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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Medical support of the Sinai Multinational Force and Observers: an update, 2001.

The Multinational Force and Observers is an 11-nation coalition force with the mission of peacekeeping in the Sinai. It commenced operations in 1982 and continues today after two decades of successful enforcement of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace. The fielding of a medical support team for this mission was the first effort of its kind for the U.S. Army Medical Department, resulting in a uniquely organized medical unit. A U.S. Army physician heads the medical team, which includes nine other physicians from six different countries. The team provides health care for the 2,500-person coalition in the remote Sinai desert. This writing compares earlier medical support with that of August 2000 through July 2001 and describes medical conditions and problems encountered during the 12-month tour of duty. This article updates two previous articles on the subject published in Military Medicine in 1983 and 1991.

Egypt↗
PubMed1995

"Writing it right".

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Legislation, Medical↗
PubMed2005

The ethics of policy writing: how should hospitals deal with moral disagreement about controversial medical practices?

Every healthcare organisation (HCO) enacts a multitude of policies, but there has been no discussion as to what procedural and substantive requirements a policy writing process should meet in order to achieve good outcomes and to possess sufficient authority for those who are asked to follow it.Using, as an example, the controversy about patient's refusal of blood transfusions, I argue that a hospital wide policy is preferable to individual decision making, because it ensures autonomy, quality, fairness, and efficiency. Policy writing for morally controversial medical practices needs additional justification compared to policies on standard medical practices and secures legitimate authority for HCO members by meeting five requirements: all parties directed by the policy are represented; the deliberative process encompasses all of the HCO's obligations; the rationales for the policy are made available; there is a mechanism for criticising, and for evaluating the policy.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2005

Attitudes towards and barriers to writing advance directives amongst cancer patients, healthy controls, and medical staff.

OBJECTIVES: After years of public discussion too little is still known about willingness to accept the idea of writing an advance directive among various groups of people in EU countries. We investigated knowledge about and willingness to accept such a directive in cancer patients, healthy controls, physicians, and nursing staff in Germany. METHODS: Cancer patients, healthy controls, nursing staff, and physicians (n = 100 in each group) were surveyed by means of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Only 18% and 19% of the patients and healthy controls respectively, and 10% of the medical staff had written an advance directive. However, 50-81% of those surveyed indicated that they wished to write one. This intention was associated with deteriorating health (p < 0.001). Only 29% of the healthy controls and 43% of the patients knew about the possibility of appointing a health care proxy. A majority in all groups believed that advance directives may influence the course of treatment (79-85%), yet half of those surveyed in all groups fear that patients could be pressurised into writing an advance directive, and 38-65% thought that relatives could abuse such documents. CONCLUSIONS: Only a minority of the participants had written an advance directive and knew about the possibility of authorizing a health care proxy. Deteriorating health was associated with increasing willingness to make a directive. Despite a majority belief that advance directives may influence treatment at the end of life, other factors limit their employment, such as fear of abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The Program in Medical Humanities at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine.

UNLABELLED: The University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine opened officially in 1971, offering a combined BA/MD in a six-year program. The program has a defined goal of offering humanities courses throughout the curriculum. The Sirridge Office of Medical Humanities was established in 1992, and it assumed the responsibility of developing conveniently scheduled courses in medical humanities, making more specific requirements for such courses in the medical curriculum. The goal of these courses has been to provide students a different way of looking at things by giving them insight into the ways that reading literature and writing stories helps medical students better read patient experiences. A course entitled " LITERATURE: A Healing Art" was first offered in 1992. In 1994, The Body Image in Medicine and the Arts course was added. With the help of a Culpeper grant in 1995, five interdisciplinary undergraduate courses were created. In 1999 Medicine, LITERATURE, and Law was developed from two previous courses. Bioethics is offered as part of a series called Correlative Medicine and in a required course, Behavioral Science. The present director of the Office of Medical Humanities has resigned and at present there is a search for a replacement. A new director may decide to change some of the offerings and add new activities. The medical school remains committed to supporting the office and its programs in keeping with the goals of the original academic plan to educate safe and caring physicians.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1998

C.D. Greenall, D.C. and the 1907 California Medical Practice Act.

The development of the legal status of the chiropractic profession often resulted from continual persecution by the medical authorities who held almost exclusive power to license health care providers. While the medical boards may seem to offer an "olive branch" in the legislative wars over licensure in the form of drugless practitioner licenses, naturopathic endorsements, or licenses under the "all other" category, their goal was to contain and eliminate all rival professions. A previous article dealt with the prosecution of C.D. Greenall, D.C., at the hands of the medical board. Since writing that article, I have had the opportunity to read The Chiropractor and to develop more fully an understanding of Dr. Greenall and his actions. Not all prosecutions of chiropractic doctors were instigated by the medical profession; some were insisted upon by other chiropractic doctors. Dr. Greenall and his legal counsel were just such a team. With a goal of having California's 1907 Medical Practice Act declared unconstituional, Dr. Greenall presented himself for prosecution. This article more fully details Dr. Greenall and his attempts to gain some form of recognition for the chiropractic profession.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed2000

Exile and the undestroyable perpetuity of stigmatizations--some critical (medical) anthropological reflections.

The writing of this paper has been stimulated by the observable widening dichotomy between present pluralist discourses of multiculturalism, which claim the future of mutual understanding and harmony vs. the true prevalence of a dramatically growing discordance in human relations world-wide. Given the experience of working in the long-term exile fieldwork, as well as coming from a geographically interesting and highly media-presented country, ones capacity to rethink and self-detect the modes of treating alterity seems to grow together with the imposed self-reflexivity. It remains to be seen whether the decades in which many have been on the receiving end of approaches that address the Other--the perceptual fields of "race" vs. race and visible vs. non-visible ethnicity's, etc.--will yield an output of constructive scientist voices. The potential dialogue could bring us closer to apprehending the simplistic nature of multicultural discourses, as well as expose better the reasons why they yield such slow results. Namely, we need deeper levels of understanding, and although the psychoanalytic approaches to these issues have been often discarded as reductionist, only they can orientate us, after making us painfully aware that prejudice and tolerance can present themselves side by side, and are not solely dependent on the processes of our becoming more conscious and knowledgeable citizens. The many scientists that equally engage in stereotyping, testify this claim. Thus, this is an insider's meta-narrative that joins the list of present approaches that firstly engage in tracing one's own stigmatization processes rather than solely deconstructing others.

Croatia↗
PubMed1993

Personal journal writing in a communication skills course for first-year medical students.

Student journals are used at all levels of education to facilitate academic and personal learning. This paper describes the experience of journal writing from both a student and teacher perspective, in a communication skills course for first-year medical students at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. As one of the requirements of the course, students described their individual reactions to each weekly session in a journal. Teachers responded to each journal entry. Guidelines for journal usage in this course are described. The content of the journals includes topic-related information, comments concerning the student's individual experience of the course, and personal thoughts related to life experiences and becoming a doctor. A summary of evaluations of journal writing by teachers and students is presented. We have observed that journal writing facilitates a personal and reflective perspective to the first-year medical curriculum for both students and teachers. Journal writing appears to initiate and encourage self-awareness by providing a safe place for students to describe their experiences and relationships and to question their own values and beliefs. In the journal, through a mutual sharing of thoughts and feelings, barriers between students and teachers are diminished, leading to enhanced rapport and communication.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A follow-up survey of alcohol consumption and knowledge in medical students.

We surveyed a medical school's students' drinking habits and knowledge 12 years after a previous survey. In this current survey from two academic years, final year students drank less than second year students did. Women in their second year drank as much as men. Overall, 28% of students drank more than the safe limits; 27% of students were problem drinkers, as measured by the CAGE questionnaire, and 52%, as measured by the AUDIT questionnaire. The proportion of students not drinking any alcohol rose from 6% in the previous survey to 27% in the current survey, possibly due to context and demographic changes. In spite of this difference, there have been no statistically significant reductions in either unsafe drinking levels or CAGE scores over 12 years. A third of students overestimated the safe levels of drinking. All medical schools should write and implement an alcohol policy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Medical students' and housestaff's opinions of computerized order-writing.

BACKGROUND: Greater use of computers has been touted as one way in which health care quality can be enhanced while reducing costs. The authors assessed factors associated with acceptance of computerized order-writing. METHOD: From April 1990 through October 1991 a survey was administered to 275 medical students and housestaff who used computer workstations to write all their orders on the general medicine wards at Wishard Memorial Hospital. The survey assessed computer literacy, ease of workstation use, effects on practice and time management, and usefulness of information provided. RESULTS: A total of 212 (77%) of the computer-workstation users responded. Opinions were generally positive. Those of junior students were the most positive, with opinions declining progressively for senior students, interns, and residents. The housestaff were most critical of time spent using the workstations, although they required less time to write orders than the students did. CONCLUSION: The favorableness of the respondents' opinions declined as the level of training increased, a trend that was independent of computer literacy. Hence, increasing computer use by physicians will probably require modification of the educational and socialization process rather than mere reliance on increasing computer literacy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[A brief research on the life of Li Lian, the author of Yi shi (Medical history) of the Ming dynasty, and his works].

The dates of birth and death of Li Lian, a medical historian and literati of the Ming dynasty and the writing of Yi shi (Medical History) are studied. Based on the Ming scholar Chen Bo's epitaph and Li Lian's own essays and poets, Li's date of birth is settled as 1488, that of his death, 1566. Thus, the mistakes and missing of these dates of the entry "Li Lian" appeared in three biographical dictionaries are corrected. The family background of Li Lian, a descendant of the "Jin Zhong Li", a family pediatrician of over 200 years, are studied. Comprehensive analysis is made on the date of compilation of Li Lian's Medical History based on the prefaces, epitaphs of Yang Lian and Wang Ao, both Ming officials, and inferred to be around 1529 - 1530.

China↗
PubMed2000

[Vopiscus Fortunatus Plempius].

Born in Amsterdam in 1601, Plempius studied at Louvain, Leiden & Padua where he obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1623. He was appointed Professor at Louvain in 1633 and died there in 1671 after a brilliant academic & scientific career. He spent thirty years of his life working on a translation into Latin of the Arabic text of the first 2 books of Avicenna's treatise "The Canon", as well as of the chapter in book 4 dealing with fevers. The book was published by Nempaeus in Louvain in 1658. For many years, Plempius used it as a reference manual for medical students. In writing this book, Plempius made use of an Arabic manuscript made available to him by an old acquaintance of his from Leiden, J. Golius who, in the course of his diplomatic career in the Orient, had collected hundreds of Arabic manuscripts (currently held by the University Library of Leiden and the Bodleian at Oxford). Through the example of Plempius, the Arab contribution to the European medical humanism of the XVIIth century will be analyzed.

Arab World↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Becoming chart smart the academic way.

Instead of relying on another "quick fix" approach to medical record problems, write Eileen Chiama, M.S., Robert Morisse, M.A., M.P.H., and Barbara Nawrocki, M.P.H., the University of Connecticut School of Medicine took an academic approach--using a detail-oriented, two-year process led by committee.

Academic Medical Centers↗