed in females (r = 0.546; P less than 0.05) but not in males. In addition a significant correlation between absolute weight and cholesterol saturation in all females (r = 0.827; P less than 0.001) and those after puberty (r = 0.659; P less than 0.05) could be demonstrated. In neither sex was saturation related to body mass index or ideal body weight. These findings suggest that saturation of bile raises in women during puberty but not in men, and this sex-related difference in cholesterol saturation probably contributes to the more common occurrence of gallstones in women than in men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Anti-obesity action of Salix matsudana leaves (Part 2). Isolation of anti-obesity effectors from polyphenol fractions of Salix matsudana.

Previously, it was reported that polyphenol fractions prepared from the leaves of Salix matsudana reduced the elevation of the rat plasma triacylglycerol level at 3 and 4 h after oral administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil, at a dose of 570 mg/kg. Moreover, body weights at 2-9 weeks and the fi nal parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet with 5% polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves than in those fed the high-fat diet alone. The polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves also significantly reduced the hepatic total cholesterol content, which was elevated in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. In addition, the polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves inhibited palmitic acid uptake into brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rat jejunum and alpha-amylase activity, and their fractions enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells. To clarify the active substances inhibiting the palmitic acid uptake into small intestinal brush border membrane, the alpha-amylase activity or enhancing the norepinephrine-induced lipolyis in fat cells, the isolation of the active substances from polyphenol fraction was attempted using the above three assay systems. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were isolated from the polyphenol fractions and identified as apigenin-7-O-d-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside and chrysoeriol-7-O-d-glucoside, respectively. Among three flavonoids, apigenin-7-O-d-glucoside inhibited alpha-amylase activity, and luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside and chrysoeriol-7-O-d-glucoside inhibited palmitic acid uptake into small intestinal brush border membrane. Furthermore, three flavonoid glucosides enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells.

Adipocytes↗